Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling of the structure of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in adults
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Stavropoulos, Vasileios
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Assessment Vol. 28, no. 6 (Sep 2021), p. 1570-1582
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- Description: The Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) involves a simple structure firstorder three-factor oblique model, with factors for depression, anxiety, and stress. Recently, concerns have been raised over the value of using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) for studying the factor structure of scales in general. However, such concerns can be circumvented using exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). Consequently, the present study used CFA and ESEM with target rotation to examine the factor structure of the DASS21 among an adult community. It compared first-order CFA, ESEM with target rotation, bifactor CFA (BCFA), and bi-factor BESEM with target rotation model with group/specific factors for depression, anxiety, and stress. A total of 738 adults (males = 374, and females =364; M = 25.29 years; SD = 7.61 years) completed the DASS-21. While all models examined showed good global fit values, one or more of the group/specific factors in the BCFA, ESEM with target rotation and BESEM with target rotation models were poorly defined. As the firstorder CFA model was most parsimonious, with well-defined factors that were also supported in terms of their reliabilities and validities, this model was selected as the preferred DASS21 model. The implications of the findings for use and revision of the DASS-21 are discussed
Equivalency for father and mother ratings of the ADHD symptoms
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology Vol. 38, no. 3 (2010), p. 303-314
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- Description: The study used multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) procedures to examine the measurement and construct equivalencies for father and mother ratings of ADHD symptoms, recoded as binary scores. Fathers (N = 387) and mothers (N = 411) rated their primary school-aged children on the Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale (Barkley & Murphy, 1998). For the multiple-group CFA analyses, the results involving differences in practical fit indices supported full measurement and construct equivalencies, whereas the chi-square difference test showed lack of equivalency in five symptoms for factor loadings, four symptoms for error variance, and the variance and mean scores for the hyperactivity-impulsivity factor. For the MIMIC analyses, six symptoms lacked equivalency for thresholds. These findings extend existing data in this area. The theoretical, psychometric and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
Invariance of parent and teacher ratings of the ADHD Symptoms for an Australian community sample of primary school children
- Authors: Gomez, Andre , Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Advances in Psychology Research, Volume 66 Chapter 11 p. 291-302
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- Description: DSM-IV conceptualizes Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in terms of two symptoms groups, namely inattention (IA; 9 symptoms) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI; 9 symptoms). The current study used confronatory factor analysis to examine the invariance of parent and teacher ratings of the ADHD symptoms for an Australian community sample of primary school children. To achieve this goal, parents and teachers of 1475 children completed a DSM-IV based ADHD rating scale. The results indicated support for configural invariance, and for full metric, scalar and error variances invariance. Findings also indicated invariance fro IA and HI latent variances, covariance between these factors, and their latent mean scores. These findings extend existing data in this area. The clinical and theoretical implication of the findings are discussed.
Invariance of parent ratings of the ADHD symptoms in Australian and Malaysian, and North European Australian and Malay Malaysia children: A mean and covariance structures analysis approach
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Attention Disorders Vol. 12, no. 5 (2009), p. 422-433
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- Description: Objective: This study used the mean and covariance structures analysis approach to examine the equality or invariance of ratings of the 18 ADHD symptoms. Method: 783 Australian and 928 Malaysian parents provided ratings for an ADHD rating scale. Invariance was tested across these groups (Comparison 1), and North European Australian (n = 623) and Malay Malaysian (n = 571, Comparison 2) groups. Results: Results indicate support for form and item factor loading invariance; more than half the total number of symptoms showed item intercept invariance, and 14 symptoms showed invariance for error variances. There was invariance for both the factor variances and the covariance, and the latent mean scores for hyperactivity/impulsivity. For inattention latent scores, the Malaysian (Comparison 1) and Malay Malaysian (Comparison 2) groups had higher scores. Conclusion: These results indicate fairly good support for invariance for parent ratings of the ADHD symptoms across the groups compared. (J. of Att. Diss. 2009; 12(5) 422-433)
Latent profile analysis of working memory performance in a sample of children with ADHD
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Gomez, Rashika , Winther, Jo , Vance, Alasdair
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology Vol. 42, no. 8 (2014), p. 1367-1379
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- Description: The current study used latent profile analysis (LPA) to ascertain distinct groups of children with ADHD (N = 701) in terms of performance on working memory (WM) tasks that tapped visuospatial sketchpad, spatial central executive, and verbal central executive functions. It compared the WM performances of these classes with a clinical comparison group (N = 59). The participants' age ranged from 7 to 16 years (586 males, 71 females). The results of the LPA supported three classes. For all three WM tasks, class 1 (N = 196) had more difficulties than classes 2 (N = 394) and 3 (N = 111), and the clinical comparison group. Class 2 had more difficulties than class 3 and the clinical comparison group, and there was no difference between class 3 and the clinical comparison group. Class 1 had lower IQ and academic abilities, and relatively more individuals with depressive disorders. The implications of the findings for understanding ADHD and its treatment are discussed.
Maternal ratings of ODD symptoms : Subtypes versus severity in a general community sample of children
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Stavropoulos, Vasileios
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Comprehensive Psychiatry Vol. 81, no. (2018), p. 81-90
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- Description: Background and aims: Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is a common childhood disorder (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2000; APA, 2013). The aim of the present study was to ascertain the optimal structure for the ODD symptoms by identifying whether ODD is a qualitatively distinct entity (categorical) or is a continuum, with high levels on this continuum reflecting ODD (quantitative or dimensional view). Methods: Mothers' ratings of the ODD symptoms of 457 children, aged 3 to 15 years, as presented in the disruptive behavior rating scale were obtained. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), latent class analysis (LCA), and factor mixture modelling (FMM) were applied to determine the best model for oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms in children. Results: The findings provided most support for a FMM with 3 classes (unaffected odd class, at risk class, and affected class) and 3 factors (oppositional, antagonistic, and negative affect). Conclusion: The findings are discussed in relation to dimensional, categorical, and hybrid (categorical/dimensional) models of ODD symptoms.
Parent ratings of ADHD symptoms : Differential symptom functioning across Malaysian Malay and Chinese children
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Vance, Alasdair
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology Vol. 36, no. 6 (2008), p. 955-967
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- Description: This study examined differential symptom functioning (DSF) in ADHD symptoms across Malay and Chinese children in Malaysia. Malay (N=571) and Chinese (N=254) parents completed the Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale, which lists the DSM-IV ADHD symptoms. DSF was examined using the multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) structural equation modeling procedure. Although DSF was found for a single inattention (IA) symptom and three hyperactivity-impulsivity (HI) symptoms, all these differences had low effect sizes. Controlling for these DSF, Chinese children had higher IA and HI latent factor scores. However the effect sizes were small. Together, these findings suggest adequate support for invariance of the ADHD symptoms across these ethno-cultural groups. The implications of the findings for cross-cultural invariance of the ADHD symptoms are discussed.