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Juggling type 1 diabetes and pregnancy in rural Australia

- King, Rosemary, Wellard, Sally

Authors: King, Rosemary , Wellard, Sally
Date: 2009
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Midwifery Vol. 25, no. 2 (2009), p. 126-133
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Description: Objective: to explore the experiences of women with type 1 diabetes, living in rural Australia, while preparing for pregnancy and childbirth. Additionally, we aimed to describe the women's engagement with, and expectations of, health-care providers during this period, and subsequently highlight potential service and informational gaps. Design: qualitative research using a collective case-study design; seven women with type 1 diabetes who had given birth within the previous 12 months participated in in-depth interviews about their experiences of pregnancy and birth. Data were analysed thematically. Setting: The experience of type 1 diabetes, preconception preparation and pregnancy among rural Australian women was explored, including interactions with health professionals. Participants: seven women aged between 26 and 35 years agreed to be interviewed. The woman had one or two children and had given birth within the past 12 months. Findings: rigid narrow control of blood glucose levels before conception and during pregnancy created unfamiliar body responses for women, with hypoglycaemic symptoms disappearing or changing. For example, some women mentioned developing tunnel vision or numbness and tingling around their lips and tongue as different symptoms of hypoglycaemia. Women needed information and support to differentiate between what might be normal or abnormal bodily processes associated with pregnancy, diabetes, or both. The women's preparation for conception and pregnancy was reliant on the level of available expertise and advice. Participants' experiences were coloured by their limited access and interactions with expert health professionals. Conclusion: women with type 1 diabetes experienced significant hardship during their pregnancy, including a higher incidence of hypoglycaemic episodes, a loss of hypoglycaemic symptom recognition and weight gain. These difficulties were compounded by a scarcity of available information to support the management of their pregnancy and a lack of availability of experienced health professionals. Implications for practice: national and international consensus guidelines emphasise the importance of preconception and pregnancy care for women with type 1 diabetes. Close clinical supervision and the development of closer co-operation and partnership between the women and health-care providers before conception and during pregnancy may improve outcomes for these women and their babies. Building confidence in professional care requires increased access to specialist services, increased levels of demonstrated knowledge and expertise and better general community access to information about preparation for pregnancy and birth among women who have type 1 diabetes. Â© 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Girls and economics : An unlikely coupling

- Millmow, Alex, Bookallil, Cheryl

Authors: Millmow, Alex , Bookallil, Cheryl
Date: 2006
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Economic Papers Vol. 25, no. 3 (2006), p. 221-234
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Description: While total undergraduate enrolments at Australian universities are increasing, enrolments in Economics are falling--a source of alarm for economists. By appealing to females, economics could effectively tap into the largest sector (58%) of the undergraduate student population. This study suggests that gender is contributing to the falling enrolments. Males need the prospect of money to entice them to study more economics but females require a connection between studying economics and employment opportunities. Providing visible role models may be a practical step to encouraging more females to read economics. More concentration on 'feminising economics' in the undergraduate curricula could help women to believe that they have a contribution to make to the discipline.
Description: C1
Description: 2003001790

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Using a socioecological approach to examine participation in sport and physical activity among rural adolescent girls

- Casey, Meghan, Eime, Rochelle, Payne, Warren, Harvey, Jack

Authors: Casey, Meghan , Eime, Rochelle , Payne, Warren , Harvey, Jack
Date: 2009
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Qualitative Health Research Vol. 19, no. 7 (2009), p. 881-893
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Description: Adolescence is a critical time for developing lifelong healthy behaviors, including active lifestyles. Participation in sport and physical activity, however, declines during adolescence, and few studies have comprehensively identified why, particularly among rural girls. This article identifies a range of independent and interacting factors that influence sport and physical activity participation of rural adolescent girls. The socioecological model of health was used to guide four focus group discussions with Grade 7 girls (n = 34). The results showed that adolescent girls were positively influenced when sports or physical activities were fun, when they involved being with friends, and when they were supported by families and teachers through role modeling and positive feedback. A range of intrapersonal and organizational factors affected perceived self-competence, particularly the coeducational nature of school physical education classes and peer teasing, which supported social comparisons of skill level. In promoting sport and physical activity to rural adolescent girls, focus must be directed on developmentally appropriate activities that are fun, offering opportunities for single-sex classes, and generating cultural changes that encourage noncompetitive and self-referencing activities. Â© 2009 The Author(s).
Description: 2003008179

