Student poverty at the University of Ballarat
- Authors: Newton, Janice , Turale, Sue
- Date: 2000
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Social Issues Vol. 35, no. 3 (2000), p. 251-265
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: This article draws together the findings of two recent studies at the University of Ballarat which suggest that poverty is experienced among a considerable minority of students. In a pilot study of 54 students and a phenomenological study of 17 students. different ways of measuring poverty were considered: the Poverty Line, dependence on a government allowance, cultural criteria and self-perception. It was found that undertaking part-time work failed to protect students from poverty, with significant indebtedness affecting all. Those under the Poverty Line were more likely to he young and male and less likely to he living in a family. Poor students saw their well-being and self-worth affected by poverty as they struggled to escape a cycle of indebtedness and risked academic standards by working longer hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Australian Journal of Social Issues is the property of Australian Council of Social Service and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
A Longitudinal study of the family physical activity environment and physical activity among youth
- Authors: Cleland, Verity , Timperio, Anna , Salmon, Jo , Hume, Clare , Telford, Amanda , Crawford, David
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: American Journal of Health Promotion Vol. 25, no. 3 (2011), p. 159-167
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Purpose. Although the family environment is a potentially important influence on children's physical activity (PA), prospective data investigating these associations are lacking. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal relationship between the family environment and PA among youth. Design. A 5-year prospective cohort study. Setting. Nineteen randomly selected public schools in Melbourne, Australia. Subjects. Families of 5- to 6-year-old (n = 190) and 10- to 12-year-old (n = 350) children. Measures. In 2001, parents reported their participation in PA, family-based PA, and support and reinforcement for their child's PA. In 2001, 2004, and 2006, moderate to vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) was assessed among youth using accelerometers. Weekend and "critical window" (after school until 6:00 P.M.) MVPA were examined because we hypothesized that the family environment would most likely influence these behaviors. Analysis. Generalized estimating equations predicted average change in MVPA over 5 years from baseline family environment factors. Results. Maternal role modeling was positively associated with boys' critical window and weekend (younger boys) MVPA. Paternal reinforcement of PA was positively associated with critical window and weekend MVPA among all boys, and paternal direct support was positively associated with weekend MVPA (older boys). Among girls, maternal coparticipation in PA predicted critical window MVPA, and sibling coparticipation in PA was directly associated with weekend MVPA (younger girls). Conclusions. Longitudinal relationships, although weak in magnitude, were observed between the family environment and MVPA among youth. Interventions promoting maternal role modeling, paternal reinforcement of and support for PA, and Maternal and sibling coparticipation in PA with youth are warranted
'Train the trainer' model : Implications for health professionals and farm family health in Australia
- Authors: Brumby, Susan , Smith, Andrew
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal Of Agromedicine Vol. 14, no. 2 (2009), p. 112-118
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Australia is a large country with 60% of land used for agricultural production. Its interior is sparsely populated, with higher morbidity and mortality recorded in rural areas, particularly farmers, farm families, and agricultural workers. Rural health professionals in addressing health education gaps of farming groups have reported using behavioralist approaches. These approaches in isolation have been criticized as disempowering for participants who are identified as passive learners or 'empty vessels.' A major challenge in rural health practice is to develop more inclusive and innovative models in building improved health outcomes. The Sustainable Farm Families Train the Trainer (SFFTTT) model is a 5-day program developed by Western District Health Service designed to enhance practice among health professionals working with farm families in Australia. This innovative model of addressing farmer health asks health professionals to understand the context of the farm family and encourages them to value the experience and existing knowledge of the farmer, the family and the farm business. The SFFTTT program has engaged with health agencies, community, government, and industry groups across Australia and over 120 rural nurses have been trained since 2005. These trainers have successfully delivered programs to 1000 farm families, with high participant completion, positive evaluation, and improved health indicators. Rural professionals report changes in how they approach health education, clinical practice, and promotion with farm families and agricultural industries. This paper highlights the success of SFFTTT as an effective tool in enhancing primary health practice in rural and remote settings. The program is benefiting not only drought ravaged farmers but assisting rural nurses, health agencies, and health boards to engage with farm families at a level not identified previously. Furthermore, nurses and health professionals are now embracing a more 'farmer-centered model of care.'
