Distribution of modern diatom assemblages among small playas
- Boggs, D. A., Gell, Peter, Eliot, I., Knott, B.
- Authors: Boggs, D. A. , Gell, Peter , Eliot, I. , Knott, B.
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Botany Vol. 56, no. 2 (2008), p. 131-143
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Diatom diversity of six small playa lakes within the Yarra Yarra drainage system, Western Australia, and the environmental variables likely to influence their distribution was investigated. Thirty-one pennate diatom taxa were identified. Taxa consisted of facultative planktonic and periphytic, circumneutral to alkaliphilous or pH-indifferent forms with known adaptations to saline conditions and fluctuations in salinity in NaCl dominated waters. Data were analysed by ordination (MDS and PCA), hierarchical clustering (CLUSTER), permutation-based hypothesis testing (ANOSIM) and comparative tests on similarity matrices (RELATE). Water depth accounted for the majority of variation in the environmental data. REALTE comparisons of environmental and taxa data did not produce a significant correlation value. We propose that the poor concurrence of the datasets was influenced by the wide ecological tolerances of the taxa recorded, some crucial unmeasured environmental variable/s, possible geographical regionalisation and/or unsampled taxa variability owing to the stochastic nature of the wetlands. Broad patterns of distribution were related to hydroperiod and some taxa groups were loosely associated with environmental groups consistent with established ecological tolerances for the taxa. © CSIRO 2008.
- Description: C1
- Authors: Boggs, D. A. , Gell, Peter , Eliot, I. , Knott, B.
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Botany Vol. 56, no. 2 (2008), p. 131-143
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Diatom diversity of six small playa lakes within the Yarra Yarra drainage system, Western Australia, and the environmental variables likely to influence their distribution was investigated. Thirty-one pennate diatom taxa were identified. Taxa consisted of facultative planktonic and periphytic, circumneutral to alkaliphilous or pH-indifferent forms with known adaptations to saline conditions and fluctuations in salinity in NaCl dominated waters. Data were analysed by ordination (MDS and PCA), hierarchical clustering (CLUSTER), permutation-based hypothesis testing (ANOSIM) and comparative tests on similarity matrices (RELATE). Water depth accounted for the majority of variation in the environmental data. REALTE comparisons of environmental and taxa data did not produce a significant correlation value. We propose that the poor concurrence of the datasets was influenced by the wide ecological tolerances of the taxa recorded, some crucial unmeasured environmental variable/s, possible geographical regionalisation and/or unsampled taxa variability owing to the stochastic nature of the wetlands. Broad patterns of distribution were related to hydroperiod and some taxa groups were loosely associated with environmental groups consistent with established ecological tolerances for the taxa. © CSIRO 2008.
- Description: C1
Flowering, fruiting, germination and seed despersal of the newly emerging weed Solanum mauritianum Scop. (solanaceae) in the wet tropics of north Queensland
- Florentine, Singarayer, Westbrooke, Martin, Craig, M.
- Authors: Florentine, Singarayer , Westbrooke, Martin , Craig, M.
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Plant Protection Quarterly Vol. 18, no. 3 (2003), p. 116-120
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Solanum mauritianum (wild tobacco) has recently become a weed of major concern in some agricultural production areas, and tropical rainforest restoration sites, of the Atherton Tablelands, north Queensland. Until recently, little was known about the ecology of this species. A study was conducted to examine: Ii) the flowering, fruiting pattern, (ii) seed germination pattern, (iii) density of soil stored seed bank, and (iv) potential avian seed dispersers of S. mauritianum. Flowering and fruiting patterns were studied on-randomly selected plants within the study site over a period of 35 days. A germination study was performed on green (unripe) and yellow (ripe) fruits with seeds from green fruits germinating faster than seeds collected from yellow fruits. The density of genninable seeds in the soil seed bank was determined from 94 samples collected beneath the canopy of 24 randomly selected S. mauritianum plants. Of seedlings Ihat germinated, 73% were S. mauritianum and seedling density of S. mauritiallum averaged 16 000 seedlings per hectare. To determine the role of birds in the dispersal of S. mauritianum seeds, observations were made of all birds visiting eleven fruit-bearing plants. To examine the bird's excrement, birds were captured in mist-nets, their excrement collected and any seeds present identified. A total of 340 seeds from 15 plant species were obtained. Four tropical rainforest birds (Australian king parrots (
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000548
- Authors: Florentine, Singarayer , Westbrooke, Martin , Craig, M.
