- Sibillin, Olivia, Mitchell, David, Harris, Greg, Harvey, Jack, Spencer, Polly, Spencer, Luke
- Authors: Sibillin, Olivia , Mitchell, David , Harris, Greg , Harvey, Jack , Spencer, Polly , Spencer, Luke
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: ANZ Journal of Surgery Vol. 92, no. 5 (2022), p. 1178-1183
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Osteoarthritis of the knee is a chronic inflammatory condition resulting in significant patient disability, with intra-articular platelet rich plasma (PRP) injections having shown potential to improve symptomatic outcomes. This retrospective cohort pilot study aimed to observe whether PRP injections were beneficial in the symptomatic management of knee osteoarthritis in an Australian population, based on patient reported outcomes. An additional aim was to observe for an association between the number of injections and patient characteristics, such as body mass index, age, sex and radiologically determined severity of the disease. Methods: The cohort was drawn from those who attended Ballarat Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine for PRP injections and who had completed the appropriate pre- and post-injection Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) questionnaire. WOMAC scores were analysed to observe for any difference following a course of PRP injections. Results: The data suggest that the use of PRP improved patient reported WOMAC scores. Additionally, it was shown that two injections had a greater effect than one injection, with a third injection providing no further benefit. Finally, there was an association with lower WOMAC scores post PRP therapy amongst male participants compared to female participants. Conclusion: These results suggest two PRP injections are optimal for the symptomatic management of knee osteoarthritis, identifying a need for further prospective research in this Australian population. © 2022 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.
- Ha, Diep, Nguyen, Huy, Dao, An, Golley, Rebecca, Thomson, W., Manton, David, Leary, Sam, Scott, Jane, Spencer, Andrew, Do, Loc
- Authors: Ha, Diep , Nguyen, Huy , Dao, An , Golley, Rebecca , Thomson, W. , Manton, David , Leary, Sam , Scott, Jane , Spencer, Andrew , Do, Loc
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Dentistry Vol. 122, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: To investigate the trajectory of maternal intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) during the first five years of their child's life and its effect on the child's dental caries at five years-of-age. Methods: This is an ongoing prospective population-based birth cohort study in Adelaide, Australia. Mothers completed questionnaires on their SSB intake, socioeconomic factors and health behaviors at the birth of their child and at the ages of one, two and five years. Child dental caries measured as decayed, missing, or filled tooth surfaces was collected by oral examination. Maternal SSB intake was used to estimate the trajectory of SSB intake. The trajectories then became the main exposure of the study. Dental caries at age five years were the primary outcomes. Adjusted mean- and prevalence-ratios were estimated for dental caries, controlling for confounders. Results: 879 children had dental examinations at five years-of-age. Group-based trajectory modeling identified three trajectories of maternal SSB intake: ‘Stable low’ (40.8%), ‘Moderate but increasing’ (13.6%), and ‘High early’ trajectory (45.6%). Multivariable regression analysis found children of mothers in the ‘High early’ and ‘Moderate but increasing’ groups to have greater experience of dental caries (MR: 1.37 (95%CI 1.01–1.67), and 1.24 (95%CI 0.96–1.60) than those in the ‘Stable low’ trajectory, respectively. Conclusion: Maternal consumption of SSB during pregnancy and in the early postnatal period influenced their offspring's oral health. It is important to create a low-sugar environment from early childhood. The results suggest that health promotion activities need to be delivered to expecting women or soon after childbirth. © 2022
Malignant and non-malignant oral lesions classification and diagnosis with deep neural networks
- Liyanage, V.iduni, Tao, Mengqiu, Park, Joon, Wang, Kate, Azimi, Somayyeh
- Authors: Liyanage, V.iduni , Tao, Mengqiu , Park, Joon , Wang, Kate , Azimi, Somayyeh
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Dentistry Vol. 137, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: Given the increasing incidence of oral cancer, it is essential to provide high-risk communities, especially in remote regions, with an affordable, user-friendly tool for visual lesion diagnosis. This proof-of-concept study explored the utility and feasibility of a smartphone application that can photograph and diagnose oral lesions. Methods: The images of oral lesions with confirmed diagnoses were sourced from oral and maxillofacial textbooks. In total, 342 images were extracted, encompassing lesions from various regions of the oral cavity such as the gingiva, palate, and labial mucosa. The lesions were segregated into three categories: Class 1 represented non-neoplastic lesions, Class 2 included benign neoplasms, and Class 3 contained