- Title
- The immune response to nematode infection
- Creator
- Stear, Michael; Preston, Sarah; Piedrafita, David; Donskow-Łysoniewska, Katarzyna
- Date
- 2023
- Type
- Text; Journal article; Review
- Identifier
- http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/193444
- Identifier
- vital:18183
- Identifier
-
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24032283
- Identifier
- ISSN:1661-6596 (ISSN)
- Abstract
- Nematode infection is a major threat to the health of humans, domestic animals and wildlife. Nematodes vary in their effect on the host and in the mechanisms underlying immunity but the general features are becoming clear. There is considerable variation among individuals in resistance to infection and much of this variation is due to genetic variation in the immune response. The major histocompatibility complex has a strong influence on resistance to infection but other genes are collectively more important. Resistant individuals produce more IgA, eosinophils, IgE and mast cells than susceptible individuals and this is a consequence of stronger type 2 (Th2) immune responses. A variety of factors promote Th2 responses including genetic background, diet, molecules produced by the parasite and the location of the infection. A variety of cells and molecules including proteins, glycolipids and RNA act in concert to promote responses and to regulate the response. Nematodes themselves also modulate the host response and over 20 parasite-derived immunomodulatory molecules have been identified. Different species of nematodes modulate the immune response in different ways and probably use multiple molecules. The reasons for this are unclear and the interactions among immunomodulators have still to be investigated. © 2023 by the authors.
- Publisher
- MDPI
- Relation
- International Journal of Molecular Sciences Vol. 24, no. 3 (2023), p.
- Rights
- All metadata describing materials held in, or linked to, the repository is freely available under a CC0 licence
- Rights
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
- Rights
- Copyright © 2023 by the authors
- Rights
- Open Access
- Subject
- 3101 Biochemistry and cell biology; 3107 Microbiology; 3404 Medicinal and biomolecular chemistry; Eosinophil; Iga; Ige; Immunity; Immunomodulation; Major histocompatibility complex; Mast cell; Nematode; Regulatory T cell; TH2
- Full Text
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