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Coronary artery disease : Why we should consider the Y chromosome

- Molina, Elsa, Clarence, Elyse, Ahmady, Farah, Chew, Guatsiew, Charchar, Fadi

  • Authors: Molina, Elsa , Clarence, Elyse , Ahmady, Farah , Chew, Guatsiew , Charchar, Fadi
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Heart Lung and Circulation Vol. 25, no. 8 (Aug 2016), p. 791-801
  • Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1009490
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  • Description: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally. In the last few years our understanding of the genetic and molecular mechanisms that promote CAD in individuals has increased with the advent of the genome era. This complex inflammatory disease has well-defined environmental risk factors. However, in the last 10 years, studies including genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have clearly demonstrated a genetic influence on CAD. Recently, studies on the human Y chromosome have also demonstrated that genetic variation within the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) could play a part in determining cardiovascular risk in men, confirming the notion that the increased risk for CAD in men cannot be fully explained through common CAD risk factors. Here, we review the literature about the pathophysiology of CAD, its potential causes and environmental risk factors known so far. Furthermore, we review the genetics of CAD, especially the latest discoveries regarding the implication of the Y chromosome, the most underexplored portion of the human genome to date, highlighting methods and difficulties arising in this research field, and discussing the importance of considering the Y chromosome in CAD research.

A DNA toolbox for non-invasive genetic studies of sambar deer (Rusa unicolor)

- Davies, Chris, Wright, Wendy, Wedrowicz, Faye, Hogan, Fiona

  • Authors: Davies, Chris , Wright, Wendy , Wedrowicz, Faye , Hogan, Fiona
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australian Mammalogy Vol. 42, no. 1 (2020), p. 58-66
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  • Description: Invasive sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) are having significant detrimental impacts on natural environments in south-eastern Australia. Little, however, is known about their ecology, limiting evidence-based management strategies directed at reducing deer impacts. Genetic data, generated from DNA isolated from deer scats, can be used to fill ecological knowledge gaps. This study outlines a non-invasive genetic sampling strategy by which good-quality DNA from a single deer scat can be used to determine (1) species of origin, (2) sex and (3) a unique DNA profile. DNA from deer tissue and sambar deer scat samples were used to develop and optimise molecular methods to collect reliable genetic information. A DNA toolbox is presented that describes how to find, collect and store scat samples, isolate DNA and use molecular markers to generate informative genetic data. Generating genetic data using this approach will support studies aimed at acquiring ecological knowledge about sambar deer. Such knowledge will be critical for developing evidence-based recommendations to improve on-ground management decisions for sambar deer.

Analysis of the impact of sex and age on the variation in the prevalence of antinuclear autoantibodies in Polish population : a nationwide observational, cross-sectional study

- Krzemie, Kasperczyk, Sławomir, Banach, Maciejc, Kasperczyk, Aleksandra, Dobrakowski, Michał, Tomasik, Tomasz, Windak, Adam, Mastej, Mirosław, Catapano, Alberico, Ray, Kausik, Mikhailidis, Dimitri, Toth, Peter, Howard, George, Lip, Gregory, Tomaszewski, Macie, Charchar, Fadi, Sattar, Naveed, Williams, Bryan, MacDonald, Thomas, Penson, Peter, J, Al-Shaer B, Andrusewicz W., Anusz-Gaszewska E., B, Balawajder P., Bańka G., Barańska-Skubisz E., Przyczyna, B., Bartkowiak S.

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