- Description: 2003008066
Family physical activity and sedentary environments and weight change in children
- Authors: Timperio, Anna , Salmon, Jo , Ball, Kylie , Baur, Louise , Telford, Amanda , Jackson, Michelle , Salmon, Louisa , Crawford, David
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Pediatric Obesity Vol. 3, no. 3 (2008), p. 160-167
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective. To examine associations between family physical activity and sedentary environment and changes in body mass index (BMI) z-scores among 10-12-year-old children over three years. Method. Design. Longitudinal (three-year follow-up). Subjects. In total, 152 boys and 192 girls aged 10-12 years at baseline. Measurements. Measured height and weight at baseline and follow-up (weight status, BMI z-scores); aspects of the family physical activity and sedentary environment (parental and sibling modelling, reinforcement, social support, family-related barriers, rules/restrictions, home physical environment) measured with a questionnaire completed by parents at baseline. Results. At baseline, 29.6% of boys and 21.9% of girls were overweight or obese, and mean (standard deviation, SD) BMI z-scores were 0.44 (0.99) and 0.28 (0.89), respectively. There was a significant change in BMI z-score among girls (mean change=0.19, SD=0.55, p < 0.001), but not boys. Among boys, the number of items at home able to be used for sedentary behaviour (B=0.11, p=0.037) was associated with relatively greater increases in BMI z-score. Among girls, sibling engagement in physical activity at least three times/wk (B=-0.17, p=0.010) and the number of physical activity equipment items at home (B=-0.05, p=0.018) were associated with relatively greater decreases in BMI z-score. Conclusion. Sibling physical activity and environmental stimuli for sedentary behaviours and physical activity within the home may be important targets for prevention of weight gain during the transition from childhood to adolescence.
- Description: C1
The effects of succession planning in family business on external relationships
- Authors: Van Beveren, John
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Managing the Family Business Chapter 14 p. 147-168
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: B1
- Description: 2003001179
Succession planning in Australian family business
- Authors: Van Beveren, John , Wise, Virginia
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Book
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: A1
- Description: 2003000600
VFR Travel: It is underestimated
- Authors: Backer, Elisa
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: CAUTHE 2011 National Conference
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Visiting friends and relatives (VFR) travel is a substantial form of tourism worldwide. In Australia, official data measure VFR in one of two ways: purpose of visit or accommodation. This is only a measurement of those factors, yet tourism practitioners often mistakenly use these data to state the size of VFR travel in their destination. Based on quantitative research undertaken in three contrasting destinations in Australia, estimates for the size of VFR travel in those destinations is provided. These results highlight that using official dala for measuring VFR travel will underestimate this segment in any Australian destination. Using the VFR definitional model as a conceptual model, this research has estimated that VFR travel represents 48 percent of Australia's total overnight tourism market.
- Description: E1
Commemoration of the Great War on the Somme: Exploring personal connections
- Authors: Winter, Caroline
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change Vol. 10, no. 3 (2013), p. 248-263
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: This study was undertaken at two sites on the Somme, France, one of the main battlefields of the Great War (1914-1918). It used a quantitative method and sought to explore the relative strength of two bases of personal connection (family and nation) to interests in visiting the area. The impact of attendance at a commemorative event on visitors' battlefield interests was also explored. The sample at the Thiepval memorial was dominated by British visitors and by Australians at Villers-Bretonneux. The analysis indicated that people with close family connections to the war had higher levels of interest in seeing sites of their family's war-time involvement, desire to pay their respects and historical interest. Attendance at a major national event (Anzac Day) appeared to increase national interest in people who did not have family connections. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
- Description: 2003010417
A prospective study of coping and adjustment in adolescents with craniofacial conditions
- Authors: Roberts, Rachel , Shute, Rosalyn
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Children's Health Care Vol. 41, no. 2 (2012), p. 111-128
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: This study aimed to examine the role of coping strategy use in concurrent and later adjustment in adolescents with craniofacial anomalies (CFAs). It was expected that better adjustment at both baseline and 12 months would be related to greater baseline perceived coping efficacy, greater use of active coping and social support seeking, and less use of avoidance strategies. Eighty adolescents with CFAs and their parents completed measures of adjustment, coping strategy use, and efficacy in response to CFA-related stressful situations. Fifty-five families completed these measures again 12 months later. Overall, the predicted pattern of correlations between coping and adjustment was found. However, coping and efficacy at baseline did not explain a significant proportion of the variance in adjustment measures 1 year later, after controlling for baseline adjustment. Such prospective findings are beginning to bring into question the assumed importance of coping in pediatric adjustment. © 2012 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
