Lifestyle management of hypertension : International Society of Hypertension position paper endorsed by the World Hypertension League and European Society of Hypertension
- Charchar, Fadi, Prestes, Priscilla, Mills, Charlotte, Ching, Siew, Neupane, Dinesh, Marques, Francine, Sharman, James, Vogt, Liffert, Burrell, Louise, Korostovtseva, Lyudmila, Zec, Manja, Patil, Mansi, Schultz, Martin, Wallen, Matthew, Renna, Nicolás, Islam, Sheikh, Hiremath, Swapnil, Gyeltshen, Tshewang, Chia, Yook-Chin, Gupta, Abhinav, Schutte, Aletta, Klein, Britt, Borghi, Claudio, Browning, Colette, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik, Marta, Lee, Hae-Young, Itoh, Hiroshi, Miura, Katsuyuki, Akinnibosun, Olutope, Shane Thomas
- Authors: Charchar, Fadi , Prestes, Priscilla , Mills, Charlotte , Ching, Siew , Neupane, Dinesh , Marques, Francine , Sharman, James , Vogt, Liffert , Burrell, Louise , Korostovtseva, Lyudmila , Zec, Manja , Patil, Mansi , Schultz, Martin , Wallen, Matthew , Renna, Nicolás , Islam, Sheikh , Hiremath, Swapnil , Gyeltshen, Tshewang , Chia, Yook-Chin , Gupta, Abhinav , Schutte, Aletta , Klein, Britt , Borghi, Claudio , Browning, Colette , Czesnikiewicz-Guzik, Marta , Lee, Hae-Young , Itoh, Hiroshi , Miura, Katsuyuki , Akinnibosun, Olutope , Shane Thomas
- Date: 2024
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of hypertension Vol. 42, no. 1 (2024), p. 23-49
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Hypertension, defined as persistently elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at least 90 mmHg (International Society of Hypertension guidelines), affects over 1.5 billion people worldwide. Hypertension is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (e.g. coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke) and death. An international panel of experts convened by the International Society of Hypertension College of Experts compiled lifestyle management recommendations as first-line strategy to prevent and control hypertension in adulthood. We also recommend that lifestyle changes be continued even when blood pressure-lowering medications are prescribed. Specific recommendations based on literature evidence are summarized with advice to start these measures early in life, including maintaining a healthy body weight, increased levels of different types of physical activity, healthy eating and drinking, avoidance and cessation of smoking and alcohol use, management of stress and sleep levels. We also discuss the relevance of specific approaches including consumption of sodium, potassium, sugar, fibre, coffee, tea, intermittent fasting as well as integrated strategies to implement these recommendations using, for example, behaviour change-related technologies and digital tools. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliates “Fadi Charchar, Priscilla Prestes, Britt Klein, Colette Browning, Olutope Akinnibosun and Shane Thomas” are provided in this record**
- Description: Hypertension, defined as persistently elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at least 90 mmHg (International Society of Hypertension guidelines), affects over 1.5 billion people worldwide. Hypertension is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (e.g. coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke) and death. An international panel of experts convened by the International Society of Hypertension College of Experts compiled lifestyle management recommendations as first-line strategy to prevent and control hypertension in adulthood. We also recommend that lifestyle changes be continued even when blood pressure-lowering medications are prescribed. Specific recommendations based on literature evidence are summarized with advice to start these measures early in life, including maintaining a healthy body weight, increased levels of different types of physical activity, healthy eating and drinking, avoidance and cessation of smoking and alcohol use, management of stress and sleep levels. We also discuss the relevance of specific approaches including consumption of sodium, potassium, sugar, fibre, coffee, tea, intermittent fasting as well as integrated strategies to implement these recommendations using, for example, behaviour change-related technologies and digital tools. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliates “Fadi Charchar, Priscilla Prestes, Britt Klein, Colette Browning, Olutope Akinnibossun and Shane Thomas” are provided in this record**
- Authors: Charchar, Fadi , Prestes, Priscilla , Mills, Charlotte , Ching, Siew , Neupane, Dinesh , Marques, Francine , Sharman, James , Vogt, Liffert , Burrell, Louise , Korostovtseva, Lyudmila , Zec, Manja , Patil, Mansi , Schultz, Martin , Wallen, Matthew , Renna, Nicolás , Islam, Sheikh , Hiremath, Swapnil , Gyeltshen, Tshewang , Chia, Yook-Chin , Gupta, Abhinav , Schutte, Aletta , Klein, Britt , Borghi, Claudio , Browning, Colette , Czesnikiewicz-Guzik, Marta , Lee, Hae-Young , Itoh, Hiroshi , Miura, Katsuyuki , Akinnibosun, Olutope , Shane Thomas
- Date: 2024
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of hypertension Vol. 42, no. 1 (2024), p. 23-49
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Hypertension, defined as persistently elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at least 90 mmHg (International Society of Hypertension guidelines), affects over 1.5 billion people worldwide. Hypertension is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (e.g. coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke) and death. An international panel of experts convened by the International Society of Hypertension College of Experts compiled lifestyle management recommendations as first-line strategy to prevent and control hypertension in adulthood. We also recommend that lifestyle changes be continued even when blood pressure-lowering medications are prescribed. Specific recommendations based on literature evidence are summarized with advice to start these measures early in life, including maintaining a healthy body weight, increased levels of different types of physical activity, healthy eating and drinking, avoidance and cessation of smoking and alcohol use, management of stress and sleep levels. We also discuss the relevance of specific approaches including consumption of sodium, potassium, sugar, fibre, coffee, tea, intermittent fasting as well as integrated strategies to implement these recommendations using, for example, behaviour change-related technologies and digital tools. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliates “Fadi Charchar, Priscilla Prestes, Britt Klein, Colette Browning, Olutope Akinnibosun and Shane Thomas” are provided in this record**
- Description: Hypertension, defined as persistently elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at least 90 mmHg (International Society of Hypertension guidelines), affects over 1.5 billion people worldwide. Hypertension is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (e.g. coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke) and death. An international panel of experts convened by the International Society of Hypertension College of Experts compiled lifestyle management recommendations as first-line strategy to prevent and control hypertension in adulthood. We also recommend that lifestyle changes be continued even when blood pressure-lowering medications are prescribed. Specific recommendations based on literature evidence are summarized with advice to start these measures early in life, including maintaining a healthy body weight, increased levels of different types of physical activity, healthy eating and drinking, avoidance and cessation of smoking and alcohol use, management of stress and sleep levels. We also discuss the relevance of specific approaches including consumption of sodium, potassium, sugar, fibre, coffee, tea, intermittent fasting as well as integrated strategies to implement these recommendations using, for example, behaviour change-related technologies and digital tools. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliates “Fadi Charchar, Priscilla Prestes, Britt Klein, Colette Browning, Olutope Akinnibossun and Shane Thomas” are provided in this record**
A systematic literature review of workplace physical activity programs : an exploration of barriers and enabling factors
- Dabkowski, Elissa, Porter, Joanne, Barbagallo, Michael, Prokopiv, Val, Snell, Christopher, Missen, Karen
- Authors: Dabkowski, Elissa , Porter, Joanne , Barbagallo, Michael , Prokopiv, Val , Snell, Christopher , Missen, Karen
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Cogent Psychology Vol. 10, no. 1 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Physical inactivity continues to be a global issue with many adolescents and adults failing to meet the recommendations for daily exercise. Efforts to reduce physical inactivity in adults include the incorporation of strategies such as workplace physical activity programs, especially for sedentary workers. In this systematic literature review we examined current literature about the efficacy of workplace physical activity programs, as well as the barriers and enablers to these programs. Six EBSCO databases were searched (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, APA PsycArticles and SPORTDiscus with full text) between a ten year period (2011 to 2021). The search terms used were “physical activity”, “workplace” and “program” along with their variations. Following a systematic process, eighteen papers met the eligibility criteria. The authors analysed the findings using a narrative synthesis, in which four themes emerged from the data. These include Benefits to physical health, Benefits to mental health, Barriers to workplace physical activity and Workplace activity enablers. These findings provided several recommendations for organizations that endeavour to improve the health of workplace employees. Generalised workplace physical activity programs were viewed favourably by both employees and employers. Incorporating these practices into daily work structures may provide favourable outcomes such as increased work productivity and reduced physical inactivity. © 2023 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.