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The two tribes of 'The Econ': A study of economists and economic media commentary in Australia

- Millmow, Alex, Courvisanos, Jerry

Authors: Millmow, Alex , Courvisanos, Jerry
Date: 2007
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Economic Papers Vol. 26, no. 2 (2007), p. 101-117
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Description: This article analyses and speculates upon an interesting but unsettling development within the Australian economic profession. It argues that there is a schism within the profession when it comes to providing economic commentary to the media. We argue that only financial market economist voices dominate in the Australian media when it comes to commentary on current economic issues. This has implications for the acceptance of economic policy since these economists are apt to uphold the interests of their employer. In contrast, academic economists suffer from a lack of recognition and reach in the media, which biases the promulgation of economic policy options in the broader community. We present evidence showing that todays generation of academic economists, in contrast to previous generations, is becoming reticent on matters of public policy.
Description: C1
Description: 2003005184

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Analysis of design of pure ethanol engines

- Boretti, Alberto

Authors: Boretti, Alberto
Date: 2010
Type: Text , Conference paper
Relation: Paper presented at International Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting 2010, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil : 5th-7th May 2010 p. 1-13
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Description: Ethanol, unlike petroleum, is a renewable resource that can be produced from agricultural feed stocks. Ethanol fuel is widely used by flex-fuel light vehicles in Brazil and as oxygenate to gasoline in the United States. Ethanol can be blended with gasoline in varying quantities up to pure ethanol (E100), and most modern gasoline engines well operate with mixtures of 10% ethanol (E10). E100 consumption in an engine is higher than for gasoline since the energy per unit volume of ethanol is lower than for gasoline. The higher octane number of ethanol may possibly allow increased power output and better fuel economy of pure ethanol engines vs. flexi-fuel engines. High compression ratio ethanol only vehicles possibly will have fuel efficiency equal to or greater than current gasoline engines. The paper explores the impact some advanced technologies, namely downsizing, turbo charging, liquid charge cooling, high pressure direct injection, variable valve actuation may have on performance and emission of a pure ethanol engine. Results of simulations are described in details providing guidelines for development of new dedicated engines.

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The lean burn direct injection jet ignition gas engine

- Boretti, Alberto, Watson, Harry

Authors: Boretti, Alberto , Watson, Harry
Date: 2009
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: International Journal of Hydrogen Energy Vol. 34, no. 18 (2009), p. 7835-7841
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Description: This paper presents a new in-cylinder mixture preparation and ignition system for various fuels including hydrogen, methane and propane. The system comprises a centrally located direct injection (DI) injector and a jet ignition (JI) device for combustion of the main chamber (MC) mixture. The fuel is injected in the MC with a new generation, fast actuating, high pressure, high flow rate DI injector capable of injection shaping and multiple events. This injector produces a bulk, lean stratified mixture. The JI system uses a second DI injector to inject a small amount of fuel in a small pre-chamber (PC). In the spark ignition (SI) version, a spark plug then ignites a slightly rich mixture. In the auto ignition version, a DI injector injects a small amount of higher pressure fuel in the small PC having a hot glow plug (GP) surface, and the fuel auto ignites in the hot air or when in contact with the hot surface. Either way the MC mixture is then bulk ignited through multiple jets of hot reacting gases. Bulk ignition of the lean, jet controlled, stratified MC mixture resulting from coupling DI with JI makes it possible to burn MC mixtures with fuel to air equivalence ratios reducing almost to zero for a throttle-less control of load diesel-like and high efficiencies over almost the full range of loads. Â© 2009 Professor T. Nejat Veziroglu.

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Varieties of abelian topological groups and scattered spaces

- McPhail, Carolyn, Morris, Sidney

Authors: McPhail, Carolyn , Morris, Sidney
Date: 2008
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society Vol. 78, no. 3 (Dec 2008), p. 487-495
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Description: The variety of topological groups generated by the class of all abelian k(omega)-groups has been shown to equal the variety of topological groups generated by the free abelian topological group on [0, 1]. In this paper it is proved that the free abelian topological group on a compact Hausdorff space X generates the same variety if and only if X is not scattered.