Association between the family and environment and television viewing in Australian children
- Authors: Van Zutphen, Moniek , Bell, Andrew , Kremer, Peter , Swinburn, Boyd
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health Vol. 43, no. (2007), p. 458-463
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Aim: To describe the time children spend watching television (TV) and to assess associations between TV viewing time, the family environment and weight status. Methods: Parents reported the amount of time children watched TV/video both for 'the previous school day' and 'usually' and described aspects of the family environment influencing TV access as part of a large cross-sectional study in the Barwon South-western region of Victoria, Australia. Child weight status was based on measured height and weight. All data were collected in 2003/2004. Results: A total of 1926 children aged 4–12 years participated. Parent-reported mean ± SE TV time for the previous school day was 83 ± 1.5 min. Children who lived in a family with tight rules governing TV viewing time (22%), or who never watched TV during dinner (33%), or had only one TV in the household (23%) or had no TV in their bedroom (81%) had significantly less TV time than their counterparts. Overweight or obese children had more TV time than healthy weight children 88 ± 2.9 versus 82 ± 1.7 min per day (P = 0.04). They were also more likely to live in a household where children had a TV in their bedroom than healthy weight children (25% vs. 17%, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Strategies to reduce TV time should be included as part of broader strategies to prevent childhood obesity. They should include messages to parents about not having a TV in children's bedrooms, encouraging family rules restricting TV viewing, and not having the TV on during dinner.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003005677
Family holidays - Vacation or obli-cation
- Authors: Schanzel, Heike , Backer, Elisa
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Tourism Recreation Research Vol. 38, no. 2 (2013), p. 159-173
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
The social lives of rural Australian nursing home residents
- Authors: Parmenter, Glenda , Cruickshank, Mary , Hussain, Rafat
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Ageing and Society Vol. 32, no. 2 (2012), p. 329-353
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: ABSTRACT Contact with family and friends, in the form of visiting, is very important to the quality of the lives of rural nursing home residents. However, there has been little recent research that examines the frequency and determinants of visits to rural nursing homes and none in the rural Australian context. This study aimed to address this gap in the literature. A telephone survey with a close family member (N=257) of each participating resident in the rural New England area of New South Wales, Australia gathered data about 3,738 people who formed the potential social networks of these residents. This study found that the wider, potential, social networks of rural nursing home residents comprised approximately 17 people and involved a wide range of family and friends. However, their actual social networks consisted of approximately two females, daughters and friends, who had high-quality relationships with the resident and who visited at least once per month. In contrast to previous assertions that nursing home residents have robust support from their family and friends, the actual social networks of these residents have dwindled considerably over recent years, which may place them at risk of social isolation. This study has implications for nursing home policy and practice and recommendations for addressing the risk of social isolation that rural nursing home residents face are made.
"This is how it's got to happen"
- Authors: Northam, Holly , Cruickshank, Mary , Hercelinskyj, Gylo
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Transplant Journal of Australasia Vol. 23, no. 1 (2014), p. 9-13
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Organ transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage organ failure and is a much sought-after therapy. Efforts are under way to maximise the number of families who agree to organ donation on behalf of a newly deceased relative in Australia, with the hope of easing the burden for dying and incapacitated patients and to reduce health care costs. Objective: To present initial findings from a study which asked families who had been required to make a deceased organ donation decision about their experience, and the factors that contributed to their decision to either agree to or decline organ donation. Methods: Following ethics approval, an exploratory multiple case study was conducted. Twenty-two family members from nine families who had experienced the death of a relative within the previous three years from five of Australia's state and territories contributed to the study in 17 recorded, transcribed and analysed interviews. Findings: Broad themes emerged that included the importance of time and location, perceptions of suffering, information and help for the families, and the need for families to assure themselves that the deceased's needs were addressed before and after death. Conclusion: The findings suggest families require trust that their family member was not suffering before and after death. The affirmation of this trust was helped by prior information about the organ donation process and sensory affirmation that their loved one was at peace. Family decisions about organ donation, hopes and 'deep hopes' were dependent on this trust.