- Authors: Dabkowski, Elissa , Porter, Joanne , Barbagallo, Michael , Prokopiv, Val , Snell, Christopher , Missen, Karen
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Cogent Psychology Vol. 10, no. 1 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Physical inactivity continues to be a global issue with many adolescents and adults failing to meet the recommendations for daily exercise. Efforts to reduce physical inactivity in adults include the incorporation of strategies such as workplace physical activity programs, especially for sedentary workers. In this systematic literature review we examined current literature about the efficacy of workplace physical activity programs, as well as the barriers and enablers to these programs. Six EBSCO databases were searched (Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Complete, MEDLINE, APA PsycInfo, APA PsycArticles and SPORTDiscus with full text) between a ten year period (2011 to 2021). The search terms used were “physical activity”, “workplace” and “program” along with their variations. Following a systematic process, eighteen papers met the eligibility criteria. The authors analysed the findings using a narrative synthesis, in which four themes emerged from the data. These include Benefits to physical health, Benefits to mental health, Barriers to workplace physical activity and Workplace activity enablers. These findings provided several recommendations for organizations that endeavour to improve the health of workplace employees. Generalised workplace physical activity programs were viewed favourably by both employees and employers. Incorporating these practices into daily work structures may provide favourable outcomes such as increased work productivity and reduced physical inactivity. © 2023 The Author(s). This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 4.0 license.
- Joseph, Ria, Hart, Nicolas, Bradford, Natalie, Wallen, Matthew, Han, Chad, Pinkham, Elizabeth, Hanley, Brigid, Lock, Gemma, Wyld, David, Wishart, Laurelie, Koczwara, Bogda, Chan, Alexandre, Agbejule, Oluwaseyifunmi, Crichton, Megan, Teleni, Laisa, Holland, Justin, Edmiston, Kelli, Naumann, Leonie, Brown, Teresa, Chan, Raymond
- Authors: Joseph, Ria , Hart, Nicolas , Bradford, Natalie , Wallen, Matthew , Han, Chad , Pinkham, Elizabeth , Hanley, Brigid , Lock, Gemma , Wyld, David , Wishart, Laurelie , Koczwara, Bogda , Chan, Alexandre , Agbejule, Oluwaseyifunmi , Crichton, Megan , Teleni, Laisa , Holland, Justin , Edmiston, Kelli , Naumann, Leonie , Brown, Teresa , Chan, Raymond
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Supportive Care in Cancer Vol. 31, no. 1 (2023), p.
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1194051
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Purpose: To develop and establish expert consensus on essential elements of optimal dietary and exercise referral practices for cancer survivors. Methods: A four-round modified, Delphi method (face-to-face and electronic). In round 1, initial statements were drafted based on Cancer Australia’s Principles of Cancer Survivorship and input from key stakeholders through a cancer preconference workshop. In round 2, the initial statements were distributed to a panel (round 1 participants) to establish consensus by rating the importance of each statement using a five-point Likert scale. Statements that required significant changes in wording were redistributed to panel members in round 3 for voting. Round 4 was for consumers, requiring them to rate their level of agreement of final statements. Results: In total, 82 stakeholders participated in round 1. Response rates for survey rounds 2 and 3 were 59% (n = 54) and 39% (n = 36). Panel members included nurses (22%), dietitians (19%), exercise professionals (16%), medical practitioners (8%), and consumers (4%). The mean “importance” rating for all essential elements was 4.28 or higher (i.e., fairly important, or very important). Round 4’s consumer-only engagement received responses from 58 consumers. Overall, 24 elements reached consensus following some revised wording, including the development of three new statements based on panel feedback. Conclusion: Our developed essential elements of optimal dietary and exercise referral practices can help provide guidance to medical and nursing health professionals relevant to dietary and exercise referral practices. Future research should conduct an implementation intervention and evaluation of these essential elements to optimise dietary and exercise care in cancer survivors. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Exploring the effects of perioperative and preoperative exercise therapy for prostate, colorectal and breast cancer patients
- Authors: Hennessy, Declan
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
- Full Text:
- Description: Cancer is a prevalent disease with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Exercise interventions implemented before, during, or after cancer-based surgeries have shown promising benefits in improving fitness, postoperative complications, and quality of life. This thesis comprises three original research chapters aimed at investigating the effect of perioperative and preoperative 'prehabilitation' exercise in breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer patients. The first study focused on exploring exercise therapy interventions and their impact on cardio-respiratory fitness and 30-day postoperative outcomes in colorectal cancer patients. The systematic review and meta-analysis (N= 411 intervention and N= 368 control) revealed a small but significant improvement in cardio-respiratory fitness (SMD = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.32; p < 0.05) with exercise interventions, although no significant impact on 30-day postoperative outcomes was observed. In the second study, various exercise types, including aerobic, resistance, flexibility, and mind-body exercises (alone or in combination), were compared in terms of their effect on cardio-respiratory fitness and 30-day postoperative outcomes in colorectal cancer patients (N= 411 intervention and N= 368 control). The network meta-analysis findings indicated that engaging in aerobic exercise alone (SMD = 0.30) or a combination of aerobic, resistance, and flexibility exercises (SMD = 0.57) yielded the most significant improvements in cardio-respiratory fitness. The final study examined the efficacy of pre-surgical aerobic exercise (prehabilitation) therapy in relation to post-operative cardio-respiratory fitness, quality of life, and 30-day postoperative outcomes in the Grampians Region of Victoria. The prehabilitation (PREHAB) group included a supervised aerobic based program which would see patients exercise every two/three days for a minimum of 2 weeks. A total of 11 PREHAB and 9 usual care (UCARE) patients were enrolled and analysed. The study showed that a prehabilitation exercise program resulted in small clinical improvements in some markers of cardio-respiratory fitness (+1.5% and +1.2% for absolute and relative V̇O2peak, respectively) and is safe and feasible. However, no significant improvements were observed in quality of life and 30-day postoperative outcomes. While the overall findings demonstrate some positive effects of perioperative and specifically prehabilitation exercise, it is important to consider the magnitude of these effects and any specific factors contributing to their success, if applicable. Further research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and limitations of exercise before, during and after surgery in this patient population.
