Can intelligent agents improve data quality in online questionnaires? A pilot study
- Authors: Söderström, Arne , Shatte, Adrian , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Behavior Research Methods Vol. 53, no. 5 (2021), p. 2238-2251
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- Description: We explored the utility of chatbots for improving data quality arising from collection via sonline surveys. Three-hundred Australian adults sampled via Prolific Academic were randomized across chatbot-supported or unassisted online questionnaire conditions. The questionnaire comprised validated measures, along with challenge items formulated to be confusing yet aligned with the validated targets. The chatbot condition provided optional assistance with item clarity via a virtual support agent. Chatbot use and user satisfaction were measured through session logs and user feedback. Data quality was operationalized as between-group differences in relationships among validated and challenge measures. Findings broadly supported chatbot utility for online surveys, showing that most participants with chatbot access utilized it, found it helpful, and demonstrated modestly improved data quality (vs. controls). Absence of confusion for one challenge item is believed to have contributed to an underestimated effect. Findings show that assistive chatbots can enhance data quality, will be utilized by many participants if available, and are perceived as beneficial by most users. Scope constraints for this pilot study are believed to have led to underestimated effects. Future testing with longer-form questionnaires incorporating expanded item difficulty may further understanding of chatbot utility for survey completion and data quality. © 2021, The Psychonomic Society, Inc.
Chinese mental health professionals’ perceptions of shared decision-making regarding people diagnosed with schizophrenia : a qualitative study
- Authors: Huang, Chongmei , Lam, Louisa , Zhong, Yaping , Plummer, Virginia , Cross, Wendy
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing Vol. 30, no. 1 (2021), p. 189-199
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- Description: The implementation of shared decision-making regarding people diagnosed with schizophrenia is limited, although it is reported to have a positive impact on improving treatment adherence, therapeutic relationships and saving medical costs. The successful implementation of it is mainly dependent on the active engagement of mental health professionals. This study aims to identify mental health professionals’ perceptions of shared decision-making regarding people diagnosed with schizophrenia in collectivist cultures such as Chinese culture. A qualitative descriptive approach was used, involving ten individual interviews with psychiatrists and four focus groups with twenty-three mental health nurses from the psychiatry department of a tertiary hospital in mainland China. An inductive thematic approach was used to analyze the data. Two main themes with five subthemes generated: willingness to engage in shared decision-making and perceiving shared decision-making as unachievable. The last theme included five subthemes: (i) deference to authority, (ii) tension between family decision-making and patient autonomy, (iii) uncertainty of trusting therapeutic relationships, (iv) implicit persuasion and (v) insufficient consultation time. Patients often lack opportunity and support to engage in decision-making. Mental health nurses in other countries need to be aware that Chinese patients and patients with a similar background are not knowledgeable about or value shared decision-making to the extent that other countries might. They need to evaluate and support them, including encouraging them to engage in decision-making as well as providing appropriate information. Mental health nurses need to collaborate with patients and their families to achieve patient-centred care when family involvement is expected. © 2020 Australian College of Mental Health Nurses Inc.
Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling of the structure of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in adults
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Stavropoulos, Vasileios
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Assessment Vol. 28, no. 6 (Sep 2021), p. 1570-1582
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- Description: The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) involves a simple structure firstorder three-factor oblique model, with factors for depression, anxiety, and stress. Recently, concerns have been raised over the value of using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for studying the factor structure of scales in general. However, such concerns can be circumvented using exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). Consequently, the present study used CFA and ESEM with target rotation to examine the factor structure of the DASS21 among an adult community. It compared first-order CFA, ESEM with target rotation, bifactor CFA (BCFA), and bi-factor BESEM with target rotation model with group/specific factors for depression, anxiety, and stress. A total of 738 adults (males = 374, and females =364; M = 25.29 years; SD = 7.61 years) completed the DASS-21. While all models examined showed good global fit values, one or more of the group/specific factors in the BCFA, ESEM with target rotation and BESEM with target rotation models were poorly defined. As the firstorder CFA model was most parsimonious, with well-defined factors that were also supported in terms of their reliabilities and validities, this model was selected as the preferred DASS21 model. The implications of the findings for use and revision of the DASS-21 are discussed
Daddy issues : friends rather than fathers influence adult men's hegemonic masculinity
- Authors: Van Doorn, George , Dye, Jacob , de Gracia, Ma Regina
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 171, no. (2021), p.