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Plant Protection Quarterly Vol. 18, no. 3 (2003), p. 116-120
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Solanum mauritianum (wild tobacco) has recently become a weed of major concern in some agricultural production areas, and tropical rainforest restoration sites, of the Atherton Tablelands, north Queensland. Until recently, little was known about the ecology of this species. A study was conducted to examine: Ii) the flowering, fruiting pattern, (ii) seed germination pattern, (iii) density of soil stored seed bank, and (iv) potential avian seed dispersers of S. mauritianum. Flowering and fruiting patterns were studied on-randomly selected plants within the study site over a period of 35 days. A germination study was performed on green (unripe) and yellow (ripe) fruits with seeds from green fruits germinating faster than seeds collected from yellow fruits. The density of genninable seeds in the soil seed bank was determined from 94 samples collected beneath the canopy of 24 randomly selected S. mauritianum plants. Of seedlings Ihat germinated, 73% were S. mauritianum and seedling density of S. mauritiallum averaged 16 000 seedlings per hectare. To determine the role of birds in the dispersal of S. mauritianum seeds, observations were made of all birds visiting eleven fruit-bearing plants. To examine the bird's excrement, birds were captured in mist-nets, their excrement collected and any seeds present identified. A total of 340 seeds from 15 plant species were obtained. Four tropical rainforest birds (Australian king parrots (
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000548
Allelopathic potential of the newly emerging weed solanum mauritianum Scop. (solanaceae) in the wet tropics of north-east Queensland
- Florentine, Singarayer, Westbrooke, Martin
- Authors: Florentine, Singarayer , Westbrooke, Martin
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Plant Protection Quarterly Vol. 18, no. 1 (2003), p. 23-25
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Solanum mauritianum
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003004172
- Authors: Florentine, Singarayer , Westbrooke, Martin
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Plant Protection Quarterly Vol. 18, no. 1 (2003), p. 23-25
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Solanum mauritianum
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003004172
Assessment of error sources in measurements of field pH : Effect of operator experience, test kit differences, and time-of-day
- Robinson, Nathan, Norng, Sorn, Rees, David, Benke, Kurt, Davey, Michelle
- Authors: Robinson, Nathan , Norng, Sorn , Rees, David , Benke, Kurt , Davey, Michelle
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis Vol. 49, no. 3 (2018), p. 269-285
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Various methods exist to measure soil pH, and while there is general agreement between the existing published laboratory and field-based methods, the latter are subject to uncertainties including test kit reliability, accuracy, precision, and environmental factors. The contribution of this study is to quantify three uncertainties that affect the conversion between field pH and laboratory pH measurements, namely operator experience, choice of test kit, and the time-of-day for measurement. Soil samples from western Victoria, representing the pH range 4.5–10.0, were used in a randomized complete block design with 10 assessors split into two groups representing experienced and inexperienced users. Statistical analysis of laboratory and field pH was based on using the Maximum Likelihood Functional Relationship (MLFR) to determine if there was any bias between the two methods. Significant differences were found between experienced and inexperienced users, and between test kits. © 2017 Taylor & Francis.
- Authors: Robinson, Nathan , Norng, Sorn , Rees, David , Benke, Kurt , Davey, Michelle
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis Vol. 49, no. 3 (2018), p. 269-285
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Various methods exist to measure soil pH, and while there is general agreement between the existing published laboratory and field-based methods, the latter are subject to uncertainties including test kit reliability, accuracy, precision, and environmental factors. The contribution of this study is to quantify three uncertainties that affect the conversion between field pH and laboratory pH measurements, namely operator experience, choice of test kit, and the time-of-day for measurement. Soil samples from western Victoria, representing the pH range 4.5–10.0, were used in a randomized complete block design with 10 assessors split into two groups representing experienced and inexperienced users. Statistical analysis of laboratory and field pH was based on using the Maximum Likelihood Functional Relationship (MLFR) to determine if there was any bias between the two methods. Significant differences were found between experienced and inexperienced users, and between test kits. © 2017 Taylor & Francis.
Antimicrobial activity of extracts from native plants of temperate Australia
- Wigmore, Sarah, Naiker, Mani, Bean, David
- Authors: Wigmore, Sarah , Naiker, Mani , Bean, David
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Pharmacognosy Communications Vol. 6, no. 2 (2016), p. 80-84
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Introduction: Significant effort has been invested in looking at the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts from tropical regions of Australia, with less interest in those from more temperate environments. We sought to redress this imbalance by examining antimicrobial activities of extracts from native plants of Victoria. Methods: Sixteen plant samples were obtained around the Ballarat region of Victoria. Plant material was desiccated, ground and extracted with methanol at room temperature. Methanol extracts were subsequently dissolved in water, filtered and freeze dried. Extracts were dissolved in water and their activity determined against eight bacterial species. Plant extracts that showed appreciable antibacterial activity in the initial antimicrobial screen were examined further with both their MICs and MBCs determined. Results: Ten of the sixteen plant extracts showed antimicrobial activity. Extracts of Eucalyptus, Melaleuca, Prostanthera and Westringia were particularly active with MICs as low as 0.25 mg/ml against organisms including P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Conclusion: The current study demonstrates the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts from temperate Australia. These may serve as precursors for future chemotherapy agents.