- Description: Doctor of Philosophy
- Authors: Hennessy, Declan
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
- Full Text:
- Description: Cancer is a prevalent disease with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Exercise interventions implemented before, during, or after cancer-based surgeries have shown promising benefits in improving fitness, postoperative complications, and quality of life. This thesis comprises three original research chapters aimed at investigating the effect of perioperative and preoperative 'prehabilitation' exercise in breast, colorectal, and prostate cancer patients. The first study focused on exploring exercise therapy interventions and their impact on cardio-respiratory fitness and 30-day postoperative outcomes in colorectal cancer patients. The systematic review and meta-analysis (N= 411 intervention and N= 368 control) revealed a small but significant improvement in cardio-respiratory fitness (SMD = 0.18; 95% CI = 0.03, 0.32; p < 0.05) with exercise interventions, although no significant impact on 30-day postoperative outcomes was observed. In the second study, various exercise types, including aerobic, resistance, flexibility, and mind-body exercises (alone or in combination), were compared in terms of their effect on cardio-respiratory fitness and 30-day postoperative outcomes in colorectal cancer patients (N= 411 intervention and N= 368 control). The network meta-analysis findings indicated that engaging in aerobic exercise alone (SMD = 0.30) or a combination of aerobic, resistance, and flexibility exercises (SMD = 0.57) yielded the most significant improvements in cardio-respiratory fitness. The final study examined the efficacy of pre-surgical aerobic exercise (prehabilitation) therapy in relation to post-operative cardio-respiratory fitness, quality of life, and 30-day postoperative outcomes in the Grampians Region of Victoria. The prehabilitation (PREHAB) group included a supervised aerobic based program which would see patients exercise every two/three days for a minimum of 2 weeks. A total of 11 PREHAB and 9 usual care (UCARE) patients were enrolled and analysed. The study showed that a prehabilitation exercise program resulted in small clinical improvements in some markers of cardio-respiratory fitness (+1.5% and +1.2% for absolute and relative V̇O2peak, respectively) and is safe and feasible. However, no significant improvements were observed in quality of life and 30-day postoperative outcomes. While the overall findings demonstrate some positive effects of perioperative and specifically prehabilitation exercise, it is important to consider the magnitude of these effects and any specific factors contributing to their success, if applicable. Further research is needed to fully understand the potential benefits and limitations of exercise before, during and after surgery in this patient population.
- Description: Doctor of Philosophy
High-intensity interval training for the management of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis : participant experiences and perspectives
- Keating, Shelley, Croci, Ilaria, Wallen, Matthew, Cox, Emily, Coombes, Jeff, Burton, Nicola, Macdonald, Graeme, Hickman, Ingrid
- Authors: Keating, Shelley , Croci, Ilaria , Wallen, Matthew , Cox, Emily , Coombes, Jeff , Burton, Nicola , Macdonald, Graeme , Hickman, Ingrid
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology Vol. 11, no. 5 (2023), p. 1050-1060
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background and Aims: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a therapeutic option for people with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the perspectives and experiences of HIIT for people with NASH are unknown, limiting translation of research. We explored the experiences and perspectives of both professionally supervised and self-directed HIIT in people with NASH and evaluated participant-reported knowledge, barriers, and enablers to commencing and sus-taining HIIT. Methods: Twelve participants with NASH un-derwent 12 weeks of supervised HIIT (3 days/week, 4×4 minutes at 85–95% maximal heart rate, interspersed with 3 minutes active recovery), followed by 12-weeks of self-directed (unsupervised) HIIT. One-on-one, semistructured participant interviews were conducted by exercise staff prior to HIIT and following both supervised and self-directed HIIT to explore prior knowledge, barriers, enablers, and outcomes at each stage. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed by two independent re-searchers. Results: Four dominant themes were identified: (1) no awareness of/experience with HIIT and ambivalence about exercise capabilities; (2) multiple medical and social barriers to commencing and continuing HIIT; (3) exercise specialist support was a highly valued enabler, and (4) HIIT was enjoyed and provided holistic benefits. Conclusions: People with NASH may lack knowledge of and confidence for HIIT, and experience multiple complex barriers to commencing and continuing HIIT. Exercise specialist support is a key enabler to sustained engagement. These factors need to be addressed in future clinical programs to augment the uptake and long-term sustainability of HIIT by people with NASH so they can experience the range of related benefits. © 2023 The Author(s).
- Authors: Keating, Shelley , Croci, Ilaria , Wallen, Matthew , Cox, Emily , Coombes, Jeff , Burton, Nicola , Macdonald, Graeme , Hickman, Ingrid
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology Vol. 11, no. 5 (2023), p. 1050-1060
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background and Aims: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is a therapeutic option for people with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). However, the perspectives and experiences of HIIT for people with NASH are unknown, limiting translation of research. We explored the experiences and perspectives of both professionally supervised and self-directed HIIT in people with NASH and evaluated participant-reported knowledge, barriers, and enablers to commencing and sus-taining HIIT. Methods: Twelve participants with NASH un-derwent 12 weeks of supervised HIIT (3 days/week, 4×4 minutes at 85–95% maximal heart rate, interspersed with 3 minutes active recovery), followed by 12-weeks of self-directed (unsupervised) HIIT. One-on-one, semistructured participant interviews were conducted by exercise staff prior to HIIT and following both supervised and self-directed HIIT to explore prior knowledge, barriers, enablers, and outcomes at each stage. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded, and thematically analyzed by two independent re-searchers. Results: Four dominant themes were identified: (1) no awareness of/experience with HIIT and ambivalence about exercise capabilities; (2) multiple medical and social barriers to commencing and continuing HIIT; (3) exercise specialist support was a highly valued enabler, and (4) HIIT was enjoyed and provided holistic benefits. Conclusions: People with NASH may lack knowledge of and confidence for HIIT, and experience multiple complex barriers to commencing and continuing HIIT. Exercise specialist support is a key enabler to sustained engagement. These factors need to be addressed in future clinical programs to augment the uptake and long-term sustainability of HIIT by people with NASH so they can experience the range of related benefits. © 2023 The Author(s).
High-intensity interval training is safe, feasible and efficacious in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis : a randomized controlled trial
- Keating, Shelley, Croci, Ilaria, Wallen, Matthew, Cox, Emily, Thuzar, Moe, Pham, Uyen, Mielke, Gregore, Coombes, Jeff, Macdonald, Graeme, Hickman, Ingrid
- Authors: Keating, Shelley , Croci, Ilaria , Wallen, Matthew , Cox, Emily , Thuzar, Moe , Pham, Uyen , Mielke, Gregore , Coombes, Jeff , Macdonald, Graeme , Hickman, Ingrid
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Digestive Diseases and Sciences Vol. 68, no. 5 (2023), p. 2123-2139
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) involves bursts of high-intensity exercise interspersed with lower-intensity exercise recovery. HIIT may benefit cardiometabolic health in people with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Aims: We aimed to examine the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of 12-weeks of supervised HIIT compared with a sham-exercise control (CON) for improving aerobic fitness and peripheral insulin sensitivity in biopsy-proven NASH. Methods: Participants based in the community [(n = 14, 56 ± 10 years, BMI 39.2 ± 6.7 kg/m2, 64% male), NAFLD Activity Score 5 (range 3–7)] were randomized to 12-weeks of supervised HIIT (n = 8, 4 × 4 min at 85–95% maximal heart rate, interspersed with 3 min active recovery; 3 days/week) or CON (n = 6, stretching; 3 days/week). Safety (adverse events) and feasibility determined as
- Authors: Keating, Shelley , Croci, Ilaria , Wallen, Matthew , Cox, Emily , Thuzar, Moe , Pham, Uyen , Mielke, Gregore , Coombes, Jeff , Macdonald, Graeme , Hickman, Ingrid
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Digestive Diseases and Sciences Vol. 68, no. 5 (2023), p. 2123-2139
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) involves bursts of high-intensity exercise interspersed with lower-intensity exercise recovery. HIIT may benefit cardiometabolic health in people with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Aims: We aimed to examine the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of 12-weeks of supervised HIIT compared with a sham-exercise control (CON) for improving aerobic fitness and peripheral insulin sensitivity in biopsy-proven NASH. Methods: Participants based in the community [(n = 14, 56 ± 10 years, BMI 39.2 ± 6.7 kg/m2, 64% male), NAFLD Activity Score 5 (range 3–7)] were randomized to 12-weeks of supervised HIIT (n = 8, 4 × 4 min at 85–95% maximal heart rate, interspersed with 3 min active recovery; 3 days/week) or CON (n = 6, stretching; 3 days/week). Safety (adverse events) and feasibility determined as
Identifying factors affecting work-integrated learning opportunities in exercise science and exercise physiology
- Buchan, Jena, Pitcher, Christian, Pascoe, Deborah, McGowan, Courtney, Clanchy, Kelly, Sealey, Rebecca
- Authors: Buchan, Jena , Pitcher, Christian , Pascoe, Deborah , McGowan, Courtney , Clanchy, Kelly , Sealey, Rebecca
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning Vol. 24, no. 2 (2023), p. 241-259
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Support from industry professionals is essential to meet the increasing demand for high-quality work-integrated learning (WIL) that forms a core component of university curriculum in various health professions. This qualitative study used an online survey to investigate the current landscape of exercise science and physiology WIL opportunities in Australia, building from a previous 2013 study. Factors were identified from 76 practicum supervisors that restrict and promote willingness to provide WIL opportunities, with recommendations made on how to better support and engage current and future supervisors. Fifteen factors were identified that influenced supervisor WIL engagement, with four factors reported as 'promote', six factors reported as 'restrict' and five factors identified as promoting and restricting. Using these findings, recommendations were made around five key issues related to supporting sustainable, engaging future WIL opportunities. An update was also provided on status of recommendations resulting from the 2013 research and remaining areas for action. © 2023 International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning. All rights reserved.