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- Description: Hegemonic masculinity often refers to negative and socially aversive traits and behaviours associated with idealised masculine norms. Extant literature suggests that several social determinants might influence men's conformity to negative and socially-averse masculine norms, but studies are limited. The present study examined whether the quality of the father-son relationship in childhood impacts hegemonic masculinity in adulthood. In addition, we also determined whether adverse childhood experiences, mother-son relationship quality, as well as familial and peer support explained any additional variance in hegemonic masculinity after controlling for the quality of a man's relationship with his father. A sample of 188 men (aged 18 to 62 years) completed an online survey that included the K-Short Form-42, the Adverse Childhood Experiences scale, and the Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory-29. Results from a hierarchical regression analysis showed that the self-reported quality of the father-son relationship did not predict hegemonic masculinity. Adverse childhood experiences, mother-son relationship quality, and family support also failed to predict hegemonic masculinity. However, a decrease in support from friends was associated with an increase in hegemonic masculinity, even after controlling for all other variables. The importance of peer relationships in developing and maintaining a man's adherence to traditional masculine norms is underscored. © 2020 Elsevier Ltd
Dangerous dating in the digital age : jealousy, hostility, narcissism, and psychopathy as predictors of cyber dating abuse
- Authors: Branson, Molly , March, Evita
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Computers in Human Behavior Vol. 119, no. (2021), p.
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- Description: Cyber Dating Abuse includes perpetration of aggressive and controlling behaviours against an intimate partner via technology. Despite the significant physical and psychological outcomes, there is a paucity in research exploring predictors of Cyber Dating Abuse. In the current study, we replicate and extend previous research by exploring the utility of jealousy, hostility, narcissism (grandiose and vulnerable), and psychopathy (primary and secondary) as predictors of Cyber Dating Abuse. Participants (N = 817; 78.2% women; Mage = 28.16, SD = 10.49) were recruited via social media and completed an online questionnaire which comprised measures of jealousy, hostility, narcissism, psychopathy, and perpetration of Cyber Dating Abuse behaviours. Results supported the hypotheses that jealousy, vulnerable narcissism, and secondary psychopathy would be significant, positive predictors of Cyber Dating Abuse perpetration. No other predictor reached significance, and gender (control variable) was also a non-significant predictor. Results are discussed through the lens of evolutionary theory and the General Aggression Model and indicate that the perpetration of Cyber Dating Abuse may be better attributed to reactive, emotional aggression, compared to proactive, instrumental aggression. These results have important clinical and practical implications and may inform management and prevention of online intimate partner abuse and violence. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Differences in emotion knowledge among Filipino deaf children, adolescents, and young adults
- Authors: de Gracia, Ma Regina , de Rosnay, Marc , Hawes, David , Perez, Maria
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 180, no. (2021), p.
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- Description: Developmental evidence regarding emotion knowledge and deafness has come almost exclusively from Western populations. In this study, we examined associations between deafness, emotion understanding (EU), and affective recognition and labelling (ARL) in deaf and hearing individuals from the Philippines. A sample of 205 Filipino participants (102 deaf; ages 8 to 22 years) completed the Diagnostic Assessment of Non-Verbal Ability – 2 and the Test of Emotion Comprehension to measure ARL and EU, respectively. Results from hierarchical linear regressions show that, after controlling for age and verbal ability, both groups were on par on total ARL skills. In contrast, the deaf cohort performed poorer on total EU relative to the hearing controls over and above age and verbal ability. Several possible explanations for findings were also discussed. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Getting into the “Dad Zone” : how do primary caregiving fathers of young children experience social support?
- Authors: Gill, Peter , Scacco, Sarina , De Haan, Sarah , Gent, Angela , Chapin, Laurie , Ganci, Michael , Morda, Romana
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Child and Family Studies Vol. 30, no. 4 (2021), p. 1028-1042
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- Description: Primary caregiving fathers (PCGFs) are a growing population that experience unique struggles on a day-to-day basis. The current study aimed to explore how fathers interpret and experience their daily responsibilities and interactions with social support, as they undertake their roles as primary caregivers. Using grounded theory, 14 PCGFs defined as those providing sole care for their 1–10 year olds for at least 25 h per week, participated in semi-structured interviews regarding their experiences of fatherhood and social supports. Participants highlighted the ways in which social support, particularly adult companionship, helped them find a social balance and allowed them to re-energise and be better fathers. In particular, the men reported that interaction with people with similar experiences was important in helping them to discursively negotiate their non-traditional roles. Analysis revealed a three-stage identity transition process where the men initially took on primary responsibility, then began to embody the primary care giver role, and finally transitioned to a new normal. The PCGFs in the study provide evidence that we may be observing a shift from what may be classed as outdated notions of one-dimensional fathering to a more well-informed masculine ideal that embraces caring and nurturing qualities. However, providing further avenues of support for PCFGs is important in order to mitigate possible social isolation and to enhance their wellbeing. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature.