Family needs and involvement in the intensive care unit : A literature review
- Authors: Al Mutair, Abbas , Plummer, Virginia , O'Brien, Anthony , Clerehan, Rosemary
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Clinical Nursing Vol. 22, no. 13-14 (2013), p. 1805-1817
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Aims and objectives: To understand the needs of critically ill patient families', seeking to meet those needs and explore the process and patterns of involving family members during routine care and resuscitation and other invasive procedures. Methods: A structured literature review using Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Pubmed, Proquest, Google scholar, Meditext database and a hand search of critical care journals via identified search terms for relevant articles published between 2000 and 2010. Results: Thirty studies were included in the review either undertaken in the Intensive Care Unit or conducted with critical care staff using different methods of inquiry. The studies were related to family needs; family involvement in routine care; and family involvement during resuscitation and other invasive procedures. The studies revealed that family members ranked both the need for assurance and the need for information as the most important. They also perceived their important needs as being unmet, and identified the nurses as the best staff to meet these needs, followed by the doctors. The studies demonstrate that both family members and healthcare providers have positive attitudes towards family involvement in routine care. However, family members and healthcare providers had significantly different views of family involvement during resuscitation and other invasive procedures. Conclusion: Meeting Intensive Care Unit family needs can be achieved by supporting and involving families in the care of the critically ill family member. More emphasis should be placed on identifying the family needs in relation to the influence of cultural values and religion held by the family members and the organisational climate and culture of the working area in the Intensive Care Unit. © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Family presence during resuscitation (FPDR) : A qualitative descriptive study exploring the experiences of emergency personnel post resuscitation
- Authors: Porter, Joanne
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Heart and Lung Vol. 48, no. 4 (2019), p. 268-272
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Introduction: Family presence during resuscitation (FPDR), remains inconsistently implemented by emergency personnel. The benefits for family members is well documented, providing opportunities for family to say goodbye, facilitates closure and enables family to provide emotional support to the patient. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences and attitudes of emergency personnel towards FPDR immediately post resuscitation events. Method: A descriptive qualitative design was used to explore the experiences of emergency personnel with FPDR. Data was collected from single rural and metropolitan emergency departments in the state of Victoria, Australia. The participants consisted of nurses and doctors who took active roles during resuscitation events. Following transcription of the audiotaped interviews Creswell's (2003) six step analysis process was employed. Result: A total of 29 interviews of key personnel, following 6 paediatric and 18 adult resuscitation events. Interviews were conducted over a period of two weeks in each venue. The data was organised into six themes following analysis including: care coordinators inconsistently called, gate keepers to implementation, effective communication strategies helping to deliver bad news, life experience generates confidence, allocation of family support person, and family members roles dependent on age of patient. Conclusion: FPDR is common practice in paediatric events however remains inconsistently implemented during adult resuscitations. A designated family support person is essential to successful implementation of FPDR and should be incorporated in to the allocation of the resuscitation team roles during both adult and paediatric resuscitation events. Education and training is important for clinicians to learn essential communication skills, building practice confidence, which is required to successfully implement FPDR.
Work–family balance : Perspectives from higher education
- Authors: Pillay, Soma , Abhayawansa, Subhash
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Higher Education Vol. 68, no. 5 (2014), p. 669-690
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The article examines different types of work–family pressures amongst people working within the Australian university sector. We were specifically interested in work–family experiences between domestic and migrant Australians. Among the major findings, domestic Australians experience greater levels of work–family imbalance across most of the measures used. Limitations and implications for future research are discussed.
The relationship between living alone, sense of belonging, and depressive symptoms among older men: the moderating role of sexual orientation
- Authors: McLaren, Suzanne
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Aging & Mental Health Vol. 24, no. 1 (Jan 2020), p. 103-109
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: Living alone is a risk factor for depressive symptoms among older men, and is likely to occur due to belongingness needs being unmet. It is proposed the living alone-sense of belonging and living alone-depressive symptoms relations are stronger for gay men than heterosexual men, due to different family circumstances. This research tested a moderated mediation model, specifically whether the relationship between living alone and depressive symptoms is mediated by sense of belonging, and whether the living alone-sense of belonging and living alone-depressive symptoms relationships are moderated by sexual orientation. Method: A community sample of 169 Australian gay men aged 65 to 93 years and 187 Australian heterosexual men aged 65 to 94 years completed the Psychological subscale of the Sense of Belonging Instrument and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Results: Results supported the simple mediation model, with living alone being associated directly and indirectly with depressive symptoms via sense of belonging. The conditional indirect effect of living alone on depressive symptoms via sense of belonging was not significant, and therefore the moderated mediation model was not supported. Conclusion: Results imply that older men who live alone are at increased risk of depressive symptoms directly and indirectly via lower levels of sense of belonging.
