Species diversity in Friesea (Neanuridae) reveals similar biogeographic patterns among Antarctic Collembola
- Authors: Stevens, Mark , Greenslade, Penelope , D’Haese, Cyrille
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Zoologica Scripta Vol. 50, no. 5 (2021), p. 647-657
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- Description: The pan-Antarctic distributions of several collembolan species have been supported by morphology for over 120 years. However, for most species where molecular data are available, these are now known to belong instead to several species, and most classified as short-range endemics. One such species, Friesea grisea, had a pan-Antarctic distribution that has been in question, but until recently, specimens of F. grisea from the type locality on South Georgia have not been included in any molecular appraisal. Here, we compare the molecular identity of specimens of F. grisea, from South Georgia, with other Antarctic and sub-Antarctic species using the mitochondrial COI gene. A Bayesian phylogenetic analysis for 14 species of Friesea from southern regions, including F. grisea sensu stricto with species previously identified as ‘F. grisea’ (F. antarctica, F. gretae and F. propria) confirms the distinctness of the South Georgian specimens based on molecular data, and these results are confirmed morphologically. The genus Friesea is one of the most speciose genera of Collembola known in the Antarctic region, and we provide an annotated key (dichotomous and interactive versions) to all Friesea species in the sub-Antarctic and Antarctica. We compare the biogeography of Friesea to other Collembola from the region to highlight our current understanding of species boundaries and island linkages. © 2021 Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.
New Lobellini (collembola : neanuridae) from Queensland contribute to understanding distribution and ecology of Australian fauna
- Authors: Smolis, Adrian , Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Austral Entomology Vol. 59, no. 2 (2020), p. 253-264
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- Description: Two new species from Queensland rainforest belonging to genera Hemilobella and Sphaeronura are described and illustrated with drawings and colour photographs. Hemilobella matildae sp. nov. Smolis and Greenslade is characterised by elongated tubercles laterally on body and an elongated ogival labrum. Sphaeronura ameliae sp. nov. Smolis and Greenslade differs from other taxa in the genus in chaetotaxic features and the presence of a male ventral organ. A new record of Australonura scoparia is included. The high species richness of lowland rainforests, in which these log inhabiting saproxylic species were found, is noted, and the contribution that extreme events such as cyclones in maintaining the fallen timber habitat is emphasised. The bright colour of these species may be caused by sequestered pigments from the slime moulds on which they feed. The colour probably also acts as a warning to predators that individuals are distasteful. A description of the distributions, characteristics, distinctiveness and possible genesis of Australian fauna of the subfamily Neanurinae is presented, and a checklist of species and key to all Australian genera of the subfamily is included. Species in this subfamily are predominately short-range endemics so should be surveyed whenever wet forests are under threat from logging or urban expansion. © 2020 Australian Entomological Society
A new species of Friesea (Collembola: Neanuridae) from the Antarctic Continent
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Natural History Vol. 52, no. 33-34 (2018), p. 2197-2207
- Full Text: false
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- Description: A new species of Friesea was found in East Antarctica and is described here as Friesea eureka sp. nov. This is the first new collembolan species to be described from the Antarctic continent in 30 years, even though ice-free areas have been intensively surveyed over that time. It brings to five the number of described species of the genus Friesea known from the Antarctic continent and Peninsula, so is the most speciose genus of Collembola in the region. However, one of these, F. grisea Schäffer, comprises a number of cryptic species of different molecular lineages. The new species is distinguished by having 4 + 4 ocelli plus 1 + 1 hardly visible, a very reduced furca, up to four or five faintly clavate tenent hairs, four anal spines and four spinose chaetae in adult. The restricted distribution of the species emphasises the importance of protecting ice-free areas on the continent as they often contain at least one locally endemic faunal species.