- Authors: Wigmore, Sarah , Naiker, Mani , Bean, David
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Pharmacognosy Communications Vol. 6, no. 2 (2016), p. 80-84
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Introduction: Significant effort has been invested in looking at the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts from tropical regions of Australia, with less interest in those from more temperate environments. We sought to redress this imbalance by examining antimicrobial activities of extracts from native plants of Victoria. Methods: Sixteen plant samples were obtained around the Ballarat region of Victoria. Plant material was desiccated, ground and extracted with methanol at room temperature. Methanol extracts were subsequently dissolved in water, filtered and freeze dried. Extracts were dissolved in water and their activity determined against eight bacterial species. Plant extracts that showed appreciable antibacterial activity in the initial antimicrobial screen were examined further with both their MICs and MBCs determined. Results: Ten of the sixteen plant extracts showed antimicrobial activity. Extracts of Eucalyptus, Melaleuca, Prostanthera and Westringia were particularly active with MICs as low as 0.25 mg/ml against organisms including P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Conclusion: The current study demonstrates the antimicrobial activity of plant extracts from temperate Australia. These may serve as precursors for future chemotherapy agents.
Pendressia, nom. nov. (Monimiaceae), a new generic name for Wilkiea wardellii from north-east Queensland
- Ford, Andrew, Whiffin, Trevor
- Authors: Ford, Andrew , Whiffin, Trevor
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Telopea Vol. 21, no. (2018), p. 147-151
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The new generic name Pendressia Whiffin is proposed to replace the name Endressia Whiffin (Monimiaceae) which is illegitimate, being a later homonym of Endressia J.Gay (Apiaceae). The new combination Pendressia wardellii (F.Muell.) Whiffin is proposed for Wilkiea wardellii, and descriptions of both the genus and species are provided. The distinctiveness and relationships of Pendressia are discussed, and notes on habitat and distribution of the species are provided.
- Authors: Ford, Andrew , Whiffin, Trevor
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Telopea Vol. 21, no. (2018), p. 147-151
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The new generic name Pendressia Whiffin is proposed to replace the name Endressia Whiffin (Monimiaceae) which is illegitimate, being a later homonym of Endressia J.Gay (Apiaceae). The new combination Pendressia wardellii (F.Muell.) Whiffin is proposed for Wilkiea wardellii, and descriptions of both the genus and species are provided. The distinctiveness and relationships of Pendressia are discussed, and notes on habitat and distribution of the species are provided.
Emerging challenges and opportunities for education and research in weed science
- Chauhan, Bhagirath, Matloob, Amar, Mahajan, Gulshan, Aslam, Farhena, Florentine, Singarayer, Jha, Prashant
- Authors: Chauhan, Bhagirath , Matloob, Amar , Mahajan, Gulshan , Aslam, Farhena , Florentine, Singarayer , Jha, Prashant
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Frontiers in Plant Science Vol. 8, no. (2017), p. 1-13
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: In modern agriculture, with more emphasis on high input systems, weed problems are likely to increase and become more complex. With heightened awareness of adverse effects of herbicide residues on human health and environment and the evolution of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes, a significant focus within weed science has now shifted to the development of eco-friendly technologies with reduced reliance on herbicides. Further, with the large-scale adoption of herbicide-resistant crops, and uncertain climatic optima under climate change, the problems for weed science have become multi-faceted. To handle these complex weed problems, a holistic line of action with multi-disciplinary approaches is required, including adjustments to technology, management practices, and legislation. Improved knowledge of weed ecology, biology, genetics, and molecular biology is essential for developing sustainable weed control practices. Additionally, judicious use of advanced technologies, such as site-specific weed management systems and decision support modeling, will play a significant role in reducing costs associated with weed control. Further, effective linkages between farmers and weed researchers will be necessary to facilitate the adoption of technological developments. To meet these challenges, priorities in research need to be determined and the education system for weed science needs to be reoriented. In respect of the latter imperative, closer collaboration between weed scientists and other disciplines can help in defining and solving the complex weed management challenges of the 21st century. This consensus will provide more versatile and diverse approaches to innovative teaching and training practices, which will be needed to prepare future weed science graduates who are capable of handling the anticipated challenges of weed science facing in contemporary agriculture. To build this capacity, mobilizing additional funding for both weed research and weed management education is essential. © 2017 Chauhan, Matloob, Mahajan, Aslam, Florentine and Jha.