Greek validation of the factor structure and longitudinal measurement invariance of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire-self report (SDQ-SR) : exploratory structural equation modelling
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Motti-Stefanidi, Frosso , Jordan, Scott , Stavropoulos, Vasileios
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Child Psychiatry and Human Development Vol. 52, no. 5 (2021), p. 880-890
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- Description: The study examined the factor structure and longitudinal measurement invariance over three time points (1-year apart) of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Self Report (SDQ-SR) for ratings provided by adolescents in Greece. It used exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) to achieve these two goals. At time point one, a total of 968 adolescents (males = 508, and females = 460) between 12 and 17.9 years completed the SDQ-SR. In relation to factor structure, ESEM tested the fit of one- to five-factor models. The findings were interpreted as indicating most support for the ESEM model with three factors (the factors being dysregulation, peer problems, and prosocial behaviour). This model showed support for configural invariance and full metric invariance across the three time points. Except for two thresholds, all other thresholds were also invariant across the three time points. Thus, there was good support for longitudinal measurement invariance. The implications of the findings for use of the SDQ-SR are discussed. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
How can stress resilience be monitored? A systematic review of measurement in humans
- Authors: O’Donohue, Josephine , Mesagno, Christopher , O’Brien, Brendan
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Current Psychology Vol. 40, no. 6 (2021), p. 2853-2876
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- Description: Stress resilience studies focus on resilience operationalised within the context of stressors. Currently, there is no clear operationalisation of stress resilience in humans. To identify and critically examine measures used to assess stress resilience. A systematic review of English and non-English articles using PubMed (including MEDLINE), Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO, ScienceDirect, and CINAHL was conducted. No date limits were set. Search terms included stress resilience, resilience to stress, stress resilient, and humans. Studies were selected based on pre-determined eligibility criteria. Empirical, quantitative research studies that measured individual stress resilience in humans were eligible for inclusion in this review. Two researchers conducted independent extraction of articles based on predefined fields, focusing on types of measures used. A narrative synthesis was used to present the findings, structured around the types of instruments used and conceptual focuses of these measures. We identified a number of measures, both self-report and performance based. We highlight the heterogeneity in operationalisation of stress resilience and suggest that, in future, researchers’ state operationalised definitions of stress resilience overtly to decrease confusion. © 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
More than a preference for online social interaction : vulnerable narcissism and phubbing
- Authors: Grieve, Rachel , Lang, Cathryne , March, Evita
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 175, no. (2021), p.
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- Description: This study was the first to examine whether the relationship between vulnerable narcissism and phubbing (phone snubbing) can be explained by preference for online social interaction. Participants (N = 402) completed measures of narcissistic vulnerability, phubbing, and preference for online social interaction, along with measures of grandiose narcissism, psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and social anxiety, which were included as covariates in a mediation analysis. As hypothesised, preference for online social interaction mediated the vulnerable narcissism—phubbing relationship, however this effect was only partial, with narcissistic vulnerability still having a significant and positive direct effect on phubbing. These results indicate that phubbing may allow individuals with vulnerable narcissism to meet contingent self-esteem needs—i.e., needs which are more readily managed through the asynchronous and more controllable online environment—but that other aspects of narcissistic vulnerability also drive phubbing behaviours. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Prospective associations between hegemonic masculinity and incident depression/depressive symptoms : results from a national sample of Australian emerging adult men
- Authors: Van Doorn, George , Teese, Robert , Gill, Peter
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 179, no. (Journal article 2021), p.
