- Title
- Securing smart healthcare cyber-physical systems against blackhole and greyhole attacks using a blockchain-enabled gini index framework
- Creator
- Javed, Mannan; Tariq, Noshina; Ashraf, Muhammad; Khan, Farrukh; Asim, Muhammad; Imran, Muhammad
- Date
- 2023
- Type
- Text; Journal article
- Identifier
- http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/199102
- Identifier
- vital:19143
- Identifier
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/s23239372
- Identifier
- ISSN:1424-8220 (ISSN)
- Abstract
- The increasing reliance on cyber-physical systems (CPSs) in critical domains such as healthcare, smart grids, and intelligent transportation systems necessitates robust security measures to protect against cyber threats. Among these threats, blackhole and greyhole attacks pose significant risks to the availability and integrity of CPSs. The current detection and mitigation approaches often struggle to accurately differentiate between legitimate and malicious behavior, leading to ineffective protection. This paper introduces Gini-index and blockchain-based Blackhole/Greyhole RPL (GBG-RPL), a novel technique designed for efficient detection and mitigation of blackhole and greyhole attacks in smart health monitoring CPSs. GBG-RPL leverages the analytical prowess of the Gini index and the security advantages of blockchain technology to protect these systems against sophisticated threats. This research not only focuses on identifying anomalous activities but also proposes a resilient framework that ensures the integrity and reliability of the monitored data. GBG-RPL achieves notable improvements as compared to another state-of-the-art technique referred to as BCPS-RPL, including a 7.18% reduction in packet loss ratio, an 11.97% enhancement in residual energy utilization, and a 19.27% decrease in energy consumption. Its security features are also very effective, boasting a 10.65% improvement in attack-detection rate and an 18.88% faster average attack-detection time. GBG-RPL optimizes network management by exhibiting a 21.65% reduction in message overhead and a 28.34% decrease in end-to-end delay, thus showing its potential for enhanced reliability, efficiency, and security. © 2023 by the authors.
- Publisher
- Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
- Relation
- Sensors Vol. 23, no. 23 (2023), p.
- Rights
- All metadata describing materials held in, or linked to, the repository is freely available under a CC0 licence
- Rights
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Rights
- Copyright © 2023 by the authors
- Rights
- Open Access
- Subject
- 4008 Electrical engineering; 4009 Electronics, sensors and digital hardware; 4606 Distributed computing and systems software; Blackhole attacks; Blockchain; Cyber-physical systems; Fog; Gini index; Greyhole attacks; Smart healthcare system; Trust
- Full Text
- Reviewed
- Funder
- The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research and Innovation, Ministry of Education in Saudi Arabia for funding this research (IFKSUOR3-507).
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