A revision of the genus Lepidobrya Womersley (Collembola: Entomobryidae) based on morphology and sequence data of the genotype
- Authors: Zhang, Feng , Greenslade, Penelope , Stevens, Mark
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Zootaxa Vol. 4221, no. 5 (2017), p. 523-536
- Full Text: false
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- Description: The genus Lepidobrya Womersley, previously placed in Willowsiini, is re-diagnosed based on a redescription of the type species L. mawsoni (Tillyard) and its DNA barcode. Specimens possess narrow, pointed scales on the dens, two inner teeth on unguis, a truncate unguiculus with an outer tooth, a bidentate mucro with a basal spine and ordinary tergal S-chaetae 2, 2 vertical bar 1, 2, 2, ?, 3, so belongs to the Entomobryinae. Its systematic position and relationships to other scaled Entomobryinae genera are discussed and comments are made on the distribution of the genus as well as on ecology.
Bioacoustic and multi-locus DNA data of Ninox owls support high incidence of extinction and recolonisation on small, low-lying islands across Wallacea
- Authors: Gwee, Chyi , Christidis, Les , Eaton, James , Norman, Janette , Trainor, Colin , Verbelen, Philippe , Rheindt, Frank
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution Vol. 109, no. (2017), p. 246-258
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Known for their rich biodiversity and high level of endemism, the islands of Wallacea serve as natural laboratories for the study of spatio-temporal evolution and patterns of species diversification. Our study focuses on the owl genus Ninox, particularly the Southern Boobook (N. novaeseelandiae) and Moluccan Boobook (N. squamipila) complexes, which are widely distributed across Australasia. We conducted bioacoustic and multi-locus DNA analyses of 24 Ninox owl taxa to evaluate relationships and levels of divergence within the two complexes and ultimately assess the relationship between patterns of taxonomic differentiation and bioclimatic factors. We found that taxa that are vocally and/or genetically distinct from populations on the Australian mainland are found on islands that are significantly larger and higher in altitude than taxa that are vocally and/or genetically indistinct from populations on the Australian mainland. This pattern suggests that taxa occurring on small, low-lying Wallacean islands are likely to be recent colonisers that have dispersed from Australia. Overall, our observations demonstrate that the genus Ninox is likely to have colonised the Wallacean region multiple times as small, low-lying islands undergo frequent extinction, whereas populations on large and high-altitude islands are more resilient. (C) 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
New Australian Paronellidae (Collembola) reveal anomalies in existing tribal diagnoses
- Authors: Zhang, Feng , Ma, Yitong , Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Invertebrate Systematics Vol. 31, no. 4 (2017), p. 375-393
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- Description: We describe here two new species, Zhuqinia jingwanae, gen. & sp. nov. and Paronellides praefectus, sp. nov., both from Mount Twynam, New South Wales, Australia. The systematic position of Zhuqinia, gen. nov. in relation to other paronellids is not clear because the new genus possesses pointed, heavily striated scales similar to species of Callyntrurini. However, unlike species in that tribe, it lacks dental scales. Instead, Zhuqinia, gen. nov. is more similar to the unscaled genus Paronellides (Cremastocephalini) in other characters (abundant tergal macrochaetae, 2, 2|1, 2, 2, ?, 3 tergal S-chaetae, moderately long mucro with two teeth, etc.) but body scales are absent in all species of Paronellides. Multilocus phylogeny shows Zhuqinia, gen. nov. clustering with Paronellides rather than Callyntrurini or other Cremastocephalini genera. This study provides new information on the relationships between paronellid taxa, and changes the current higher classification of the family, particularly that of the tribes Cremastocephalini and Callyntrurini. As the new genus is known only from two peaks in the Snowy Mountain range, our data emphasise the role of montane areas as refugia for short-range endemic taxa. © CSIRO 2017.