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- Description: Emerging adulthood is associated with several freedoms and opportunities, but is also a period of increased risk for several physical and mental health conditions. This study assessed the association between adherence to traditional masculine norms at baseline and incident depression and incident depressive symptoms at follow-up in a national sample of Australian emerging adult men (18–29 years). We performed binary logistic regressions based on two waves of data from a national longitudinal survey, Ten to Men: The Australian Longitudinal Study on Male Health. The sample comprised 2170 emerging adult men who completed both the Wave 1 (2013–2014) and Wave 2 (2015–2016) surveys. Results indicated that adhering to multidimensional hegemonic masculine norms at baseline did not confer risk for developing either incident Major Depression or incident depressive symptoms at follow-up, except for adhering to ‘playboy’ (e.g., desire for multiple sexual partners). These findings conflict with previous reports showing that hegemonic masculinity is associated with depression and depressive symptoms, and suggest that the assumption that adhering to traditional masculine norms places men at greater risk for depression should be questioned, at least during the emerging adult stage of the lifespan. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Resilience among trans and gender-diverse adults : the protective role of dispositional hope in the perceived burdensomeness-suicide relationship
- Authors: Snooks, Matthew , McLaren, Suzanne
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity Vol. 8, no. 1 (2021), p. 57-67
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- Description: Trans and gender-diverse (TGD) adults are at increased risk for suicide. A wealth of evidence supports perceived burdensomeness as an independent key risk factor for suicide. Few studies have investigated dispositional hope or its components (agency and pathways) as a psychological resilience factor within the TGD population. The present study investigated the role of dispositional hope as a moderator in the relationship between perceived burdensomeness and suicidal ideation and behaviors among TGD adults. An international sample of 848 TGD adults aged 18 to 80 years (Mage= 26.27, SD = 7.70), who identified as male (n = 197), female (n = 614), or gender nonbinary (n = 37), completed the online questionnaires. Results demonstrated that dispositional hope, agency, and pathways were significant moderators, strengthening the perceived burdensomeness-suicidal ideation and behaviors relationship. Closer examination of the moderation effects suggests that higher levels of dispositional hope and its components may be protective against suicidal ideation and behaviors among TGD adults experiencing lower, but not higher, levels of perceived burdensomeness. Future research is urgently warranted within this population to help inform specialized interventions that may protect TGD adults who experience higher levels of perceived burdensomeness and are at high risk for suicidal ideation and behaviors. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) Public Significance Statement—This study indicates that interventions which enhance hope may be related to lower levels of suicidal thoughts and behaviors among trans and gender-diverse adults with low, but not high, levels of perceived burdensomeness. It also highlights the urgent need for research aimed at identifying protective factors that may reduce suicidal thoughts and behaviors among trans and gender-diverse adults with high levels of perceived burdensomeness. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved) © 2020 American Psychological Association
Self-report motor competence in adolescents aged 12–18 years in regional and rural Victoria (Australia)
- Authors: Plumb, Mandy , Hands, Beth , McIntyre, Fleur , Timler, Amanda
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport Vol. 92, no. 3 (2021), p. 388-398
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- Description: Background: Poor motor skills are an increasing issue for adolescents in our local communities. In regional Victoria, almost 20% of children starting school in 2018 were considered at risk or developmentally vulnerable in the domain of physical health and wellbeing. Purpose: The aim of the current study was to examine factors (how adolescents perceive their fine and gross motor skills, activities of daily living, comparison to peers) of motor competence that may be important to adolescents in regional Victoria, Australia, using the Adolescent Motor Competence Questionnaire (AMCQ). Methods: A sample of 183 Australian adolescents ([138 females (Mage = 15.59 years, SD = 1.56); 45 males, (Mage = 15.82 years, SD = 1.95); 12–18 years old] completed the AMCQ. Results: The mean AMCQ score was 87.86 (SD = 7.55), with no significant difference between males (M = 89.67 SD = 7.29) and females [M = 87.28 SD = 7.56; t (181 = 1.86 p =.065)]. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA), extracted five factors (Eiqenvalue of 1.389) explaining 43.46% of variance, representing, Ball Skills and Kinesthesis; Activities of Daily Living; Fine Motor and Gross Motor; Proprioception and Exteroception; Public Performance. Conclusion: The results highlight key factors important in describing an adolescent’s motor competence within regional Victoria. With physical health a priority in local communities, understanding these factors is an important first, that which may inform development of physical activity interventions for adolescents. © 2020 SHAPE America.
Spirituality as ‘detachment’ and ‘comfort’ in the context of depression
- Authors: Snider, Anne-Marie , Smith, Naomi
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal for the Study of Spirituality Vol. 11, no. 2 (2021), p. 117-129
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- Description: For this study, 40 people with a diagnosis of depression were interviewed about their conceptualisations of spirituality and religion, and whether or not this had an effect on their personal recovery from depression. The aim of the study was to explore the meanings of spirituality in the context of depression. Using a thematic analysis guided by a multi-perspective approach, this paper adds two novel qualities to the meanings of spirituality in the context of depression: ‘detachment’ and ‘comfort’. These are discussed in relation to research on the effects of spirituality on depression, and to current thematic research on experiences of spirituality among adults diagnosed with depression. The findings of this study are speculative and exploratory in nature. © 2021 International Network for the Study of Spirituality and Taylor & Francis.