- Authors: Buchan, Jena , Pitcher, Christian , Pascoe, Deborah , McGowan, Courtney , Clanchy, Kelly , Sealey, Rebecca
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning Vol. 24, no. 2 (2023), p. 241-259
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Support from industry professionals is essential to meet the increasing demand for high-quality work-integrated learning (WIL) that forms a core component of university curriculum in various health professions. This qualitative study used an online survey to investigate the current landscape of exercise science and physiology WIL opportunities in Australia, building from a previous 2013 study. Factors were identified from 76 practicum supervisors that restrict and promote willingness to provide WIL opportunities, with recommendations made on how to better support and engage current and future supervisors. Fifteen factors were identified that influenced supervisor WIL engagement, with four factors reported as 'promote', six factors reported as 'restrict' and five factors identified as promoting and restricting. Using these findings, recommendations were made around five key issues related to supporting sustainable, engaging future WIL opportunities. An update was also provided on status of recommendations resulting from the 2013 research and remaining areas for action. © 2023 International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning. All rights reserved.
Maximal and submaximal intensity isometric knee extensions induce an underestimation of time estimates with both younger and older adults : a randomized crossover trial
- Graham, Andrew, Gardner, Hayley, Chaabene, Helmi, Talpey, Scott, Alizadeh, Shahab, Behm, David
- Authors: Graham, Andrew , Gardner, Hayley , Chaabene, Helmi , Talpey, Scott , Alizadeh, Shahab , Behm, David
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Vol. 22, no. 3 (2023), p. 405-415
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Our perception of time plays a critical role in nearly all daily activities and especially in sports. There are no studies that have investigated and compared time perception during exercise in young and older adults. Thus, this study aimed to compare the effects of exercise on time perception between younger and older adult populations. Thirty-three recreationally active participants were recruited and assigned to either the younger (university students, 9 males and 10 females) or older adults (>60 years, 8 males and 6 females). All participants completed four exercise conditions over two sessions on separate days: approximately 30-seconds of knee extensors 100%, 60% and 10% of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and control (no contractions). Prospective time perception was estimated (at 5-, 10-, 20-, and 30-seconds) at the beginning of each session and while performing the exercise. A main effect for condition (p < 0.001, d = 1.06) with subsequent post-hoc tests indicated participants significantly underestimated (estimated time was shorter than chronological time) time in all three exercise conditions compared to the control. There were no significant age group differences. In conclusion, exercise underestimated time estimates regardless of intensity or age. This questions the postulated intensity-dependent relationship between exercise and time perception. While older adults were expected to be less accurate in their time estimates, they may have been able to adopt alternative strategies for agerelated changes in their internal clock, resulting in no significant age group differences. © 2023, Journal of Sport Science and Medicine. All rights reserved.
- Authors: Graham, Andrew , Gardner, Hayley , Chaabene, Helmi , Talpey, Scott , Alizadeh, Shahab , Behm, David
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Vol. 22, no. 3 (2023), p. 405-415
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Our perception of time plays a critical role in nearly all daily activities and especially in sports. There are no studies that have investigated and compared time perception during exercise in young and older adults. Thus, this study aimed to compare the effects of exercise on time perception between younger and older adult populations. Thirty-three recreationally active participants were recruited and assigned to either the younger (university students, 9 males and 10 females) or older adults (>60 years, 8 males and 6 females). All participants completed four exercise conditions over two sessions on separate days: approximately 30-seconds of knee extensors 100%, 60% and 10% of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), and control (no contractions). Prospective time perception was estimated (at 5-, 10-, 20-, and 30-seconds) at the beginning of each session and while performing the exercise. A main effect for condition (p < 0.001, d = 1.06) with subsequent post-hoc tests indicated participants significantly underestimated (estimated time was shorter than chronological time) time in all three exercise conditions compared to the control. There were no significant age group differences. In conclusion, exercise underestimated time estimates regardless of intensity or age. This questions the postulated intensity-dependent relationship between exercise and time perception. While older adults were expected to be less accurate in their time estimates, they may have been able to adopt alternative strategies for agerelated changes in their internal clock, resulting in no significant age group differences. © 2023, Journal of Sport Science and Medicine. All rights reserved.