- Authors: Chauhan, Bhagirath , Matloob, Amar , Mahajan, Gulshan , Aslam, Farhena , Florentine, Singarayer , Jha, Prashant
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Frontiers in Plant Science Vol. 8, no. (2017), p. 1-13
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: In modern agriculture, with more emphasis on high input systems, weed problems are likely to increase and become more complex. With heightened awareness of adverse effects of herbicide residues on human health and environment and the evolution of herbicide-resistant weed biotypes, a significant focus within weed science has now shifted to the development of eco-friendly technologies with reduced reliance on herbicides. Further, with the large-scale adoption of herbicide-resistant crops, and uncertain climatic optima under climate change, the problems for weed science have become multi-faceted. To handle these complex weed problems, a holistic line of action with multi-disciplinary approaches is required, including adjustments to technology, management practices, and legislation. Improved knowledge of weed ecology, biology, genetics, and molecular biology is essential for developing sustainable weed control practices. Additionally, judicious use of advanced technologies, such as site-specific weed management systems and decision support modeling, will play a significant role in reducing costs associated with weed control. Further, effective linkages between farmers and weed researchers will be necessary to facilitate the adoption of technological developments. To meet these challenges, priorities in research need to be determined and the education system for weed science needs to be reoriented. In respect of the latter imperative, closer collaboration between weed scientists and other disciplines can help in defining and solving the complex weed management challenges of the 21st century. This consensus will provide more versatile and diverse approaches to innovative teaching and training practices, which will be needed to prepare future weed science graduates who are capable of handling the anticipated challenges of weed science facing in contemporary agriculture. To build this capacity, mobilizing additional funding for both weed research and weed management education is essential. © 2017 Chauhan, Matloob, Mahajan, Aslam, Florentine and Jha.
Cultivation of low tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Cannabis sativa L. cultivation in Victoria, Australia: Do we know enough?
- Humphries, Talia, Florentine, Singarayer
- Authors: Humphries, Talia , Florentine, Singarayer
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Crop Science Vol. 13, no. 6 (2019), p. 911-919
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Late 2017, the ban on the cultivation and consumption of low tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Cannabis sativa L. in Victoria, was lifted by the Federal Government of Australia. Its legalization presents the opportunity for Victoria to become a leading producer and distributer of these economically valuable hemp products. However, as a novel crop to Victoria, there is little information available for obtaining economically viable yields. Therefore, the objectives of this review were to firstly, develop an understanding of the environmental requirements shared by C. sativa cultivars, and what conditions promote fibre and grain yields. Secondly, it seeks to identify what farming practices have been conducted throughout Europe, Canada and China, and to explore whether these practices could be adapted to Victoria. Thirdly, the review will assist in making recommendations regarding which cultivars would be 'potential' candidates for commencing trials under Victorian climates so to find out the varieties that can provide high yields for fibre, grain and dual-purpose production. This review notes that Victoria shares a similar climate to central Europe, and has an ideal climate for the development of a successful hemp industry, as it has suitable lengths of daylight throughout spring and summer months and meets the precipitation requirements. This review has thus strongly suggested that the properties and attributes of European varieties of C. sativa should be further researched for site-specific cultivation in Victoria for fibre, grain and dual-purpose production in order to maximise harvest yields. © 2007-2019 Southern Cross Publishing-Australia.
- Authors: Humphries, Talia , Florentine, Singarayer
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Crop Science Vol. 13, no. 6 (2019), p. 911-919
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Late 2017, the ban on the cultivation and consumption of low tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) Cannabis sativa L. in Victoria, was lifted by the Federal Government of Australia. Its legalization presents the opportunity for Victoria to become a leading producer and distributer of these economically valuable hemp products. However, as a novel crop to Victoria, there is little information available for obtaining economically viable yields. Therefore, the objectives of this review were to firstly, develop an understanding of the environmental requirements shared by C. sativa cultivars, and what conditions promote fibre and grain yields. Secondly, it seeks to identify what farming practices have been conducted throughout Europe, Canada and China, and to explore whether these practices could be adapted to Victoria. Thirdly, the review will assist in making recommendations regarding which cultivars would be 'potential' candidates for commencing trials under Victorian climates so to find out the varieties that can provide high yields for fibre, grain and dual-purpose production. This review notes that Victoria shares a similar climate to central Europe, and has an ideal climate for the development of a successful hemp industry, as it has suitable lengths of daylight throughout spring and summer months and meets the precipitation requirements. This review has thus strongly suggested that the properties and attributes of European varieties of C. sativa should be further researched for site-specific cultivation in Victoria for fibre, grain and dual-purpose production in order to maximise harvest yields. © 2007-2019 Southern Cross Publishing-Australia.