Study addiction and ‘dark’ personality traits : a cross-sectional survey study among emerging adults
- Authors: Kircaburun, Kagan , Süral, Irfan , March, Evita , Balta, Sabah , Emirtekin, Emrah , Griffiths, Mark
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Addictive Diseases Vol. 39, no. 3 (2021), p. 307-315
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- Description: Background: Research has shown that personality traits can have an important role in the development and maintenance of behavioral addictions. However, the relationship between dark personality traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, narcissism, sadism, spitefulness) and ‘study addiction’ has yet to be investigated. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations of dark traits with study addiction among the total sample, males, and females separately, while adjusting for the Big Five personality traits (i.e., extroversion, neuroticism, agreeableness, openness, conscientiousness). Methods: A total of 716 university students completed an online survey, including questions assessing the aforementioned variables. Results: Hierarchical regression analysis suggested that being female, neuroticism, conscientiousness, Machiavellianism, and sadism were positively associated with study addiction. However, dark personality traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, sadism) were significantly related to study addiction only in males but not in females. Conclusions: Findings of this preliminary study suggest that dark personality traits may be better at explaining male addictive studying patterns and that gender should be taken into account when investigating the role of personality in the development of study addiction. © 2021 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
The functional field of view of older adults is associated with contrast discrimination in the magnocellular not parvocellular pathway
- Authors: Power, Garry , Conlon, Elizabeth , Zele, Andrew
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journals of Gerontology - Series B Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences Vol. 76, no. 6 (2021), p. 1086-1094
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- Description: Objectives: As we age, the functional field of view (FFOV) declines and these declines predict falls and motor vehicle accidents in older adults (Owsley, C. (2013). Visual processing speed. Vision Research, 90, 52-56. doi:10.1016/j.visres.2012.11.014). To increase understanding of possible causes of this decline, the current study explored whether the FFOV in older adults is associated with the sensitivity of the magnocellular and parvocellular sub-cortical pathways. Method: Forty-four younger (M = 27.18, SD = 5.40 years) and 44 older (M = 72.18, SD = 5.82 years) adults completed an FFOV test and the steady- and pulsed-pedestal paradigms of Pokorny and Smith (Pokorny, J., & Smith, V. C. (1997). Psychophysical signatures associated with magnocellular and parvocellular pathway contrast gain. Journal of the Optical Society of America. A, Optics, Image Science, and Vision, 14, 2477-2486. doi:10.1364/josaa.14.002477) as measures of magnocellular and parvocellular pathways, respectively. Results: Older adults made more FFOV errors and had higher contrast discrimination thresholds in both the steady- and pulsed-pedestal paradigms, than younger adults. FFOV errors in the younger group were not related to contrast discrimination thresholds. In multiple regression, older group FFOV errors showed a strong unique association with contrast discrimination thresholds mediated via the magnocellular, but not the parvocellular pathway. Discussion: We infer that reduced magnocellular pathway contrast sensitivity may contribute to reduced functional vision in older adults. © 2020 The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
The role of ideological attitudes in responses to COVID-19 threat and government restrictions in Australia
- Authors: Clarke, Edward , Klas, Anna , Dyos, Emily
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 175, no. (2021), p.