Passion moderates the relationship between exercise identity and compulsive exercise
- Cosh, Suzanne, Loi, Natasha, McNeil, Dominic
- Authors: Cosh, Suzanne , Loi, Natasha , McNeil, Dominic
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Asian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology Vol. 3, no. 3 (2023), p. 184-191
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: There remains limited understanding and mixed results around predictors of compulsive exercise, especially outside of eating disorder populations and settings. Research is also limited by operationalisation of compulsive exercise as a unidimensional construct, despite evidence that it is best understood and examined as multi-dimensional. Given that compulsive exercise is also observed in the general exercise population, increased understanding around predictors of compulsive exercise is needed. This study examined the relationship between dimensions of compulsive exercise (Compulsive Exercise Test) with obsessive and harmonious passion (the Passion Scale) and exercise identity (the Exercise Identity Scale) in a sample of N = 1184 Australian general exercisers. Correlation, regression and moderation analyses indicated that exercise identity was associated with all dimensions of compulsive exercise, although strength and direction of relationships varied. Harmonious passion was related to several dimensions of compulsive exercise and also moderated relationships between identity with weight-control exercise, mood improvement and lack of exercise enjoyment, whereas obsessive passion moderated the relationship between identity and lack of exercise enjoyment only. Results highlight that compulsive exercise dimensions have nuanced relationships with other variables and that examination of dimensions can increase understanding around compulsive exercise. Harmonious passion predicted more aspects of compulsive exercise than obsessive passion. Individuals with high exercise identity, and those with low harmonious passion may be more at risk of poor outcomes including compulsive exercise pathology and other related outcomes. © 2023
- Authors: Cosh, Suzanne , Loi, Natasha , McNeil, Dominic
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Asian Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology Vol. 3, no. 3 (2023), p. 184-191
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: There remains limited understanding and mixed results around predictors of compulsive exercise, especially outside of eating disorder populations and settings. Research is also limited by operationalisation of compulsive exercise as a unidimensional construct, despite evidence that it is best understood and examined as multi-dimensional. Given that compulsive exercise is also observed in the general exercise population, increased understanding around predictors of compulsive exercise is needed. This study examined the relationship between dimensions of compulsive exercise (Compulsive Exercise Test) with obsessive and harmonious passion (the Passion Scale) and exercise identity (the Exercise Identity Scale) in a sample of N = 1184 Australian general exercisers. Correlation, regression and moderation analyses indicated that exercise identity was associated with all dimensions of compulsive exercise, although strength and direction of relationships varied. Harmonious passion was related to several dimensions of compulsive exercise and also moderated relationships between identity with weight-control exercise, mood improvement and lack of exercise enjoyment, whereas obsessive passion moderated the relationship between identity and lack of exercise enjoyment only. Results highlight that compulsive exercise dimensions have nuanced relationships with other variables and that examination of dimensions can increase understanding around compulsive exercise. Harmonious passion predicted more aspects of compulsive exercise than obsessive passion. Individuals with high exercise identity, and those with low harmonious passion may be more at risk of poor outcomes including compulsive exercise pathology and other related outcomes. © 2023
Diet and exercise advice and referrals for cancer survivors : an integrative review of medical and nursing perspectives
- Joseph, Ria, Hart, Nicolas, Bradford, Natalie, Agbejule, Oluwaseyifunmi, Koczwara, Bogda, Chan, Alexandre, Wallen, Matthew, Chan, Raymond
- Authors: Joseph, Ria , Hart, Nicolas , Bradford, Natalie , Agbejule, Oluwaseyifunmi , Koczwara, Bogda , Chan, Alexandre , Wallen, Matthew , Chan, Raymond
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Supportive Care in Cancer Vol. 30, no. 10 (2022), p. 8429-8439
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Purpose: To examine the perspectives of medical and nursing health professionals concerning their roles and responsibilities in providing dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors, and referrals to allied health professionals. Methods: An integrative review. PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science databases, and bibliographies of relevant studies were searched from December 2011 to June 2021. All studies were eligible for inclusion. The Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to critically appraise included studies. Data were extracted and synthesised regarding the perspectives of medical and nursing health professionals on their roles, responsibilities, barriers, and facilitators. Results: Twenty-one studies involving 3401 medical and nursing health professionals and 264 cancer survivors of diverse cancer types were included. Ten quantitative, nine qualitative, and two mixed-methods studies were eligible. All included studies met at least 80% of the quality criteria in the MMAT. Major findings include the following: (1) medical and nursing health professionals were unclear on their roles in providing dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors but agreed they play a key role in referrals to dietitians and exercise professionals; (2) most cancer survivors valued the involvement of their general practitioner when receiving dietary and exercise advice. Conclusion: Although medical and nursing health professionals understand that referrals to allied health professionals form part of their role, there is a lack of clarity regarding their roles to provide dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors. Future studies should address barriers and facilitators of dietary and exercise advice and referral by medical and nursing health professionals. © 2022, Crown.
- Authors: Joseph, Ria , Hart, Nicolas , Bradford, Natalie , Agbejule, Oluwaseyifunmi , Koczwara, Bogda , Chan, Alexandre , Wallen, Matthew , Chan, Raymond
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Supportive Care in Cancer Vol. 30, no. 10 (2022), p. 8429-8439
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Purpose: To examine the perspectives of medical and nursing health professionals concerning their roles and responsibilities in providing dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors, and referrals to allied health professionals. Methods: An integrative review. PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science databases, and bibliographies of relevant studies were searched from December 2011 to June 2021. All studies were eligible for inclusion. The Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to critically appraise included studies. Data were extracted and synthesised regarding the perspectives of medical and nursing health professionals on their roles, responsibilities, barriers, and facilitators. Results: Twenty-one studies involving 3401 medical and nursing health professionals and 264 cancer survivors of diverse cancer types were included. Ten quantitative, nine qualitative, and two mixed-methods studies were eligible. All included studies met at least 80% of the quality criteria in the MMAT. Major findings include the following: (1) medical and nursing health professionals were unclear on their roles in providing dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors but agreed they play a key role in referrals to dietitians and exercise professionals; (2) most cancer survivors valued the involvement of their general practitioner when receiving dietary and exercise advice. Conclusion: Although medical and nursing health professionals understand that referrals to allied health professionals form part of their role, there is a lack of clarity regarding their roles to provide dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors. Future studies should address barriers and facilitators of dietary and exercise advice and referral by medical and nursing health professionals. © 2022, Crown.
- Pengelly, Jacqueline, Royse, Colin, Williams, Gavin, Bryant, Adam, Clarke-Errey, Sandy, Royse, Alistair, El-Ansary, Doa
- Authors: Pengelly, Jacqueline , Royse, Colin , Williams, Gavin , Bryant, Adam , Clarke-Errey, Sandy , Royse, Alistair , El-Ansary, Doa
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Heart Lung and Circulation Vol. 31, no. 3 (2022), p. 395-406
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Aims: To investigate the effects of a 12-week early moderate-intensity resistance training program compared to aerobic-based rehabilitation on postoperative cognitive recovery following cardiac surgery via median sternotomy. Methods: This was a multicentre, prospective, pragmatic, non-blinded, pilot randomised controlled trial (1:1 randomisation) of two parallel groups that compared a 12-week early moderate-intensity resistance training group to a control group, receiving aerobic-based rehabilitation. English-speaking adults (≥18 years) undergoing elective cardiac surgery via median sternotomy were randomised using sealed envelopes, with allocation revealed before surgery. The primary outcome was cognitive function, assessed using the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog), at baseline, 14 weeks and 6 months postoperatively. Results: The ADAS-cog score at 14 weeks was significantly better for the resistance training group (n=14, 7.2±1.4; 95% CI 4.3, 10.2, vs n=17, 9.2±1.3; 95% CI 6.6, 11.9, p=0.010). At 14 weeks postoperatively, 53% of the aerobic-based rehabilitation group (n=9/17) experienced cognitive decline by two points or more from baseline ADAS-cog score, compared to 0% of the resistance training group (n=0/14; p=0.001). Conclusion: Early resistance training appears to be safe and may improve cognitive recovery compared to standard, aerobic-based rehabilitation following cardiac surgery via median sternotomy, however as this was a pilot study, the sample size was small and further research is needed to determine a causal relationship. © 2021 Australian and New Zealand Society of Cardiac and Thoracic Surgeons (ANZSCTS) and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand (CSANZ)
Participation and dropout of Hockey New South Wales participants in 2017 and 2018: a longitudinal study
- Owen, Katherine, Foley, Bridget, Eime, Rochelle, Rose, Catriona, Reece, Lindsey
- Authors: Owen, Katherine , Foley, Bridget , Eime, Rochelle , Rose, Catriona , Reece, Lindsey
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation Vol. 14, no. 1 (2022), p. 103-103
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Sports have a focus on increasing participation, which contributes to increasing population levels of physical activity, social cohesion and longevity of the sport. The primary aim of this study was to examine reasons for drop-out of a popular team sport in Australia, Field Hockey and identify opportunities to increase participation. This longitudinal study obtained routinely collected registered player data from Hockey New South Wales over two consecutive years, and survey data from registered players who dropped out. Logistic regression models identified demographic subgroups who were more likely to drop out of sport, and the reasons for dropping out. In 2018, 8463 (31%) of hockey players did not return to play hockey after the previous season and 805 (10%) of these completed a survey. Specific groups who were more likely to stop playing included 5-6 years (OR: 2.1, 95% CI 1.8-2.6 reference: 12-17 years), females (OR: 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2 reference: males), Indigenous (OR: 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.4 reference: non-Indigenous), most disadvantaged (OR: 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2 reference: least disadvantaged) or regional and remote (1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2 reference: major cities). Top reasons for drop out were medical/age (17%), change in circumstances (16%) and high cost (13%), lack of time (13%) and lack of enjoyment (7%). Although Hockey successfully reaches a large proportion of underrepresented groups in sport, these groups are more likely to drop out. Sports should consult these groups to develop enjoyable, flexible, and modifiable versions of the game that are appropriate to their needs.