The risk-takers and -avoiders : germination sensitivity to water stress in an arid zone with unpredictable rainfall
- Duncan, Corrine, Schultz, Nick, Good, Megan, Lewandrowski, Wolfgang, Cook, Simon
- Authors: Duncan, Corrine , Schultz, Nick , Good, Megan , Lewandrowski, Wolfgang , Cook, Simon
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: AoB PLANTS Vol. 11, no. 6 (2019), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Water availability is a critical driver of population dynamics in arid zones, and plant recruitment is typically episodic in response to rainfall. Understanding species' germination thresholds is key for conservation and restoration initiatives. Thus, we investigated the role of water availability in the germination traits of keystone species in an arid ecosystem with stochastic rainfall. We measured seed germination responses of five arid species, along gradients of temperature and water potential under controlled laboratory conditions. We then identified the cardinal temperatures and base water potentials for seed germination, and applied the hydrotime model to assess germination responses to water stress. Optimum temperatures for germination ranged from 15 to 31 °C under saturated conditions (0 MPa), and three species had low minimum temperatures for germination (<3 °C). A small proportion of seeds of all species germinated under dry conditions (ψ ≤ -1 MPa), although base water potential for germination (ψb50) ranged from -0.61 to -0.79 MPa. Species adhered to one of two germination traits: (i) the risk-takers which require less moisture availability for germination, and which can germinate over a wider range of temperatures irrespective of water availability (Casuarina pauper and Maireana pyramidata), and (ii) the risk-avoiders which have greater moisture requirements, a preference for cold climate germination, and narrower temperature ranges for germination when water availability is low (Atriplex rhagodioides, Maireana sedifolia and Hakea leucoptera). High seed longevity under physiological stress in H. leucoptera, combined with a risk-avoiding strategy, allows bet-hedging. The hydrotime model predicted lower base water potentials for germination than observed by the data, further supporting our assertion that these species have particular adaptations to avoid germination during drought. This study provides insights into the complex physiological responses of seeds to environmental stress, and relates seed germination traits to community dynamics and restoration in arid zones. © 2019 The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company.
- Authors: Duncan, Corrine , Schultz, Nick , Good, Megan , Lewandrowski, Wolfgang , Cook, Simon
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: AoB PLANTS Vol. 11, no. 6 (2019), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Water availability is a critical driver of population dynamics in arid zones, and plant recruitment is typically episodic in response to rainfall. Understanding species' germination thresholds is key for conservation and restoration initiatives. Thus, we investigated the role of water availability in the germination traits of keystone species in an arid ecosystem with stochastic rainfall. We measured seed germination responses of five arid species, along gradients of temperature and water potential under controlled laboratory conditions. We then identified the cardinal temperatures and base water potentials for seed germination, and applied the hydrotime model to assess germination responses to water stress. Optimum temperatures for germination ranged from 15 to 31 °C under saturated conditions (0 MPa), and three species had low minimum temperatures for germination (<3 °C). A small proportion of seeds of all species germinated under dry conditions (ψ ≤ -1 MPa), although base water potential for germination (ψb50) ranged from -0.61 to -0.79 MPa. Species adhered to one of two germination traits: (i) the risk-takers which require less moisture availability for germination, and which can germinate over a wider range of temperatures irrespective of water availability (Casuarina pauper and Maireana pyramidata), and (ii) the risk-avoiders which have greater moisture requirements, a preference for cold climate germination, and narrower temperature ranges for germination when water availability is low (Atriplex rhagodioides, Maireana sedifolia and Hakea leucoptera). High seed longevity under physiological stress in H. leucoptera, combined with a risk-avoiding strategy, allows bet-hedging. The hydrotime model predicted lower base water potentials for germination than observed by the data, further supporting our assertion that these species have particular adaptations to avoid germination during drought. This study provides insights into the complex physiological responses of seeds to environmental stress, and relates seed germination traits to community dynamics and restoration in arid zones. © 2019 The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Annals of Botany Company.
Medicinal value of three agricultural weed species of the asteraceae family : a review
- Jayasundera, Mithila, Florentine, Singarayer, Tennakoon, Kushan, Chauhan, Bhagirath
- Authors: Jayasundera, Mithila , Florentine, Singarayer , Tennakoon, Kushan , Chauhan, Bhagirath
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Pharmacognosy Journal Vol. 13, no. 1 (2021), p. 264-277
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Ageratum conyzoides L., Tridax procumbens L. and Bidens pilosa L. are well known plant species of the Asteraceae family that are considered weeds in intensive agriculture. These weeds are traditionally known to have medicinal properties and have been used for therapeutic treatments. However, it is only the lack of proper knowledge, awareness and screening that have limited their use in pharmaceutical sectors. This review attempts to consolidate the traditional, phytochemical and pharmacological studies that have been carried out on Ageratum conyzoides L., Tridax procumbens L. and Bidens pilosa L., which we note are widely spread throughout the world. This study was conducted through a coherent search on Ageratum conyzoides L., Tridax procumbens L. and Bidens pilosa L. with respect to traditional uses, phytochemical and pharmacological studies that have been performed on these three agricultural weeds all over the world. An exploration of reported descriptions of the potential medical importance of three agricultural weed species (A. conyzoides, T. procumbens and B. pilosa) has been presented. The present review would encourage further clinical investigations into these three plants and their extracts to more closely define the range of uses of these herbs for clinical applications. This, in turn, would give a clear understanding whether these weed species might be targeted to be conserved in a sustainable manner rather than eradicated. © 2021 Phcogj.Com. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
- Authors: Jayasundera, Mithila , Florentine, Singarayer , Tennakoon, Kushan , Chauhan, Bhagirath
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Pharmacognosy Journal Vol. 13, no. 1 (2021), p. 264-277
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Ageratum conyzoides L., Tridax procumbens L. and Bidens pilosa L. are well known plant species of the Asteraceae family that are considered weeds in intensive agriculture. These weeds are traditionally known to have medicinal properties and have been used for therapeutic treatments. However, it is only the lack of proper knowledge, awareness and screening that have limited their use in pharmaceutical sectors. This review attempts to consolidate the traditional, phytochemical and pharmacological studies that have been carried out on Ageratum conyzoides L., Tridax procumbens L. and Bidens pilosa L., which we note are widely spread throughout the world. This study was conducted through a coherent search on Ageratum conyzoides L., Tridax procumbens L. and Bidens pilosa L. with respect to traditional uses, phytochemical and pharmacological studies that have been performed on these three agricultural weeds all over the world. An exploration of reported descriptions of the potential medical importance of three agricultural weed species (A. conyzoides, T. procumbens and B. pilosa) has been presented. The present review would encourage further clinical investigations into these three plants and their extracts to more closely define the range of uses of these herbs for clinical applications. This, in turn, would give a clear understanding whether these weed species might be targeted to be conserved in a sustainable manner rather than eradicated. © 2021 Phcogj.Com. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license.
