Network analyses of Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) symptoms in children
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Stavropoulos, Vasileios , Gomez, Andre , Brown, Taylor , Watson, Shaun
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: BMC Psychiatry Vol. 22, no. 1 (2022), p. 263-263
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- Description: Based on parent and teacher ratings of their children, this study used regularized partial correlation network analysis (EBIC glasso) to examine the structure of DSM-5 Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) symptoms. Parent and teachers (N = 934) from the general community in Malaysia completed questionnaires covering DSM-5 ODD symptoms. The most central ODD symptom for parent ratings was anger, followed by argue. For teacher ratings, it was anger, followed by defy. For both parent and teacher ratings, the networks revealed at least medium effect size connections for temper and argue, defy, and argue, blames others, and annoy, and spiteful and angry. Overall, the findings were highly comparable across parent and teacher ratings, and they showed a novel understanding of the structure of the ODD symptoms. The clinical implications of the findings for assessment and treatment of ODD are discussed.
Cloninger's personality dimensions and ADHD : A meta-analytic review
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Van Doorn, George , Watson, Shaun , Gomez, Andre , Stavropoulos, Vasileios
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 107, no. (2017), p. 219-227
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- Description: A meta-analysis of up to 20 datasets is reported that examined the relationships between Cloninger's personality dimensions and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Cloninger's model comprises four temperament (Novelty-Seeking, Harm-Avoidance, Reward Dependence, and Persistence) and three character (Self-Directedness, Cooperation, and Self-Transcendence) dimensions. Major findings were that all personality dimensions, except Self-Transcendence, were significantly associated with ADHD. These associations had different directions and magnitudes of relationship with ADHD. The associations were especially strong for Novelty-Seeking and Self-Directedness, being positive for Novelty-Seeking and negative for Self-Directedness. In addition, the association between ADHD and Persistence was moderated by age (stronger in children than adults) and source (stronger in clinical samples than community samples). Further, the association between harm avoidance and ADHD was moderated by age (strong and significant in adults, but not significant in children). Findings are discussed in relation to past work and the different strengths of the associations found between Cloninger's personality dimensions and ADHD, developmental differences in these relationships, implications for theoretical models of ADHD, the influence of biological and environmental factors in the expression of ADHD, implications for treatment and diagnosis, and the underlying processes for the relationships between personality and ADHD. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd
Interrelationships of the Rothbart's temperament model constructs with revised-reinforcement sensitivity theory constructs
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Watson, Shaun , Gomez, Andre
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 99, no. (2016), p. 118-121
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- Description: Relationships between the constructs in Rothbart's temperament model and the revised-reinforcement sensitivity theory (r-RST) were examined. A group of 329 adults from the general population completed the Adult Temperament Questionnaire and the Behavioural Inhibition System/Behavioural Activation System Scales. Correlation analyses showed that temperament negative affectivity was relatively highly associated with the RST constructs of the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and fight-flight-freeze system (FFFS) and temperament extraversion/surgency was relatively highly associated with the behavioral approach system (BAS) construct of reward responsiveness. Temperament effortful control showed no association with the RST constructs. The overlap between the constructs in Rothbart's temperament and r-RST models is discussed. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.
Agreement of adolescent ratings with mother ratings and teacher ratings of ADHD symptom groups: A correlated trait-correlated method minus one analysis
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Gomez, Andre
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 82, no. (2015), p. 131-135
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- Description: This study examined the level of agreement of adolescent ratings with mother ratings, and adolescent ratings with teacher ratings of the inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) symptom groups of ADHD. A total of 214 adolescents provided self-ratings of IA and HI, and their IA and HI were also rated by their mothers and teachers. The correlated trait-correlated method minus one model was applied, with adolescent ratings as the reference method, and the other two ratings as the non-reference methods. The findings indicated no additional variance in adolescent ratings for IA and HI that could not be accounted by mother ratings of IA and HI, respectively. In contrast, there was additional variance in adolescent ratings for IA and HI that could was not accounted by teacher ratings of IA and HI, respectively. The findings suggest that when diagnosing ADHD in adolescents, their reports of their own ADHD behaviors are not needed when mother reports of such behaviors are used. © 2015.