- Authors: Owen, Katherine , Foley, Bridget , Eime, Rochelle , Rose, Catriona , Reece, Lindsey
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation Vol. 14, no. 1 (2022), p. 103-103
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Sports have a focus on increasing participation, which contributes to increasing population levels of physical activity, social cohesion and longevity of the sport. The primary aim of this study was to examine reasons for drop-out of a popular team sport in Australia, Field Hockey and identify opportunities to increase participation. This longitudinal study obtained routinely collected registered player data from Hockey New South Wales over two consecutive years, and survey data from registered players who dropped out. Logistic regression models identified demographic subgroups who were more likely to drop out of sport, and the reasons for dropping out. In 2018, 8463 (31%) of hockey players did not return to play hockey after the previous season and 805 (10%) of these completed a survey. Specific groups who were more likely to stop playing included 5-6 years (OR: 2.1, 95% CI 1.8-2.6 reference: 12-17 years), females (OR: 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2 reference: males), Indigenous (OR: 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.4 reference: non-Indigenous), most disadvantaged (OR: 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2 reference: least disadvantaged) or regional and remote (1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2 reference: major cities). Top reasons for drop out were medical/age (17%), change in circumstances (16%) and high cost (13%), lack of time (13%) and lack of enjoyment (7%). Although Hockey successfully reaches a large proportion of underrepresented groups in sport, these groups are more likely to drop out. Sports should consult these groups to develop enjoyable, flexible, and modifiable versions of the game that are appropriate to their needs.
SAfety and feasibility of EArly resistance training after median sternotomy : the SAFE-ARMS study
- Pengelly, Jacqueline, Boggett, Stuart, Bryant, Adam, Royse, Colin, Royse, Alistair, Williams, Gavin, El-Ansary, Doa El
- Authors: Pengelly, Jacqueline , Boggett, Stuart , Bryant, Adam , Royse, Colin , Royse, Alistair , Williams, Gavin , El-Ansary, Doa El
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Physical Therapy Vol. 102, no. 7 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and feasibility of subacute upper limb resistance exercise on sternal micromotion and pain and the reliability of sternal ultrasound assessment following cardiac surgery via median sternotomy. Methods: This experimental study used a pretest-posttest design to investigate the effects of upper limb resistance exercise on the sternum in patients following their first cardiac surgery via median sternotomy. Six bilateral upper limb machine-based exercises were commenced at a base resistance of 20 lb (9 kg) and progressed for each participant. Sternal micromotion was assessed using ultrasound at the mid and lower sternum at 2, 8, and 14 weeks postsurgery. Intrarater and interrater reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Participant-reported pain was recorded at rest and with each exercise using a visual analogue scale. Results: Sixteen adults (n = 15 males; 71.3 [SD = 6.2] years of age) consented to participate. Twelve participants completed the study, 2 withdrew prior to the 8-week assessment, and 2 assessments were not completed at 14 weeks due to assessor unavailability. The highest median micromotion at the sternal edges was observed during the bicep curl (median = 1.33 mm; range = -0.8 to 2.0 mm) in the lateral direction and the shoulder pulldown (median = 0.65 mm; range = -0.8 to 1.6 mm) in the anterior-posterior direction. Furthermore, participants reported no increase in pain when performing any of the 6 upper limb exercises. Interrater reliability was moderate to good for both lateral-posterior (ICC = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.58 to 0.83) and anterior-posterior micromotion (ICC = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.73 to 0.89) of the sternal edges. Conclusion: Bilateral upper limb resistance exercises performed on cam-based machines do not result in sternal micromotion exceeding 2.0 mm or an increase in participant-reported pain. Impact: Upper limb resistance training commenced as early as 2 weeks following cardiac surgery via median sternotomy and performed within the safe limits of pain and sternal micromotion appears to be safe and may accelerate postoperative recovery rather than muscular deconditioning. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Physical Therapy Association. All rights reserved.
- Authors: Pengelly, Jacqueline , Boggett, Stuart , Bryant, Adam , Royse, Colin , Royse, Alistair , Williams, Gavin , El-Ansary, Doa El
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Physical Therapy Vol. 102, no. 7 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and feasibility of subacute upper limb resistance exercise on sternal micromotion and pain and the reliability of sternal ultrasound assessment following cardiac surgery via median sternotomy. Methods: This experimental study used a pretest-posttest design to investigate the effects of upper limb resistance exercise on the sternum in patients following their first cardiac surgery via median sternotomy. Six bilateral upper limb machine-based exercises were commenced at a base resistance of 20 lb (9 kg) and progressed for each participant. Sternal micromotion was assessed using ultrasound at the mid and lower sternum at 2, 8, and 14 weeks postsurgery. Intrarater and interrater reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Participant-reported pain was recorded at rest and with each exercise using a visual analogue scale. Results: Sixteen adults (n = 15 males; 71.3 [SD = 6.2] years of age) consented to participate. Twelve participants completed the study, 2 withdrew prior to the 8-week assessment, and 2 assessments were not completed at 14 weeks due to assessor unavailability. The highest median micromotion at the sternal edges was observed during the bicep curl (median = 1.33 mm; range = -0.8 to 2.0 mm) in the lateral direction and the shoulder pulldown (median = 0.65 mm; range = -0.8 to 1.6 mm) in the anterior-posterior direction. Furthermore, participants reported no increase in pain when performing any of the 6 upper limb exercises. Interrater reliability was moderate to good for both lateral-posterior (ICC = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.58 to 0.83) and anterior-posterior micromotion (ICC = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.73 to 0.89) of the sternal edges. Conclusion: Bilateral upper limb resistance exercises performed on cam-based machines do not result in sternal micromotion exceeding 2.0 mm or an increase in participant-reported pain. Impact: Upper limb resistance training commenced as early as 2 weeks following cardiac surgery via median sternotomy and performed within the safe limits of pain and sternal micromotion appears to be safe and may accelerate postoperative recovery rather than muscular deconditioning. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Physical Therapy Association. All rights reserved.
Stubborn exercise responders–where to next?