The paradoxes of history in Crew and Woolman's 'Tagged' and Crew and Tan's 'Memorial'

- Mills, Alice

Authors: Mills, Alice
Date: 2002
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Rethinking History Vol. 6, no. 3 (Win 2002), p. 331-343
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Description: The publication of two illustrated books with verbal text by the Australian writer Gary Crew provides an opportunity to compare the presentation of war memories in picture story book and graphic novel format. Gary Crew and Shaun Tan's Memorial (1999) is a thought-provoking picture story book while Crew and Steven Woolman's Tagged (1997) is an idiosyncratic graphic novel. The picture story book illustrations depict the commemorative tree as more real, more present than the books' human beings. The verbal text asserts that memory will live on through generations of the war veterans' family, as in the tree, but the illustrations of the cutting down of the tree and the verbal text revealing a veteran's self-censorship reveal these claims to be at best tenuous, at worst, false. Nevertheless, despite the current town council's disrespect for the commemorative tree, the Anzac Day ceremony remains a socially sanctioned rite of remembering war. The illustrations to Tagged represent a war veteran's confused mind and his compulsive reliving of his past as confusing visual images with a lack of clear cues for the reader's eye to follow, as the boy observer moves more deeply into the labyrinthine building where the man hides. While Memorial's war memorials are complete, public, in good condition and easily accessible, the bewildering passages and openings of Tagged's building suggest the man's stuck memories, the boy's problems with interpreting war images and also a society's not altogether successful attempt to repress collective acknowledgement of its war past. In contrast with Memorial, Tagged is a memorial to the unknown soldier, offering a different kind of historical truth to any officials, public, empty tomb.
Description: 2003000178

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Tradition versus change : Evaluating the currency of some traditional chinese values in today's business environment

- Willis, Mike

Authors: Willis, Mike
Date: 2009
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Journal of Global Marketing Vol. 22, no. 1 (2009), p. 67-89
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Description: Is tradition dead in China?or, at least, are traditional values dead in a China that has moved progressively into a globalized society and market orientation? This is the question raised in this paper, which assessed how a range of traditional values were conceptualized by a younger generation of Chinese managers who now live and work in a variety of worldsglobal, local, international, and traditional. What was found that traditional values still remained used and relevant in China, but they had now tended to develop a harder and more westernized edgesharper, tougher, and more ruthless. Values that were once intuitive and almost innate now tended to be measured and compartmentalized. For example, the value of faceas a traditional valuewas still important but was now more than likely a value to be treated as an almost measurable aspect of behavior.
Description: 2003006212

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Automatically generating classifier for phishing email prediction

- Ma, Liping, Torney, Rosemary, Watters, Paul, Brown, Simon

Authors: Ma, Liping , Torney, Rosemary , Watters, Paul , Brown, Simon
Date: 2009
Type: Text , Conference paper
Relation: Paper presented at I-SPAN 2009 - The 10th International Symposium on Pervasive Systems, Algorithms, and Networks, Kaohsiung, Taiwan : 14th-16th December 2009 p. 779-783
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Description: Phishing is a form of online identity theft that employs both social engineering and technical subterfuge to steal consumers' personal identity data and financial account credentials. Phishing email prediction has drawn a lot of attention from many researchers. According to current anti-phishing research, a classifier generated by decision tree produces the most accurate predictions. However, there appears not to be any open source available to transfer such a decision to an implementable classifier. The work presented in this paper builds a decision tree parser which automatically translates a decision tree into an implementable program language so that the decision is useful in real world applications. Experiment results show that the parser performs as well as the original decision. Â© 2009 IEEE.
Description: 2003007989

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A new procedure to help system/network administrators identify multiple rootkit infections