Two new species of Nitella (Characeae, Charophyceae) from arid-zone claypan wetlands in Australia
- Casanova, Michelle, Porter, John
- Authors: Casanova, Michelle , Porter, John
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Muelleria Vol. 31, no. 1 (2013), p. 53-59
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Two new species of Nitella Ag. are described. The species are dioecious and grow in temporary arid-zone wetlands called 'claypans'. Both have somewhat inflated, bicelluate fertile dactyls and neither species has mucus associated with the reproductive whorls. Nitella parooensis M.T.Casanova & J.LPorter is characterised by its apparently pluricelluate sterile branchlets with acute, conical end cells, inflated bicellulate dactyls and uniquely twisted oogonia and oospores. Nitella micklei M.T.Casanova is characterised by a crisp, inflated appearance, large antheridia and distinctive oospores. The ornamentation on the oospores of both species is essentially reticulate, but for N. micklei there are 1 -2 thickwalled meshes across the fossa, and in mature oospores of N. parooensis the 3-4 meshes have scattered, acute papillae within them.
- Description: 2003011030
- Authors: Casanova, Michelle , Porter, John
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Muelleria Vol. 31, no. 1 (2013), p. 53-59
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Two new species of Nitella Ag. are described. The species are dioecious and grow in temporary arid-zone wetlands called 'claypans'. Both have somewhat inflated, bicelluate fertile dactyls and neither species has mucus associated with the reproductive whorls. Nitella parooensis M.T.Casanova & J.LPorter is characterised by its apparently pluricelluate sterile branchlets with acute, conical end cells, inflated bicellulate dactyls and uniquely twisted oogonia and oospores. Nitella micklei M.T.Casanova is characterised by a crisp, inflated appearance, large antheridia and distinctive oospores. The ornamentation on the oospores of both species is essentially reticulate, but for N. micklei there are 1 -2 thickwalled meshes across the fossa, and in mature oospores of N. parooensis the 3-4 meshes have scattered, acute papillae within them.
- Description: 2003011030
Biology, ecology, distribution and control of the invasive weed, lactuca serriola l. (wild lettuce) : a global review
- Chadha, Aakansha, Florentine, Singarayer
- Authors: Chadha, Aakansha , Florentine, Singarayer
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Plants Vol. 10, no. 10 (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Lactuca serriola L. (wild lettuce) is a highly invasive C3 weed in many countries, including Australia, Canada, and the USA. This weed is a severe threat to agricultural systems, especially in crops grown with reduced or no‐tillage approaches, which commonly include wheat, cereals and pulses. Owing to the vertical orientation of its leaves in the north‐south plane and its root architec-ture, L. serriola can maintain high water use efficiency under drought conditions, giving it the ability to expand its range under a drying climate. Each plant can produce up to 100,000 seeds which have no primary dormancy and form a short‐term seedbank lasting up to three years. Most seedlings emerge in autumn and overwinter as a rosette, with a small flush of emergence in spring depicting staggered germination. Research into control methods for this weed has been performed, and these methods include chemical herbicides applied alone and in combination, the establishment of plant competition, tillage, mowing and bioherbicide. Herbicides can provide effective control when applied in the seedling or rosette stage; however, spring germination is difficult to control, as it skips the rosette stage. Some biotypes are now resistant to ALS inhibitor and synthetic auxins, causing concern regarding using herbicides. A dedicated integrated management plan for 3–4 years is recommended for the control of this troublesome species. This review will explore the biology, ecology, distribution, current control techniques and previous research on this weed, allowing us to make recommendations for its future research and management. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Authors: Chadha, Aakansha , Florentine, Singarayer
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Plants Vol. 10, no. 10 (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Lactuca serriola L. (wild lettuce) is a highly invasive C3 weed in many countries, including Australia, Canada, and the USA. This weed is a severe threat to agricultural systems, especially in crops grown with reduced or no‐tillage approaches, which commonly include wheat, cereals and pulses. Owing to the vertical orientation of its leaves in the north‐south plane and its root architec-ture, L. serriola can maintain high water use efficiency under drought conditions, giving it the ability to expand its range under a drying climate. Each plant can produce up to 100,000 seeds which have no primary dormancy and form a short‐term seedbank lasting up to three years. Most seedlings emerge in autumn and overwinter as a rosette, with a small flush of emergence in spring depicting staggered germination. Research into control methods for this weed has been performed, and these methods include chemical herbicides applied alone and in combination, the establishment of plant competition, tillage, mowing and bioherbicide. Herbicides can provide effective control when applied in the seedling or rosette stage; however, spring germination is difficult to control, as it skips the rosette stage. Some biotypes are now resistant to ALS inhibitor and synthetic auxins, causing concern regarding using herbicides. A dedicated integrated management plan for 3–4 years is recommended for the control of this troublesome species. This review will explore the biology, ecology, distribution, current control techniques and previous research on this weed, allowing us to make recommendations for its future research and management. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Biology, ecology and management of the invasive navua sedge (cyperus aromaticus) : a global review