- Bell, Leo, Gabbett, Tim, Davis, Gregory, Wallen, Matthew, O’Brien, Brendan
- Authors: Bell, Leo , Gabbett, Tim , Davis, Gregory , Wallen, Matthew , O’Brien, Brendan
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Sports Vol. 10, no. 6 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: There is a wide variance in the magnitude of physiological adaptations after resistance or endurance training. The incidence of “non” or “poor” responders to training has been reported to represent as high as 40% of the project’s sample. However, the incidence of poor responders to training can be ameliorated with manipulation of either the training frequency, intensity, type and duration. Additionally, global non‐response to cardio‐respiratory fitness training is eliminated when evaluating several health measures beyond just the target variables as at least one or more measure improves. More research is required to determine if altering resistance training variables results in a more favourable response in individuals with an initial poor response to resistance training. Moreover, we recommend abandoning the term “poor” responders, as ultimately the magnitude of change in cardiorespiratory fitness in response to endurance training is similar in “poor” and “high” responders if the training frequency is subsequently increased. Therefore, we propose “stubborn” responders as a more appropriate term. Future research should focus on developing viable physiological and lifestyle screening tests that identify likely stubborn responders to conventional exercise training guidelines before the individual engages with training. Exerkines, DNA damage, metabolomic responses in blood, saliva and breath, gene sequence, gene expression and epigenetics are candidate biomarkers that warrant investigation into their relationship with traina-bility. Crucially, viable biomarker screening tests should show good construct validity to distinguish between different exercise loads, and possess excellent sensitivity and reliability. Furthermore “red flag” tests of likely poor responders to training should be practical to assess in clinical settings and be affordable and non‐invasive. Early identification of stubborn responders would enable op-timization of training programs from the onset of training to maintain exercise motivation and optimize the impact on training adaptations and health. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Authors: Bell, Leo , Gabbett, Tim , Davis, Gregory , Wallen, Matthew , O’Brien, Brendan
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Sports Vol. 10, no. 6 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: There is a wide variance in the magnitude of physiological adaptations after resistance or endurance training. The incidence of “non” or “poor” responders to training has been reported to represent as high as 40% of the project’s sample. However, the incidence of poor responders to training can be ameliorated with manipulation of either the training frequency, intensity, type and duration. Additionally, global non‐response to cardio‐respiratory fitness training is eliminated when evaluating several health measures beyond just the target variables as at least one or more measure improves. More research is required to determine if altering resistance training variables results in a more favourable response in individuals with an initial poor response to resistance training. Moreover, we recommend abandoning the term “poor” responders, as ultimately the magnitude of change in cardiorespiratory fitness in response to endurance training is similar in “poor” and “high” responders if the training frequency is subsequently increased. Therefore, we propose “stubborn” responders as a more appropriate term. Future research should focus on developing viable physiological and lifestyle screening tests that identify likely stubborn responders to conventional exercise training guidelines before the individual engages with training. Exerkines, DNA damage, metabolomic responses in blood, saliva and breath, gene sequence, gene expression and epigenetics are candidate biomarkers that warrant investigation into their relationship with traina-bility. Crucially, viable biomarker screening tests should show good construct validity to distinguish between different exercise loads, and possess excellent sensitivity and reliability. Furthermore “red flag” tests of likely poor responders to training should be practical to assess in clinical settings and be affordable and non‐invasive. Early identification of stubborn responders would enable op-timization of training programs from the onset of training to maintain exercise motivation and optimize the impact on training adaptations and health. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Tai Chi exercise to improve balance and prevent falls among older people with dementia
- Barrado-Martín, Yolanda, Polman, Remco, Nyman, Samuel
- Authors: Barrado-Martín, Yolanda , Polman, Remco , Nyman, Samuel
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Exercise to Prevent and Manage Chronic Disease Across the Lifespan Chapter 27 p. 363-372
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The number of people affected by dementia across the world is estimated to grow over the coming decades. It is a condition that leads to global and nonreversible cognitive impairment. As well as creating dependency in everyday activities, dementia increases the risk of older people experiencing a fall. Falls are globally recognized as a public health problem, given their high prevalence and severe consequences among older people. Several interventions have been developed to prevent falls, with robust evidence to support exercise-based interventions and in particular Tai Chi. Tai Chi exercise is a mind-body exercise that has evidence to support its potential to improve physical, cognitive, and mental health more generally as well as prevent falls. Most exercise trials to date have excluded people with dementia, and so there is little evidence to guide the use of Tai Chi for this patient group. Further, the methodological quality and heterogeneity of approaches used in Tai Chi studies such as the exercise dose, outcomes measured, and how adherence was reported, makes it difficult to make firm conclusions. Emergent evidence suggests Tai Chi is an enjoyable and safe form of exercise for community-dwelling older people with mild to moderate dementia and their informal carers. It has strong potential to improve quality of life and prevent falls among this patient group. The mechanism for its effectiveness is not clear but it is potentially via a positive impact on both cognitive and physical functioning. Clinical practice recommendations for exercise prescribers are provided with an emphasis on how to attract and sustain high levels of adherence. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- Dabkowski, Elissa, Porter, Joanne, Barbagallo, Michael
- Authors: Dabkowski, Elissa , Porter, Joanne , Barbagallo, Michael
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Health and Social Care in the Community Vol. 29, no. 6 (2021), p. 1990-1997
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: This study explores a weekly community-based exercise program (CBEP) for ageing adults in Gippsland, Victoria, Australia. This program aims to improve the health and well-being of ageing adults and was evaluated using an exploratory qualitative study design. Four focus group discussions and two individual interviews were conducted before a thematic analysis using Braun & Clark's (2006) six-step approach. A total of 23 participants were involved in the study over a 6-week period. The thematic analysis resulted in two main themes: (a) meeting community needs and (b) benefits to health and well-being. Five minor themes stemmed from these two themes, in which participants identified that a service gap existed within the community and the program was adaptive in its design to meet community needs. Participants reported benefits to health and well-being, specifically perceived improved mobility and independence, social connections and ‘recharging the batteries to feel good’. The inclusion of Tai Chi exercises was noted for increased vitality and pain management benefits. The role of the exercise instructor was deemed to be instrumental to the success of the CBEP. The CBEP provides motivation for older adults to attend, increasing physical activity. Future CBEPs for ageing adults should provide a social component and relevant health education for participants. Exercises should be safely adapted by the exercise instructor to suit people of various abilities and to promote a more ‘inclusive’ environment. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Agile ageing – A modifiable vital sign to mitigate the risk of falls in older adults?
- Ogilvie, Madeleine, Wallen, Matthew, Talpey, Scott
- Authors: Ogilvie, Madeleine , Wallen, Matthew , Talpey, Scott
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Medical Hypotheses Vol. 148, no. (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Falls prevention in older adults is a targeted priority because a fall can lead to disability, institutionalisation and presents a signficant financial burden. Falls are multifactoral in nature however, impairments in both physical and cognitive functioning have been linked to their occurrence. Currently, testing and exercise training for falls prevention focuses on physical qualities such as balance and strength. Agility is a unique physical quality that couples an individuals perceptual cognitive ability with the ability to produce a quick and accurate movement. Agility is relatively well understood in a sporting context however, its application to falls prevention has been minimal. Because a fall may occur while an individual is perceiving information from the dynamic environment around them while attempting to execute a rapid and accurate movement it is hypothesised that concepts and methods used to assess and train agility in athlete populations can be use to improve practices related to the screening and training to mitigate the risk of a fall in an older adult. © 2021
- Authors: Ogilvie, Madeleine , Wallen, Matthew , Talpey, Scott
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Medical Hypotheses Vol. 148, no. (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Falls prevention in older adults is a targeted priority because a fall can lead to disability, institutionalisation and presents a signficant financial burden. Falls are multifactoral in nature however, impairments in both physical and cognitive functioning have been linked to their occurrence. Currently, testing and exercise training for falls prevention focuses on physical qualities such as balance and strength. Agility is a unique physical quality that couples an individuals perceptual cognitive ability with the ability to produce a quick and accurate movement. Agility is relatively well understood in a sporting context however, its application to falls prevention has been minimal. Because a fall may occur while an individual is perceiving information from the dynamic environment around them while attempting to execute a rapid and accurate movement it is hypothesised that concepts and methods used to assess and train agility in athlete populations can be use to improve practices related to the screening and training to mitigate the risk of a fall in an older adult. © 2021
Exercise, epigenetics, and aging
- Chilton, Warrick, Maier, Maier, Akinnibosun, Olutope, O’Brien, Brendan, Charchar, Fadi
- Authors: Chilton, Warrick , Maier, Maier , Akinnibosun, Olutope , O’Brien, Brendan , Charchar, Fadi
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Epigenetics of Exercise and Sports: Concepts, Methods, and Current Research Chapter 27 p. 127-182
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: This chapter introduces the epigenetic processes that govern how exercise affects the aging processes. We begin with an introduction to the molecular changes that occur with aging including methylation and histone and noncoding RNA modifications. We then present the evidence for changes in these processes by exercise and physical activity, Lastly, we present evidence for and against a role for exercise on changes in telomere length and aging. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Improving centre-based group exercise participation of older adults using the behaviour change wheel
- Kwok, Boon, Wong, Wai, Remedios, Louisa
- Authors: Kwok, Boon , Wong, Wai , Remedios, Louisa
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: BMJ Open Quality Vol. 10, no. 1 (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: An emphasis on active ageing could help to delay the onset of frailty. In Singapore, Senior Activity Centres provide free and guided group exercise sessions for older adults. However, one such centre had very low participation rates among community-dwelling older adults despite running standardised programmes. Based on a needs analysis from a prior project, this paper reports on strategies implemented to improve the daily centre-based group exercise participation rate among community-dwelling older adults. Using the behaviour change wheel model, participant motivation domains were identified as primary gaps, while the psychological capability and physical opportunity were categorised as secondary gaps. A logic model was used to design a project to respond to these identified gaps and guide the evaluation approach. Three strategies were implemented over a 4-week period and reviewed at 6 months: (1) promotion of the exercise classes, (2) delayed rewards for participation and (3) health ambassadors. Evaluation findings highlighted that more resources were needed for the training of community-dwelling older adult healthcare ambassadors in the use of motivational interviewing. The interventions were found to be efficacious in increasing daily group exercise participation rate at the centre, from an average of three to nine participants per day over the 4 weeks. Furthermore, more than 60% of these participants achieved the WHO's weekly minimum exercise recommendation for older adults (150 min moderate-intensity physical activity). To increase the engagement of older adults in physical activity or exercise participation, we recommend the use of behaviour change wheel model and the use of community-based health ambassadors. In conclusion, the project found improved daily centre-based group physical exercise participation rates when all the domains in the behaviour change wheel model were addressed. © 2021 Copernicus GmbH. All rights reserved.
