Den of Nargun, Mitchell River National Park
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: An Historical Geography of Tourism in Victoria, Australia Chapter 5 p. 87-110
- Full Text: false
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- Description: This chapter is concerned to document the history of the development of the Den of Nargun as a tourism site utilising the theoretical constructs developed by MacCannell (1976), Butler (1980) and Gunn (1994). These perspectives provide insights into the historical maturation of a cultural or natural site into a tourism attraction. MacCannell’s (1976) perspective reflects progressive development of attractions over five phases – naming, framing and elevation, enshrinement and duplication, and social reproduction. For the purpose of this study, Butler’s (1980) ‘tourism area life cycle model’ will be correlated with MacCannell’s model of the evolution of attractions in order to navigate the development and tourism history of the Den of Nargun. Furthermore, utilisation of Gunn’s (1994) spatial model helps to provide an understanding of the contextual and environmental development and character of the site.
Introduction: Nascent Tourism in Victoria, Australia – Insights into the evolution of its tourism landscape
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: An Historical Geography of Tourism in Victoria, Australia p. 1-14
- Full Text: false
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- Description: This work is concerned with the emergence of tourism in colonial Victoria, Australia, and is part of ongoing research into understanding Victoria’s ‘tourism era of discovery’ (Towner, 1996: 140). It is concerned with the processes of ‘opening up’ new attractions and its focus is the discovery state of the development of tourism or what Young (1983) has termed ‘pretourism’. Victoria’s tourism era of discovery, here defined as ‘nascent tourism’ or ‘pretourism’, is a period that has generally been neglected in tourism histories in Australia, notwithstanding the recent works of Bonyhady (2000), Horne (2005), and Inglis (2007). Nascent tourism, defined as the embryonic or emergent phase in which natural attractions are coming into being as the subject of tourist visitation, will be contextualized in the study of eight tourism sites that will be the primary focus of this work. Travellers’ accounts and other contemporary sources will be used to provide us with insights into Victoria’s nascent tourism – through them; we should be able to see the various places that were emerging as tourist sites in the colonial space. The sources are interrogated as journals or narratives that offer a biography of the journey in ways similar to Carter’s (1988) and Ryan’s (1996) interrogations of the journals of Australian explorers. These accounts enable observations of tourism and travel phenomena to be contrasted and allow geographical and temporal controls to be applied. Accounts from the 1830s and 1840s, for example, capture the nascent state of hospitality and travel as it was centred around squatting stations; the 1850s and 1860s show the evolution of an accommodation industry away from Melbourne and the improvement of transport infrastructure contrasted with the chaos caused by the gold rushes and the emergence of fledgling townships such as Ararat and Ballarat.
The Buchan Caves Reserve
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: An Historical Geography of Tourism in Victoria, Australia Chapter 3 p. 36-63
- Full Text: false
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- Description: The Buchan Caves Reserve is some 360km east of Melbourne, near the township of Buchan. The Reserve is jointly managed by Parks Victoria and the Gunaikurnai Land and Water Aboriginal Corporation. It contains a visitor centre and facilities for overnight camping and day visitors. Within the reserve lies a honeycomb of caves with limestone formations – but there are only two show caves, Royal Cave (see Fig.3.1) and Fairy Cave (see Fig.3.2), and guided tours are conducted year round. The Buchan Caves Reserve falls within the Krauatungalung language area (Clark, 1998a: 189-190). This language or dialect, is one of five normally referred to as the ‘Ganai nation’ or ‘Kurnai nation’, a cluster of dialects sharing linguistic, social, cultural, political, and family associations.
Mount Buninyong Scenic Reserve
- Authors: Watson, Jaimie , Clark, Ian
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: An Historical Geography of Tourism in Victoria, Australia Chapter 7 p. 135-154
- Full Text: false
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- Description: This chapter provides a historical examination of Mount Buninyong, tracing its evolution from an Aboriginal cultural site into a recreational tourist attraction. It follows the example set by Clark’s (2002) study of the evolution of Lal Lal Falls as a tourism attraction and documents the development of Mount Buninyong as a tourism attraction with significant consideration of key moments such as the first accounts of European visitation in 1837, its declaration as a public reserve in 1866, and the year 1926 when a road was built to the summit. To understand the history and evolution of tourism visitation to the Mount, this chapter will explain this transition by showing the significance of the works provided by MacCannell (1976; 1999), Butler (1980) and Gunn (1994). It will demonstrate that when these theoretical models are combined they contain explanatory materials capable of comprehending the history and evolution of a natural and cultural tourism attraction. MacCannell’s studies into the development of secular attractions suggest they go through five stages including sight sacralization and/or naming, framing and elevation, enshrinement and duplication or mechanical reproduction, and finally social reproduction. Butler’s tourism area life cycle model may explain the succeeding stagnation and rejuvenation of the Mount. Gunn’s spatial model of three zones of visitor interaction should provide an understanding of the evolution and history of planning at Mount Buninyong
The You Yangs Regional Parks
- Authors: Dolce, Ever , Clark, Ian
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: An Historical Geography of Tourism in Victoria, Australia Chapter 9 p. 181-205
- Full Text: false
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Bunjils Shelter, Black Range Scenic Reserve
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: An Historical Geography of Tourism in Victoria, Australia Chapter 4 p. 64-86
- Full Text: false
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- Description: This chapter presents a detailed history of the Aboriginal art site known as Bunjils Shelter situated in the Black Range Scenic Reserve, near Stawell (see Fig.4.1). It is the only known site in Victoria to contain bichrome figures and an anthropomorphic figure whose identity is known. The existence of the art site had been rumoured among the European population since the 1850s, however its existence was first confirmed when Alfred William Howitt (1904) revealed its general location, from information he gained in the summer of 1883/84 from John Connolly, a Jardwadjali speaker he interviewed at Ramahyuck Aboriginal station. Although the location of the site did not become public knowledge until 1957, its location was known to a select group of local European people from at least 1911. The incidence of graffiti also dates from this time. The site is generally regarded to be one of the most significant of the 150 or so Aboriginal art sites in Victoria, and yet its management has been characterized by nagging doubts about its authenticity (see Clark, 2005).
An historical geography of tourism in Victoria, Australia: case studies
- Authors: Clark, Ian , Dolce, Ever , Justin, Lisa , Sergi, Sharnee , Skidmore, Stephanie , Watson, Jaimee
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Book
- Full Text: false
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