- Lobo, Desmond, Watters, Paul, Wu, Xinwen

Authors: Lobo, Desmond , Watters, Paul , Wu, Xinwen
Date: 2010
Type: Text , Conference paper
Relation: Paper presented at 2nd International Conference on Communication Software and Networks, ICCSN 2010, Singapore : 26th-28th February 2010 p. 124-128
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Description: Rootkits refer to software that is used to hide the presence of malware from system/network administrators and permit an attacker to take control of a computer. In our previous work, we designed a system that would categorize rootkits based on the hooks that had been created. Focusing on rootkits that use inline function hooking techniques, we showed that our system could successfully categorize a sample of rootkits using unsupervised EM clustering. In this paper, we extend our previous work by outlining a new procedure to help system/network administrators identify the rootkits that have infected their machines. Using a logistic regression model for profiling families of rootkits, we were able to identify at least one of the rootkits that had infected each of the systems that we tested. © 2010 IEEE.
Description: Rootkits refer to software that is used to hide the presence of malware from system/network administrators and permit an attacker to take control of a computer. In our previous work, we designed a system that would categorize rootkits based on the hooks that had been created. Focusing on rootkits that use inline function hooking techniques, we showed that our system could successfully categorize a sample of rootkits using unsupervised EM clustering. In this paper, we extend our previous work by outlining a new procedure to help system/network administrators identify the rootkits that have infected their machines. Using a logistic regression model for profiling families of rootkits, we were able to identify at least one of the rootkits that had infected each of the systems that we tested. Â© 2010 IEEE.

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The development of 'expert-ness': Rural practitioners and role boundaries

- Gregory, Raeleene, Green, Rosemary, McLaren, Suzanne

Authors: Gregory, Raeleene , Green, Rosemary , McLaren, Suzanne
Date: 2007
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Rural Social Work and Community Practice Vol. 12, no. 2 (2007), p. 16-21
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Description: Health and welfare practitioners have reported challenges in their personal and professional lives brought about by the realities of dual and multiple relationships in small communities. This paper reports the findings of a qualitative grounded theory study of 70 such practitioners living and working in rural Victoria. Australia, with regard to the development of worker expertise in dealing with personal and professional role boundary issues. The research findings suggested that this group of rural health and welfare practitioners dealt with personal and professional boundary issues through a process of sensitive decision-making and strategic behaviour that became increasingly intuitive over time. Participants oftern adopted elastic and fluid boundaries using their personal experience and local knowledge to inform their professional judgement. These findings have implications for practitioners, for employers, and for educators.
Description: C1
Description: 2003005777

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Age-specific parental knowledge of restraint transitions influences appropriateness of child occupant restraint use

- Bilston, Lynne, Finch, Caroline, Hatfield, Julie, Brown, Jill

Authors: Bilston, Lynne , Finch, Caroline , Hatfield, Julie , Brown, Jill
Date: 2008
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Injury Prevention Vol. 14, no. 3 (2008), p. 159-163
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Description: Objective: To determine the factors that influence appropriate restraint usage by child occupants across the age range for which any type of child restraint may be appropriate (0-10 years). Design: Randomized household telephone survey. Setting: Statewide survey, New South Wales, Australia. Subjects: Parents or carers of children aged 0-10 years. Main outcome measures: Parental reporting of appropriateness of child restraint. Methods: Demographic information and data on age, size, restraint practices, parental knowledge of child occupant safety, and attitude to restraint use was collected using a structured interview. Data were analysed using logistic regression after cluster adjustment. Results: Inappropriate restraint use by children was widespread, particularly in children aged 2+ years. Overall, parental knowledge of appropriate ages for restraint transitions was associated with increased likelihood of appropriate restraint use. Lower levels of formal parental education, larger families, parental restraint non-use, and parent/child negotiability of restraint use were predictors of inappropriate restraint use. For particular child age subgroups, the parental knowledge that predicted appropriate restraint use was specific to that age group. Most parents felt that they knew enough to safely restrain their child, despite widespread inappropriate restraint use. Conclusions: Parents are more likely to make appropriate restraint choices for their children if they possess restraint knowledge specific to their children's age and size. Educational campaigns may be most effective when they provide information for specific ages and transition points. Strategies to overcome parents' misplaced confidence that they know enough to restrain their children safely are also indicated.
Description: C1

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Informal learning : A discussion around defining and researching its breadth and importance

- Golding, Barry, Brown, Michael, Foley, Annette

Authors: Golding, Barry , Brown, Michael , Foley, Annette
Date: 2009
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Australian Journal of Adult Learning Vol. 49, no. 1 (2009), p. 34-56
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Description: Informal learning has often been seen as formal learning's 'poor cousin'. Our paper explores and discusses new and different ways of thinking about defining, valuing and researching the breadth and importance of informal learning in diverse national and cultural contexts. This includes a consideration of the power relations that can act to devalue informal learning. It is underpinned by a recognition that not only do a relatively small proportion of adults currently engage informal learning, but those who do tend already to be dedicated and successful lifelong learners. It leads to a discussion about how informal learning might be framed as part of the solution to adult exclusion, seen to be aggravated by unnecessary adult educational hierarchies, accreditation, assessment and formality.