Improving centre-based group exercise participation of older adults using the behaviour change wheel
- Authors: Kwok, Boon , Wong, Wai , Remedios, Louisa
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: BMJ Open Quality Vol. 10, no. 1 (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: An emphasis on active ageing could help to delay the onset of frailty. In Singapore, Senior Activity Centres provide free and guided group exercise sessions for older adults. However, one such centre had very low participation rates among community-dwelling older adults despite running standardised programmes. Based on a needs analysis from a prior project, this paper reports on strategies implemented to improve the daily centre-based group exercise participation rate among community-dwelling older adults. Using the behaviour change wheel model, participant motivation domains were identified as primary gaps, while the psychological capability and physical opportunity were categorised as secondary gaps. A logic model was used to design a project to respond to these identified gaps and guide the evaluation approach. Three strategies were implemented over a 4-week period and reviewed at 6 months: (1) promotion of the exercise classes, (2) delayed rewards for participation and (3) health ambassadors. Evaluation findings highlighted that more resources were needed for the training of community-dwelling older adult healthcare ambassadors in the use of motivational interviewing. The interventions were found to be efficacious in increasing daily group exercise participation rate at the centre, from an average of three to nine participants per day over the 4 weeks. Furthermore, more than 60% of these participants achieved the WHO's weekly minimum exercise recommendation for older adults (150 min moderate-intensity physical activity). To increase the engagement of older adults in physical activity or exercise participation, we recommend the use of behaviour change wheel model and the use of community-based health ambassadors. In conclusion, the project found improved daily centre-based group physical exercise participation rates when all the domains in the behaviour change wheel model were addressed. © 2021 Copernicus GmbH. All rights reserved.
Motivational strategies to improve adherence to physical activity in breast cancer survivors : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Pudkasam, Supa, Feehan, Jack, Talevski, Jason, Vingrys, Kristina, Polman, Remco, Chinlumprasert, Nanthaphan, Stojanovska, Lily, Apostolopoulos, Vasso
- Authors: Pudkasam, Supa , Feehan, Jack , Talevski, Jason , Vingrys, Kristina , Polman, Remco , Chinlumprasert, Nanthaphan , Stojanovska, Lily , Apostolopoulos, Vasso
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Maturitas Vol. 152, no. (2021), p. 32-47
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Two behavioral change-based strategies for promoting adherence to physical activity (PA) suggested to have the greatest potential are the pedometer and Motivational Interviewing (MI). However, there are no comparisons between these two strategies identifying which one is more effective for improving PA adherence. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine which PA motivation strategy is more effective for promoting adherence to self-directed PA in female breast cancer survivors. Studies implementing self-directed PA which used a step tracker and/or MI for motivation in female breast cancer survivors were identified from the following databases at two timepoints, September 2019 and June 2020: CENTRAL, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Sportdiscuss. Sixteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected for data extraction, whereas ten RCTs were included in meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was performed on pooled data to estimate the standardized mean differences in PA duration and step count, and 95% confidence intervals. The number of participants meeting PA recommendations was also analyzed. Subgroup analysis was performed for three motivational strategies (pedometer combined with counselling, with print material or with motivational interviewing). Meta-analysis showed that pedometer combined with another intervention has a small effect on step count (p = 0.03) and a moderate effect on duration of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (p = <0.0001) compared to controls. Additionally, motivational strategies increase the number of participants who meet a PA goal (p = 0.005). The findings of this review endorse the use of a step tracker combined with counselling, print material or MI based on behavioral change theory. This approach provided the most consistent positive effect on adherence to self-directed PA among breast cancer survivors. Future studies should evaluate differences between measures of adherence to self-directed PA, to identify the best motivation strategy for improving patient adherence and health outcomes. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO Registration number CRD42020148542 © 2021
- Authors: Pudkasam, Supa , Feehan, Jack , Talevski, Jason , Vingrys, Kristina , Polman, Remco , Chinlumprasert, Nanthaphan , Stojanovska, Lily , Apostolopoulos, Vasso
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Maturitas Vol. 152, no. (2021), p. 32-47
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Two behavioral change-based strategies for promoting adherence to physical activity (PA) suggested to have the greatest potential are the pedometer and Motivational Interviewing (MI). However, there are no comparisons between these two strategies identifying which one is more effective for improving PA adherence. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine which PA motivation strategy is more effective for promoting adherence to self-directed PA in female breast cancer survivors. Studies implementing self-directed PA which used a step tracker and/or MI for motivation in female breast cancer survivors were identified from the following databases at two timepoints, September 2019 and June 2020: CENTRAL, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Sportdiscuss. Sixteen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected for data extraction, whereas ten RCTs were included in meta-analysis. Meta-analysis was performed on pooled data to estimate the standardized mean differences in PA duration and step count, and 95% confidence intervals. The number of participants meeting PA recommendations was also analyzed. Subgroup analysis was performed for three motivational strategies (pedometer combined with counselling, with print material or with motivational interviewing). Meta-analysis showed that pedometer combined with another intervention has a small effect on step count (p = 0.03) and a moderate effect on duration of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (p = <0.0001) compared to controls. Additionally, motivational strategies increase the number of participants who meet a PA goal (p = 0.005). The findings of this review endorse the use of a step tracker combined with counselling, print material or MI based on behavioral change theory. This approach provided the most consistent positive effect on adherence to self-directed PA among breast cancer survivors. Future studies should evaluate differences between measures of adherence to self-directed PA, to identify the best motivation strategy for improving patient adherence and health outcomes. Systematic review registration: PROSPERO Registration number CRD42020148542 © 2021