Children's depression inventory: Invariance across children and adolescents with and without depressive disorders
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Vance, Alasdair , Gomez, Andre
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Psychological Assessment Vol. 24, no. 1 (2012), p. 1-10
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- Description: In the study, the authors examined the measurement (configural, factor loadings, thresholds, and error variances) and structural (factor variances, covariances, and mean scores) invariance of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI; Kovacs, 1992) across ratings provided by clinic-referred children and adolescents with (N = 383) and without (N = 412) depressive disorders. Multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis of the Craighead, Smucker, Craighead, and Ilardi (1998) CDI model supported full measurement invariance and invariance for structural variances and covariances. Invariance for thresholds was also supported by multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) procedures that controlled for the effects of age; sex; and the presence or absence of anxiety disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and oppositional defiant/conduct disorders. The MIMIC analyses showed that for latent mean scores, the group with depressive disorders had higher scores, with at least medium effect sizes, for Self-Deprecation and Biological Dysregulation. The theoretical, psychometric, and clinical implications of the findings are discussed. © 2011 American Psychological Association.
Item response theory analyses of parent and teacher ratings of the ADHD symptoms for recoded dichotomous scores
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Vance, Alasdair , Gomez, Andre
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Attention Disorders Vol. 15, no. 4 (2011), p. 269-285
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- Description: Objective: The two-parameter logistic model (2PLM) was used to evaluate the psychometric properties of the inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) symptoms. Method: To accomplish this, parents and teachers completed the Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale (DBRS) for a group of 934 primary school-aged children. Results: The results for the discrimination parameters showed that all the IA and HI symptoms for both groups of respondents were generally good for discriminating those with and without IA and HI, respectively. For virtually all symptoms, their threshold values showed endorsement of the symptoms when the underlying trait levels were at least 1 to 1.5 SD above the mean. The item information function values for most symptoms indicated reasonable reliability from around the mean trait levels to moderately high trait levels. Conclusion: These findings indicate good discrimination and reliability for parent and teacher ratings of the DBRS for identifying children with relatively high levels of the ADHD symptoms. (J. of Att. Dis. 2011; 15(4) 269-285) © 2011 SAGE Publications.
Invariance of parent and teacher ratings of the ADHD Symptoms for an Australian community sample of primary school children
- Authors: Gomez, Andre , Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Advances in Psychology Research, Volume 66 Chapter 11 p. 291-302
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- Description: DSM-IV conceptualizes Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in terms of two symptoms groups, namely inattention (IA; 9 symptoms) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI; 9 symptoms). The current study used confronatory factor analysis to examine the invariance of parent and teacher ratings of the ADHD symptoms for an Australian community sample of primary school children. To achieve this goal, parents and teachers of 1475 children completed a DSM-IV based ADHD rating scale. The results indicated support for configural invariance, and for full metric, scalar and error variances invariance. Findings also indicated invariance fro IA and HI latent variances, covariance between these factors, and their latent mean scores. These findings extend existing data in this area. The clinical and theoretical implication of the findings are discussed.
Comparing the psychometric properties of the common items in the short and abbreviated versions of the Junior Eysenck Personality Questionnaires : A mean and covariance structures analysis approach
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Gomez, Andre , Fisher, John
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Personality assessment : New research Chapter p. 171-186
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- Description: 2003007944
An item response theory analysis of the Carver and White (1994) BIS/BAS Scales
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Cooper, Andrew , Gomez, Andre
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 39, no. 6 (2005), p. 1093-1103
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- Description: The Carver and White BIS/BAS Scales comprise a scale for measuring behavioural inhibition sensitivity and three scales for measuring the behavioural activation sensitivity factors of reward responsiveness, drive and fun seeking. Item response theory (IRT), using Samejima's (1969) graded response model, was used to examine the psychometric properties of these four scales. A total of 520 adult participants completed the BIS/BAS Scales. Although all items in all four scales were reasonably effective in discriminating their respective traits, they provided good measures of their respective latent traits from only moderately low to moderately high trait levels. Also, the category response curves for the first three of the four response options for the items in the reward responsiveness scale showed considerable overlap. These findings suggest some limitations in the psychometric qualities of the BIS/BAS Scale. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001244
Convergent, discriminant and concurrent validities of measures of the behavioural approach and behavioural inhibition systems : Confirmatory factor analytic approach
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Gomez, Andre
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 38, no. 1 (2005), p. 87-102