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- Description: Many government strategies to reduce the spread of Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) involved unprecedented restrictions on personal movement, disrupting social and economic norms. Although generally well-received in Australia, community frustration regarding these restrictions appeared to diverge across political lines. Therefore, we examined the unique effects of the ideological subfactors of Right-Wing Authoritarianism (RWA; Aggression, Submission and Conventionalism) and Social Dominance Orientation (SDO; Dominance and Anti-egalitarianism) in predicting perceived personal threat of COVID-19, and support for and reactance to government restrictions, in Australian residents across two separate samples (S1 N = 451, S2 N = 838). COVID-19 threat was positively predicted by Submission, and negatively by Conventionalism, and Anti-egalitarianism. Support for restrictions was also positively predicted by Submission, and negatively by Conventionalism, Dominance, and Anti-egalitarianism. Reactance to government restrictions was negatively predicted by Submission, and positively by Conventionalism, Dominance, and Anti-egalitarianism. These findings suggest that right-wing ideological subfactors contribute to the one's perception of COVID-19 threat and government restrictions differentially. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
“It runs in your blood” : reflections from treatment seeking gamblers on their family history of gambling
- Authors: Dowling, Nicki , Francis, K. , Dixon, R. , Merkouris, Stephanie , Thomas, Shane
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Gambling Studies Vol. 37, no. 2 (2021), p. 689-710
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- Description: There are considerable gaps in our understanding of the familial transmission of gambling problems. This convergent mixed-methods study aimed to explore the: (1) sources of heterogeneity in the familial (paternal, maternal, and sibling) transmission of gambling problems; (2) degree to which family-of-origin characteristics are associated with family-of-origin problem gambling; and (3) beliefs of gamblers about the nature of the familial transmission of problem gambling. The sample consisted of 97 treatment-seeking gamblers in Australia. One-quarter (25.5%) of participants reported that at least one family member (16.5% father, 7.5% mother, 7.6% siblings) living with them when they were growing up had a gambling problem. Most participants reported that family members with a positive history of problem gambling were biological relatives, lived with them full-time, and experienced long-term difficulties with gambling. Participants with a family history of problem gambling were young (less than 12 years of age) at the onset of parental, but not sibling, problem gambling, were women, and reported difficulties with the same gambling activity as their family member. Participants raised in families with problem gambling were more likely to report parental separation (risk ratio [RR] = 2.32) and divorce (RR = 2.83), and extreme family financial hardship (RR = 1.80), as well as low levels of paternal authoritative parenting than participants raised in non-problem gambling families. Qualitatively, both social learning and genetics were perceived to play a central role in the familial transmission of gambling problems. These findings inform theories of the familial transmission of gambling problems and the design of targeted prevention and intervention strategies. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Shane Thomas” is provided in this record**
A narrative review of pharmacotherapy treatment for opioid addiction and application in a community-based model in Victoria, Australia
- Authors: Vishwanath, Tejaswini , Cash, Penelope , Penney, Wendy , Cant, Robyn
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction Vol. 18, no. 1 (2020), p. 66-76
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- Description: To review the literature regarding the value and consumer focus of research on opioid replacement therapy (ORT) programs, relevant to the Australian rural context and community pharmacy. We conducted a narrative review of literature published between 1995 and 2015, searching EBSCOhost, PubMed and Google Scholar. Three authors collaborated to screen and synthesise studies. Effectiveness, cost affordability, diversion and retention benefits were reported from pharmacological or prescribers’ or dispensers’ standpoint. Research was fragmented and evaluated contributions of these individual types of stakeholders with less discussion of consumers, or consumers’ everyday experiences of ORT. No studies took into account consumers’ psychosocial aspects or power discourses. We found ORT as a beneficial treatment for opioid dependence is well researched, although overall Australian program evaluation was lacking. A gap within ORT literature should be addressed by making consumer experiences central in designs for future research and for program evaluation. © 2018, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
A review and recommendations for the integration of forensic expertise within police cold case reviews
- Authors: Chapman, Brendan , Keatley, David , Oatley, Giles , Coumbaros, John , Maker, Garth
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Criminal Psychology Vol. 10, no. 2 (2019), p. 79-91
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- Description: Purpose: Cold case review teams and the processes that they adopt in their endeavour to solve historic crimes are varied and largely underreported. Of the limited literature surrounding the topic of cold case reviews, the focus is on clearance rates and the selection of cases for review. While multiple reports and reviews have been undertaken and recommend that the interface between investigators and forensic scientists be improved, there is little evidence of cold case teams comprised of a mixture of investigators and scientists or experts. With the growing reliance on forensic science as an aide to solvability, the authors propose that the inclusion of forensic scientists to the central cold case investigation may be a critical factor in future success. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach: To support the proposed approach, the authors conducted a review of the current literature seeking insight into the reported make-up of cold case teams. In conjunction with this, the authors reviewed a number of commissioned reports intended to improve cold case reviews and forensic services. Findings: While many of the reviewed reports and recommendations suggested better integration with scientists and external expertise, little evidence of this in practice was reported within published literature. Open dialogue and cross pollination between police investigators and forensic scientists are likely to mitigate biases, inform case file triage and better equip investigations with contemporary and cutting-edge scientific solutions to the evidence analysis for cold cases. Furthermore, with respect to scientists within academia, large pools of resources by way of student interns or researchers may be available to assist resource-sparse policing jurisdictions. Originality/value: To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first peer-reviewed recommendation for the consideration of integrated forensic scientists within a cold case review team. Multiple reports suggest the need for closer ties, but it is the anecdotal experience of the authors that the benefits of a blended task force approach may yield greater success. © 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited.