Inflammation and Oral Contraceptive Use in Female Athletes Before the Rio Olympic Games
- Larsen, Brianna, Cox, Amanda, Colbey, Candice, Drew, Michael, McGuire, Helen, Fazekas de St Groth, Barbara, Hughes, David, Vlahovich, Nicole, Waddington, Gordon, Burke, Louise, Lundy, Bronwen, West, Nicholas, Minahan, Clare
- Authors: Larsen, Brianna , Cox, Amanda , Colbey, Candice , Drew, Michael , McGuire, Helen , Fazekas de St Groth, Barbara , Hughes, David , Vlahovich, Nicole , Waddington, Gordon , Burke, Louise , Lundy, Bronwen , West, Nicholas , Minahan, Clare
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Frontiers in Physiology Vol. 11, no. (2020), p.
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- Description: This study investigated the association between synthetic ovarian hormone use [i.e., the oral contraceptive (OC) pill] and basal C-reactive protein (CRP), peripheral blood immune cell subsets, and circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in elite female athletes. Elite female athletes (n = 53) selected in Rio Summer Olympic squads participated in this study; 25 were taking an OC (AthletesOC) and 28 were naturally hormonally cycling (AthletesNC). Venous blood samples were collected at rest for the determination of sex hormones, cortisol, CRP, peripheral blood mononuclear memory and naïve CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells and natural killer cells, as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations. C-reactive protein concentrations were elevated (p < 0.001) in AthletesOC (median = 2.02, IQR = 3.15) compared to AthletesNC (median = 0.57, IQR = 1.07). No differences were reported for cortisol, cytokines, or PBMC immune cell subsets, although there was a trend (p = 0.062) for higher IL-6 concentrations in AthletesNC. Female Olympians had substantially higher CRP concentrations, a marker of inflammation and tissue damage, before the Rio Olympic Games if they used an OC. Future research should examine the potential consequences for athlete performance/recovery so that, if necessary, practitioners can implement prevention programs. © Copyright © 2020 Larsen, Cox, Colbey, Drew, McGuire, Fazekas de St Groth, Hughes, Vlahovich, Waddington, Burke, Lundy, West and Minahan.
- Authors: Larsen, Brianna , Cox, Amanda , Colbey, Candice , Drew, Michael , McGuire, Helen , Fazekas de St Groth, Barbara , Hughes, David , Vlahovich, Nicole , Waddington, Gordon , Burke, Louise , Lundy, Bronwen , West, Nicholas , Minahan, Clare
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Frontiers in Physiology Vol. 11, no. (2020), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: This study investigated the association between synthetic ovarian hormone use [i.e., the oral contraceptive (OC) pill] and basal C-reactive protein (CRP), peripheral blood immune cell subsets, and circulating pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations in elite female athletes. Elite female athletes (n = 53) selected in Rio Summer Olympic squads participated in this study; 25 were taking an OC (AthletesOC) and 28 were naturally hormonally cycling (AthletesNC). Venous blood samples were collected at rest for the determination of sex hormones, cortisol, CRP, peripheral blood mononuclear memory and naïve CD4+ T-cells, CD8+ T-cells and natural killer cells, as well as pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine concentrations. C-reactive protein concentrations were elevated (p < 0.001) in AthletesOC (median = 2.02, IQR = 3.15) compared to AthletesNC (median = 0.57, IQR = 1.07). No differences were reported for cortisol, cytokines, or PBMC immune cell subsets, although there was a trend (p = 0.062) for higher IL-6 concentrations in AthletesNC. Female Olympians had substantially higher CRP concentrations, a marker of inflammation and tissue damage, before the Rio Olympic Games if they used an OC. Future research should examine the potential consequences for athlete performance/recovery so that, if necessary, practitioners can implement prevention programs. © Copyright © 2020 Larsen, Cox, Colbey, Drew, McGuire, Fazekas de St Groth, Hughes, Vlahovich, Waddington, Burke, Lundy, West and Minahan.
Short-term and lifelong exercise training lowers inflammatory mediators in older men
- Hayes, Lawrence, Herbert, Peter, Sculthorpe, Nicholas, Grace, Fergal
- Authors: Hayes, Lawrence , Herbert, Peter , Sculthorpe, Nicholas , Grace, Fergal
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Frontiers in Physiology Vol. 12, no. (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Increased basal low-grade inflammation is observed with advancing age, which is augmented by physical inactivity. However, data regarding the influence of lifelong exercise training and particularly high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on inflammatory mediators in older men are scarce. Therefore, we examined effects of 6weeks of aerobic preconditioning followed by 6weeks of HIIT on inflammatory mediators [interleukin (IL)-6, homocysteine, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)] in previously sedentary older men (SED) and masters athletes (LEX). Further, we investigated whether SED exhibited greater basal inflammatory biomarkers compared to LEX. Twenty-two men (aged 62±2years) participated in the SED group, while 17 age-matched LEX men (aged 60±5years) also participated as a positive comparison group. In SED, preconditioning (P=0.030, d=0.34) and HIIT (P=0.030, d=0.48) caused a reduction in IL-6 compared to enrollment. SED homocysteine did not change throughout (P>0.57; d<0.26), while the decrease in hsCRP after preconditioning (P=0.486, d=0.25) and after HIIT (P=0.781, d=0.23) compared to enrollment was small. HIIT did not influence IL-6 or hsCRP in LEX (all P>0.42; d<0.3). Homocysteine increased from enrollment to post-HIIT in LEX (P=0.144, d=0.83), but all other perturbations were trivial. IL-6 and hsCRP were greater in SED than LEX throughout the investigation (all P<0.029; d>0.72), but homocysteine was not different (all P >0.131; d<0.41). Results of this study suggest moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and HIIT lowers IL-6 (and possible hsCRP) in previously sedentary older men. Moreover, lifelong exercise is associated with reduced concentrations of some inflammatory biomarkers in older males, and therefore, physical activity, rather than age per se, is implicated in chronic low-grade inflammation. Moreover, physical inactivity-induced inflammation may be partly salvaged by short-term exercise training. © Copyright © 2021 Hayes, Herbert, Sculthorpe and Grace.
- Authors: Hayes, Lawrence , Herbert, Peter , Sculthorpe, Nicholas , Grace, Fergal
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Frontiers in Physiology Vol. 12, no. (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Increased basal low-grade inflammation is observed with advancing age, which is augmented by physical inactivity. However, data regarding the influence of lifelong exercise training and particularly high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on inflammatory mediators in older men are scarce. Therefore, we examined effects of 6weeks of aerobic preconditioning followed by 6weeks of HIIT on inflammatory mediators [interleukin (IL)-6, homocysteine, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP)] in previously sedentary older men (SED) and masters athletes (LEX). Further, we investigated whether SED exhibited greater basal inflammatory biomarkers compared to LEX. Twenty-two men (aged 62±2years) participated in the SED group, while 17 age-matched LEX men (aged 60±5years) also participated as a positive comparison group. In SED, preconditioning (P=0.030, d=0.34) and HIIT (P=0.030, d=0.48) caused a reduction in IL-6 compared to enrollment. SED homocysteine did not change throughout (P>0.57; d<0.26), while the decrease in hsCRP after preconditioning (P=0.486, d=0.25) and after HIIT (P=0.781, d=0.23) compared to enrollment was small. HIIT did not influence IL-6 or hsCRP in LEX (all P>0.42; d<0.3). Homocysteine increased from enrollment to post-HIIT in LEX (P=0.144, d=0.83), but all other perturbations were trivial. IL-6 and hsCRP were greater in SED than LEX throughout the investigation (all P<0.029; d>0.72), but homocysteine was not different (all P >0.131; d<0.41). Results of this study suggest moderate-intensity aerobic exercise and HIIT lowers IL-6 (and possible hsCRP) in previously sedentary older men. Moreover, lifelong exercise is associated with reduced concentrations of some inflammatory biomarkers in older males, and therefore, physical activity, rather than age per se, is implicated in chronic low-grade inflammation. Moreover, physical inactivity-induced inflammation may be partly salvaged by short-term exercise training. © Copyright © 2021 Hayes, Herbert, Sculthorpe and Grace.
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