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- Description: Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) suggests that personality reflects the operation of the behavioural inhibition system (BIS), and the behavioural approach system (BAS). Several measures have been proposed for the BAS and BIS. Based on ratings by 358 adults of the BAS measures of EPI impulsivity, Carver and White's (CW) BAS and GRAPES reward expectancy, and the BIS related measures of STAI-anxiety, CW BIS and GRAPES punishment expectancy, this study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine their convergent and discriminant validities. CFA was also used to examine the relations of the BAS and BIS factors with latent extraversion and neuroticism. The results of this study indicated support for the convergent validities of all the BAS and BIS measures. With the exception of GRAPES reward expectancy, there was some support for their discriminant validities also. All BIS factors correlated negatively with extraversion and positively with neuroticism. Among the BAS measures, only EPI impulsivity correlated positively with both extraversion and neuroticism. These findings support their concurrent validities. © 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001242
Children with cormobid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder : Mediation by hostile biased social cognitions on the relation between perceived maternal parenting styles and the disruptive behavior symptoms
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Gomez, Andre
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Focus on Behaviorial Psychology Chapter 9 p. 47-65
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- Description: B1
- Description: 2003000502
Neuroticism and extraversion as predictors of negative and positive emotional information processing : Comparing Eysenck's, Gray's, and Newman's theories
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Gomez, Andre , Cooper, Andrew
- Date: 2002
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: European Journal of Personality Vol. 16, no. 5 (2002), p. 333-350
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- Description: This study compared how extraversion, neuroticism, and extraversion × neuroticism are related to processing of pleasant and unpleasant emotional information as predicted by Eysenck's, Gray's, and Newman's theories. Initially, the participants' levels of extraversion (as measured by the sociability subscale) and neuroticism were assessed with Eysenck's Personality Inventory. They were then tested individually. After completing a questionnaire of current positive and negative moods, they completed three tasks measuring processing of pleasant, unpleasant, and also neutral information. The results showed that extraversion was associated positively with the processing of pleasant information, while neuroticism was associated positively with the processing of unpleasant information. These findings support predictions from Eysenck's theory. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
- Description: 2003000179
Personality traits of the behavioural approach and inhibition systems : Associations with processing of emotional stimuli
- Authors: Gomez, Andre , Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2002
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 32, no. 8 (2002), p. 1299-1316
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- Description: This study examined the relationships of the traits associated with Gray's behavioral approach system (BAS) and behavioural inhibition system (BIS) with cognitive processing of emotional information. Initially, participants completed questionnaires covering trait impulsivity and anxiety, and BAS and BIS sensitivities. They were then tested individually. After completing a questionnaire of current positive and negative moods, they completed three tasks measuring processing of pleasant, unpleasant and neutral information. Consistent with Gray's theory, the results showed that impulsivity and BAS sensitivity were associated with the processing of pleasant information, while anxiety and BIS sensitivity were associated with the processing of unpleasant information. These findings imply that Gray's BAS-BIS theory can be extended to cognitive processing of emotional information. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Description: 2003000180
The effects of perceived maternal parenting styles on the disruptive behaviours of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/oppositional defiant disorder : Mediation by hostile biased social cognitions
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Gomez, Andre
- Date: 2002
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Advances in Psychology, Volume II Chapter 8 p. 37-55
- Full Text: false
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- Description: B1
- Description: 2003000181
Perceived maternal control and support : Effects on hostile biased social information processing and aggression among clinic-referred children with high aggression
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Gomez, Andre , DeMello, Lesley , Tallent, Ron
- Date: 2001
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines Vol. 42, no. 4 (2001), p. 513-522
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- Description: Based on a sample of 89 aggressive clinic-referred children, aged between 9 and 11 years, a longitudinal study of 1-year duration was conducted to examine (a) whether the children's perception of control and support of their mothers' to them predicted their hostile attribution of intent and hostile response selection, and (b) whether these hostile biased social cognitions mediated the relationships between their perceived maternal behaviours and their aggression. Participants completed a questionnaire covering both the perceived maternal control and support. One year later, their hostile attribution of intent and response selection, and aggression, were measured. Results showed that perceived maternal control and perceived maternal support were associated positively and negatively, respectively, with both the social cognition measures. Also, the social cognition measures mediated the relationships of the perceived maternal measures with aggression. The findings are discussed in terms of how children's hostile biased relational schemas and scripts, developed from negative parenting and insecure attachment, favour more hostile social cognitions, and how these in turn mediate children's current hostile biased social behaviours.