The intergenerational transmission of problem gambling : the mediating role of parental psychopathology
- Authors: Dowling, Nicki , Shandley, Kerrie , Oldenhof, Erin , Youssef, George , Thomas, Shane
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Addictive Behaviors Vol. 59, no. (2016), p. 12-17
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The present study investigated the intergenerational transmission of problem gambling and the potential mediating role of parental psychopathology (problem drinking, drug use problems, and mental health issues). The study comprised 3953 participants (1938 males, 2015 females) recruited from a large-scale Australian community telephone survey of adults retrospectively reporting on parental problem gambling and psychopathology during their childhood. Overall, 4.0% [95%CI 3.0, 5.0] (n = 157) of participants reported paternal problem gambling and 1.7% [95%CI 1.0, 2.0] (n = 68) reported maternal problem gambling. Compared to their peers, participants reporting paternal problem gambling were 5.1 times more likely to be moderate risk gamblers and 10.7 times more likely to be problem gamblers. Participants reporting maternal problem gambling were 1.7 times more likely to be moderate risk gamblers and 10.6 times more likely to be problem gamblers. The results revealed that the relationships between paternal-and-participant and maternal-and-participant problem gambling were significant, but that only the relationship between paternal-and-participant problem gambling remained statistically significant after controlling for maternal problem gambling and sociodemographic factors. Paternal problem drinking and maternal drug use problems partially mediated the relationship between paternal-and-participant problem gambling, and fully mediated the relationship between maternal-and-participant problem gambling. In contrast, parental mental health issues failed to significantly mediate the transmission of gambling problems by either parent. When parental problem gambling was the mediator, there was full mediation of the effect between parental psychopathology and offspring problem gambling for fathers but not mothers. Overall, the study highlights the vulnerability of children from problem gambling households and suggests that it would be of value to target prevention and intervention efforts towards this cohort. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Shane Thomas” is provided in this record**
“It runs in your blood” : reflections from treatment seeking gamblers on their family history of gambling
- Authors: Dowling, Nicki , Francis, K. , Dixon, R. , Merkouris, Stephanie , Thomas, Shane
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Gambling Studies Vol. 37, no. 2 (2021), p. 689-710
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: There are considerable gaps in our understanding of the familial transmission of gambling problems. This convergent mixed-methods study aimed to explore the: (1) sources of heterogeneity in the familial (paternal, maternal, and sibling) transmission of gambling problems; (2) degree to which family-of-origin characteristics are associated with family-of-origin problem gambling; and (3) beliefs of gamblers about the nature of the familial transmission of problem gambling. The sample consisted of 97 treatment-seeking gamblers in Australia. One-quarter (25.5%) of participants reported that at least one family member (16.5% father, 7.5% mother, 7.6% siblings) living with them when they were growing up had a gambling problem. Most participants reported that family members with a positive history of problem gambling were biological relatives, lived with them full-time, and experienced long-term difficulties with gambling. Participants with a family history of problem gambling were young (less than 12 years of age) at the onset of parental, but not sibling, problem gambling, were women, and reported difficulties with the same gambling activity as their family member. Participants raised in families with problem gambling were more likely to report parental separation (risk ratio [RR] = 2.32) and divorce (RR = 2.83), and extreme family financial hardship (RR = 1.80), as well as low levels of paternal authoritative parenting than participants raised in non-problem gambling families. Qualitatively, both social learning and genetics were perceived to play a central role in the familial transmission of gambling problems. These findings inform theories of the familial transmission of gambling problems and the design of targeted prevention and intervention strategies. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Shane Thomas” is provided in this record**
Gambling and family : a two-way relationship
- Authors: Subramaniam, Mythily , Chong, Siow , Satghare, Pratika , Browning, Colette , Thomas, Shane
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Behavioral Addictions Vol. 6, no. 4 (2017), p. 689-698
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background and aims: Families play an important role in the evolution of gambling and are also adversely affected by the disordered gambling of any one of their members. The aims of this study were to explore both the role families play in gambling initiation, maintenance, and help-seeking, and the harm caused to families by the gambling behavior using a qualitative approach. Methods: Regular older adult gamblers were included in the study. In-depth interviews were conducted with 25 older adults to gain an understanding of gambling from their perspective. Older adult gamblers described their lived experience of gambling ranging from initiation to harm and attempts to cut down or limit gambling. Data were analyzed using thematic network analysis. Results: The mean age of the 25 participants was 66.2 years. The majority were male (n = 18), of Chinese ethnicity (n = 16), had secondary education (n = 9), were married (n = 20), and currently employed (n = 15). Four organizing themes related to the role of families in initiation and maintenance of gambling, harm caused to family members, and their role in help-seeking were identified. Discussion and conclusions: The study emphasizes the role of Asian families in both initiation and maintenance of gambling. Hence, families must be involved in prevention and outreach programs. Family members must be educated, so that they can encourage help-seeking to ensure early treatment and recovery. There is a need for interventional studies for reducing stress and improving coping among family members. © 2017 The Author(s).