premalignant/malignant lesions. The images were analysed using MobileNetV3 and EfficientNetV2 models, with the process producing an accuracy curve, confusion matrix, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The EfficientNetV2 model showed a steep increase in validation accuracy early in the iterations, plateauing at a score of 0.71. According to the confusion matrix, this model's testing accuracy for diagnosing non-neoplastic and premalignant/malignant lesions was 64% and 80% respectively. Conversely, the MobileNetV3 model exhibited a more gradual increase, reaching a plateau at a validation accuracy of 0.70. The MobileNetV3 model's testing accuracy for diagnosing non-neoplastic and premalignant/malignant lesions, according to the confusion matrix, was 64% and 82% respectively. Conclusions: Our proof-of-concept study effectively demonstrated the potential accuracy of AI software in distinguishing malignant lesions. This could play a vital role in remote screenings for populations with limited access to dental practitioners. However, the discrepancies between the classification of images and the results of "non-malignant lesions" calls for further refinement of the models and the classification system used. Clinical significance: The findings of this study indicate that AI software has the potential to aid in the identification or screening of malignant oral lesions. Further improvements are required to enhance accuracy in classifying non-malignant lesions. © 2023 The Author(s)
- Authors: Liyanage, V.iduni , Tao, Mengqiu , Park, Joon , Wang, Kate , Azimi, Somayyeh
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Dentistry Vol. 137, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: Given the increasing incidence of oral cancer, it is essential to provide high-risk communities, especially in remote regions, with an affordable, user-friendly tool for visual lesion diagnosis. This proof-of-concept study explored the utility and feasibility of a smartphone application that can photograph and diagnose oral lesions. Methods: The images of oral lesions with confirmed diagnoses were sourced from oral and maxillofacial textbooks. In total, 342 images were extracted, encompassing lesions from various regions of the oral cavity such as the gingiva, palate, and labial mucosa. The lesions were segregated into three categories: Class 1 represented non-neoplastic lesions, Class 2 included benign neoplasms, and Class 3 contained premalignant/malignant lesions. The images were analysed using MobileNetV3 and EfficientNetV2 models, with the process producing an accuracy curve, confusion matrix, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results: The EfficientNetV2 model showed a steep increase in validation accuracy early in the iterations, plateauing at a score of 0.71. According to the confusion matrix, this model's testing accuracy for diagnosing non-neoplastic and premalignant/malignant lesions was 64% and 80% respectively. Conversely, the MobileNetV3 model exhibited a more gradual increase, reaching a plateau at a validation accuracy of 0.70. The MobileNetV3 model's testing accuracy for diagnosing non-neoplastic and premalignant/malignant lesions, according to the confusion matrix, was 64% and 82% respectively. Conclusions: Our proof-of-concept study effectively demonstrated the potential accuracy of AI software in distinguishing malignant lesions. This could play a vital role in remote screenings for populations with limited access to dental practitioners. However, the discrepancies between the classification of images and the results of "non-malignant lesions" calls for further refinement of the models and the classification system used. Clinical significance: The findings of this study indicate that AI software has the potential to aid in the identification or screening of malignant oral lesions. Further improvements are required to enhance accuracy in classifying non-malignant lesions. © 2023 The Author(s)
Pairwise approach for analysis and reporting of child's free sugars intake from a birth cohort study
- Nguyen, Huy, Ha, Diep, Dao, An, Golley, Rebecca, Scott, Jane, Spencer, John, Bell, Lucinda, Devenish-Coleman, Gemma, Do, Loc
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Ha, Diep , Dao, An , Golley, Rebecca , Scott, Jane , Spencer, John , Bell, Lucinda , Devenish-Coleman, Gemma , Do, Loc
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology Vol. 51, no. 5 (2023), p. 820-828
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: The prospective cohort design is an important research design, but a common challenge is missing data. The purpose of this study is to compare three approaches to managing missing data, the pairwise (n = 1386 children), the partial or modified pairwise (n = 1019) and the listwise (n = 546), to characterize the trajectories of children's free sugars intake (FSI) across early childhood. Methods: By applying the Group-based Trajectory Model Technique to three waves of data collected from a prospective cohort study of South Australian children, this study examined the three approaches in managing missing data to validate and discuss children's FSI trajectories. Results: Each approach identified three distinct trajectories of child's