- Shi, Boyang, Osunkoya, Olusegun, Chadha, Aakansha, Florentine, Singarayer, Dhileepan, Kunjithapatham
- Authors: Shi, Boyang , Osunkoya, Olusegun , Chadha, Aakansha , Florentine, Singarayer , Dhileepan, Kunjithapatham
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Plants Vol. 10, no. 9 (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Navua sedge (Cyperus aromaticus (Ridley) Mattf. & Kukenth) is an invasive perennial sedge, native to tropical Africa, which is threatening many natural ecosystems and agroecosystems, especially in northern Queensland, Australia. Crop and pasture production have been impacted by Navua sedge and it is also directly causing reductions in dairy and beef production in affected regions. This review documents the biology, ecology and potential management options to minimise the spread and impact of Navua sedge. The weed reproduces both sexually (seeds) and vegetatively (via underground rhizomes). Its tiny seeds can be spread easily via wind, water, vehicles, farm machinery and animals, whilst the rhizomes assist with establishment of dense stands. The CLIMEX model (which uses distribution and climate data in native and novel ranges) indicates that in Australia, Navua sedge has the potential to spread further within Queensland and into the Northern Territory, New South Wales and Victoria. Several management strategies, including mechanical, chemical and agronomic methods, and their integration will have to be used to minimise agricultural production losses caused by Navua sedge, but most of these methods are currently either ineffective or uneconomical when used alone. Other management approaches, including biological control and mycoherbicides, are currently being explored. We conclude that a better understanding of the interaction of its physiological processes, ecological patterns and genetic diversity across a range of conditions found in the invaded and native habitats will help to contribute to and provide more effective integrated management approaches for Navua sedge. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Authors: Shi, Boyang , Osunkoya, Olusegun , Chadha, Aakansha , Florentine, Singarayer , Dhileepan, Kunjithapatham
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Plants Vol. 10, no. 9 (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Navua sedge (Cyperus aromaticus (Ridley) Mattf. & Kukenth) is an invasive perennial sedge, native to tropical Africa, which is threatening many natural ecosystems and agroecosystems, especially in northern Queensland, Australia. Crop and pasture production have been impacted by Navua sedge and it is also directly causing reductions in dairy and beef production in affected regions. This review documents the biology, ecology and potential management options to minimise the spread and impact of Navua sedge. The weed reproduces both sexually (seeds) and vegetatively (via underground rhizomes). Its tiny seeds can be spread easily via wind, water, vehicles, farm machinery and animals, whilst the rhizomes assist with establishment of dense stands. The CLIMEX model (which uses distribution and climate data in native and novel ranges) indicates that in Australia, Navua sedge has the potential to spread further within Queensland and into the Northern Territory, New South Wales and Victoria. Several management strategies, including mechanical, chemical and agronomic methods, and their integration will have to be used to minimise agricultural production losses caused by Navua sedge, but most of these methods are currently either ineffective or uneconomical when used alone. Other management approaches, including biological control and mycoherbicides, are currently being explored. We conclude that a better understanding of the interaction of its physiological processes, ecological patterns and genetic diversity across a range of conditions found in the invaded and native habitats will help to contribute to and provide more effective integrated management approaches for Navua sedge. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Licorice (glycyrrhiza glabra) extracts-suitable pharmacological interventions for covid-19? a review
- Abraham, Joji, Florentine, Singarayer
- Authors: Abraham, Joji , Florentine, Singarayer