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Declining melatonin levels and older people. How old is old?

- Graham, D., McLachlan, Angus

Authors: Graham, D. , McLachlan, Angus
Date: 2004
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Neuroendocrinology Letters Vol. 25, no. 6 (2004), p. 415-418
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Description: Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether melatonin levels in older cohorts within the 'aged' population were significantly lower than in younger 'aged' individuals and hence point to a possible confound in cross-sectional studies which group individuals over 55 in one category. Setting and design: Melatonin levels of 35 North Queensland residents over 55 years of age living in an aged-care facility, a retirement village or the general community were compared across three age groups. Methods: Subjects were ten 56-65 year olds, eighteen 66-75 year olds and seven over-75 year olds. Information was obtained on sleep, awakening, medical conditions and medications, with subsequent exclusion of those with known medical conditions and/or medications. Melatonin was collected by salivary samples at 2200 hours and concentrations were determined by immunoassay. Results: Mean melatonin levels were significantly lower (p=.03) in the 'oldest' (over 75 yrs) group compared to the 'youngest' (56-65 yrs) group. Main findings: The results of this preliminary study indicate that within the older population, melatonin levels appear to decline significantly with age. Conclusions: Future studies of melatonin and ageing may benefit from a longitudinal approach, with older subjects sampled across time. Copyright © Neuroendocrinology Letters.
Description: C1

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Stabilising volume change characteristics of expansive soils using electrokinetics : A laboratory based investigation

- Jayasekera, Samudra

Authors: Jayasekera, Samudra
Date: 2007
Type: Text , Conference paper
Relation: Paper presented at Sri Lankan Geotechnical Society's First International Conference, Colombo, Sri Lanka : 5th-11th August 2007
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Description: The objective of this project was to investigate the potential of electrokinetic treatment techniques to stabilise volume change characteristics of expansive soils. The investigations were carried out in the laboratory using locally collected expansive soils from three locations in central Victoria, Australia. A layer of soil was placed in glass tanks (900 mm x 350mm plan area) and compacted to a known density and water content typical of field conditions. Using electrodes inserted into the soil, a direct current was passed across the soil under different voltage gradients of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 V/cm for periods of 3, 5, 7, 10 and 14 days. After electrokinetic processing, soil were tested for volume change properties using soil reactivity indicators such as consistency limits, linear shrinkage, free swell index and shrink-swell index. The test results show that with electrokinetic treatments, the volume change potentials of the experimental soils reduced to a greater or lesser degree depending on the magnitude of the voltage gradient and processing time. Under certain voltage gradients and treatment durations, some experimental soils transformed from extremely reactive status to a slightly or almost non-reactive status. The experimental results suggest the potential of developing electrokinetic treatment technique to stabilise volume change properties of expansive soils effectively and efficiently.
Description: 2003005481

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A surrogate model for interference prevention in the limaçon-to-limaçon machines

- Sultan, Ibrahim

Authors: Sultan, Ibrahim
Date: 2007
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Engineering Computations (Swansea, Wales) Vol. 24, no. 5 (2007), p. 437-449
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Description: Purpose - This paper aims to replace the complicated iterative procedure used to prevent interference in limacon-to-limacon machines by a simplified mathematical equation which can be solved by a straightforward substitution of the required clearance value. Design/methodology/approach - The input data to the iterative procedure and the obtained results have been employed in regression models to construct the sought after equation. Searching for a proper form of this equation involved numerical experiments to study the effects of the various model parameters on the system response. Findings - The numerical experiments conducted proved to be an effective model construction technique, and the regression model proposed has been found extremely accurate in the specified parameter space. Research limitations/implications - The proposed equation is applicable within the parameter range chosen for the study. This range is the one often used for industrial applications. Should the parameters selected for a specific design fall outside the specified range, the proposed model structure may have to be varied to maintain a desirable level of accuracy. Practical implications - The interference study is a part of the iterative procedure employed to design the dimensions of the limaçon-to-limaçon machine. This iterative procedure searches for the proper design amongst hundreds of various possible solutions. The results of this paper will ensure a much faster convergence for the design procedure, since the interference study will be eliminated from the iterative section of the analysis. Originality/value - The paper offers a valid and accurate model that can be efficiently used for the intended purpose. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
Description: C1
Description: 2003004799

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