FSI from 1 to 5 years of age: (1) ‘low and fast increasing’, (2) ‘moderate and increasing’ and (3) ‘high and increasing’. The trajectory memberships were consistent across the three approaches, and were for the pairwise scenario (1) 15.1%, (2) 68.3% and (3) 16.6%; the partial or modified pairwise (1) 15.9%, (2) 64.1% and (3) 20.0%; and the listwise (1) 14.9%, (2) 64.9% and (3) 20.2% of children. Conclusions: Given the comparability of the findings across the analytical approaches and the samples' characteristics between baseline and across different data collection waves, it is recommended that the pairwise approach be used in future analyses to optimize the sample size and statistical power when examining the relationship between FSI in the first years of life and health outcome such as dental caries. © 2022 The Authors. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Pairwise approach for analysis and reporting of child's free sugars intake from a birth cohort study
- Authors: Nguyen, Huy , Ha, Diep , Dao, An , Golley, Rebecca , Scott, Jane , Spencer, John , Bell, Lucinda , Devenish-Coleman, Gemma , Do, Loc
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology Vol. 51, no. 5 (2023), p. 820-828
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: The prospective cohort design is an important research design, but a common challenge is missing data. The purpose of this study is to compare three approaches to managing missing data, the pairwise (n = 1386 children), the partial or modified pairwise (n = 1019) and the listwise (n = 546), to characterize the trajectories of children's free sugars intake (FSI) across early childhood. Methods: By applying the Group-based Trajectory Model Technique to three waves of data collected from a prospective cohort study of South Australian children, this study examined the three approaches in managing missing data to validate and discuss children's FSI trajectories. Results: Each approach identified three distinct trajectories of child's FSI from 1 to 5 years of age: (1) ‘low and fast increasing’, (2) ‘moderate and increasing’ and (3) ‘high and increasing’. The trajectory memberships were consistent across the three approaches, and were for the pairwise scenario (1) 15.1%, (2) 68.3% and (3) 16.6%; the partial or modified pairwise (1) 15.9%, (2) 64.1% and (3) 20.0%; and the listwise (1) 14.9%, (2) 64.9% and (3) 20.2% of children. Conclusions: Given the comparability of the findings across the analytical approaches and the samples' characteristics between baseline and across different data collection waves, it is recommended that the pairwise approach be used in future analyses to optimize the sample size and statistical power when examining the relationship between FSI in the first years of life and health outcome such as dental caries. © 2022 The Authors. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Trajectories of child free sugars intake and dental caries - a population-based birth cohort study
- Ha, Diep, Nguyen, Huy, Bell, Lucinda, Devenish-Coleman, Gemma, Golley, Rebecca, Thomson, W., Manton, David, Leary, Sam, Scott, Jane, Spencer, John, Do, Loc
- Authors: Ha, Diep , Nguyen, Huy , Bell, Lucinda , Devenish-Coleman, Gemma , Golley, Rebecca , Thomson, W. , Manton, David , Leary, Sam , Scott, Jane , Spencer, John , Do, Loc
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Dentistry Vol. 134, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: To investigate the association between trajectories of free sugars intake during the first five years of life and dental caries experience at five years. Methods: Data from the SMILE population-based prospective birth cohort study, collected at one, two and five years old, were used. A 3-days dietary diary and food frequency questionnaire were used to estimate free sugars intake (FSI) in grams. The primary outcomes were dental caries prevalence and experience (dmfs). The Group-Based Trajectory Modelling method was used to characterize three FSI trajectories (‘Low and increasing’; ‘Moderate and increasing’; and ‘High and increasing’), which were the main exposures. Multivariable regression models were generated to compute adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) and rate ratios (ARR) for the exposure, controlling for socioeconomic factors. Results: The prevalence of caries was 23.3%, with a mean dmfs of 1.4, and a median of 3.0 among those who had caries. There were clear gradients of caries prevalence and experience by the FSI trajectories. The ‘High and increasing’ had an APR of 2.13 (95%CI 1.23-3.70) and ARR of 2.77 (95%CI 1.45-5.32) against the ‘Low and increasing’. The ‘Moderate and increasing’ group had intermediate estimates. A quarter of the caries cases could have been prevented if the whole study sample had been in the ‘Low and increasing’ FSI trajectory. Conclusion: A sustained, high trajectory of FSI from a young age was positively associated with child dental caries. Measures to minimise consumption of free sugars must commence early in life. Clinical significance: The study has provided high level evidence to inform clinicians’ decisions in promoting a healthy dietary pattern for young children. © 2023
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