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Plants Vol. 10, no. 12 (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Even though vaccination has started against COVID-19, people should continue maintaining personal and social caution as it takes months or years to get everyone vaccinated, and we are not sure how long the vaccine remains efficacious. In order to contribute to the mitigation of COVID-19 symptoms, the pharmaceutical industry aims to develop antiviral drugs to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 replication and produce anti-inflammatory medications that will inhibit the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is the primary cause of mortality among the COVID-19 patients. In reference to these tasks, this article considers the properties of a medicinal plant named licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), whose phytochemicals have shown both antiviral and anti-inflammatory tendencies through previous studies. All the literature was selected through extensive search in various databases such as google scholar, Scopus, the Web of Science, and PubMed. In addition to the antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, one of the licorice components has an autophagy-enhancing mechanism that studies have suggested to be necessary for COVID-19 treatment. Based on reviewing relevant professional and historical literature regarding the medicinal properties of licorice, it is suggested that it may be worthwhile to conduct in vitro and in vivo studies, including clinical trials with glycyrrhizic and glycyrrhetinic acids together with other flavonoids found in licorice, as there is the potentiality to provide natural interventions against COVID-19 symptoms. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Licorice (glycyrrhiza glabra) extracts-suitable pharmacological interventions for covid-19? a review
- Authors: Abraham, Joji , Florentine, Singarayer
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Plants Vol. 10, no. 12 (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Even though vaccination has started against COVID-19, people should continue maintaining personal and social caution as it takes months or years to get everyone vaccinated, and we are not sure how long the vaccine remains efficacious. In order to contribute to the mitigation of COVID-19 symptoms, the pharmaceutical industry aims to develop antiviral drugs to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 replication and produce anti-inflammatory medications that will inhibit the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), which is the primary cause of mortality among the COVID-19 patients. In reference to these tasks, this article considers the properties of a medicinal plant named licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), whose phytochemicals have shown both antiviral and anti-inflammatory tendencies through previous studies. All the literature was selected through extensive search in various databases such as google scholar, Scopus, the Web of Science, and PubMed. In addition to the antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, one of the licorice components has an autophagy-enhancing mechanism that studies have suggested to be necessary for COVID-19 treatment. Based on reviewing relevant professional and historical literature regarding the medicinal properties of licorice, it is suggested that it may be worthwhile to conduct in vitro and in vivo studies, including clinical trials with glycyrrhizic and glycyrrhetinic acids together with other flavonoids found in licorice, as there is the potentiality to provide natural interventions against COVID-19 symptoms. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
The vegetation of the Coonavitra area, Paroo Darling National Park, Western New South Wales.
- Westbrooke, Martin, Gowans, Stacey, Gibson, Maria
- Authors: Westbrooke, Martin , Gowans, Stacey , Gibson, Maria
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Cunninghamia: a journal of plant ecology for eastern Australia Vol. 12, no. 1 (2011), p. 7-27
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The vegetation of Coonavitra area, Paroo Darling National Park (latitude 31°00’–32° 40’S and longitude 142°10’–144°25’E) in north western New South Wales was assessed using intensive quadrat sampling and mapped using extensive ground truthing and interpretation of aerial photograph and Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite images. In the survey 261 vascular plants species including 37 (14%) exotic species, from 50 families were recorded. Eighteen vegetation communities were identified and mapped, the most widespread being Casuarina pauper/Alectryon oleifolius low open woodland, Acacia loderi tall open shrubland, Flindersia maculosa low open woodland and Acacia aneura open-shrubland. Of particular significance are the extensive areas of Acacia loderi and Acacia melvillei tall open shrubland and one of the northernmost occurrences of Eucalyptus socialis tall open shrubland. Many of these communities have been impacted by a history of 150 years of pastoral use.
- Authors: Westbrooke, Martin , Gowans, Stacey , Gibson, Maria
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Cunninghamia: a journal of plant ecology for eastern Australia Vol. 12, no. 1 (2011), p. 7-27
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The vegetation of Coonavitra area, Paroo Darling National Park (latitude 31°00’–32° 40’S and longitude 142°10’–144°25’E) in north western New South Wales was assessed using intensive quadrat sampling and mapped using extensive ground truthing and interpretation of aerial photograph and Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite images. In the survey 261 vascular plants species including 37 (14%) exotic species, from 50 families were recorded. Eighteen vegetation communities were identified and mapped, the most widespread being Casuarina pauper/Alectryon oleifolius low open woodland, Acacia loderi tall open shrubland, Flindersia maculosa low open woodland and Acacia aneura open-shrubland. Of particular significance are the extensive areas of Acacia loderi and Acacia melvillei tall open shrubland and one of the northernmost occurrences of Eucalyptus socialis tall open shrubland. Many of these communities have been impacted by a history of 150 years of pastoral use.
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