A new species of Metacoelura (Collembola: Paronellidae) from Australia, and redescription of Metacoelura articulata
- Authors: Ma, Yitong , Zhao, Chun , Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Zootaxa Vol. 4105, no. 4 (2016), p. 381-388
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LP0990309
- Full Text: false
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- Description: The genus Metacoelura Salmon, 1951 is unusual as it possesses some characters typical of the family Entomobryidae and others of the Paronellidae. Three species and subspecies have been described, all from Australasian tropical regions. Me-tacoelura articulata is redescribed and a new species, Metacoelura majeri sp. nov., is described based on material collec-ted in Australia. A key to species of the genus is provided. Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press.
Synonymy of Katianna coeruleocephala Handschin, 1920 (Collembola: Katiannidae) with Bourletiella viridescens (Bourletiellidae)
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Zootaxa Vol. 4066, no. 1 (2016), p. 78-80
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- Description: Katianna coeruleocephala was described by Handschin in 1920 from Poespo, Java. It was collected in December, 1896 by Dr. Zehntner with the collecting details given as rotten "Louv" (leaves?) from live orchard. Handschin (1920) labelled his figures of the species (p. 146) as Katianna coerulescephala but the first spelling of the species name (p. 145) has priority. Katianna coeruleocephala has never been recollected. The only mention of the species in the literature since 1920 has been by Suhardjono (1989) in a check list for Indonesia and Suhardjono (2012) who listed it as present on Java and provided the main characteristics of the genus Katianna Börner, 1923. She stated it was a "new" (translate as endemic?) species in Java with a preferred habitat in cold and damp litter but no comment was made on the taxonomic status of the Indonesian species. There has previously been some doubt over both the original generic and family designation given by Handschin in 1920 for the species by both Yoshii (pers. comm.) and Murphy (pers. comm.) who believed it was "likely to belong to the family Bourletiellidae". They did not examine the holotype but based their comments on Handschin's (1920) figure of the mucro which shows it having fairly broad and smooth inner and outer lamellae (Fig. 5). The genus Katianna always has one, the inner, lateral lamella, distinctly toothed. The holotype and single specimen from the Basle Museum of Natural History has been examined and the results are reported here. Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press.
A note on scale morphology in Collembola
- Authors: Hawes, Timothy , Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Zootaxa Vol. 3925, no. 4 (2015), p. 594-596
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Many Collembola (e.g. Entomobryidae: Tomoceridae) are characterised by a ‘clothing’ (sensu Salmon 1941) of scales. These scales confer a metallic-silver colour, which, when the scales catch the light, renders an iridescence to the surface of these hexapods. The functional significance of these scales is incompletely understood, although there is some evidence that they contribute to predator evasion (Bauer & Pfeiffer 1991). Their presence or absence is a fundamental taxonomic character for many genera, while more specifically, their morphology has been widely used as a species-specific character since the first studies in Collembola systematics (Beck 1873; Salmon 1941). From an evolutionary perspective, scales represent a derivation of cuticular setae (André 1988) that has been adopted independently by different taxa. For example, a study by Zhang et al. (2014) has recently demonstrated the independent origin of scales at least five times in the family Entomobryidae. This note briefly draws attention to previously unrecognised complexity in scale presence and architecture in Collembola at the level of individual species. An informed recognition of this complexity is recommended for future taxonomy.
Skadisotoma, a new genus of Isotomidae (Collembola) from Australia
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope , Fjellberg, Arne
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Zootaxa Vol. 3972, no. 4 (2015), p. 573-580
- Full Text: false
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- Description: A new species and genus, Skadisotoma inpericulosa, is described from south-eastern Australia. It possesses some characters that are found in Tomoceridae, such as a long cylindrical dens that is medially bent and a mucro with at least six teeth of different sizes and three setae but in other characters it resembles an isotomid. In this it shows similarities to the Boreal genus Mucronia Fjellberg, but differs from it in the possession of spines on the dens and in some chaetotaxic characters.
The genus Drepanura (Collembola: Entomobryidae) in Australia: descriptions of two new species and redescriptions of five known species
- Authors: Ma, Yitong , Chun, Zhao , Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Zootaxa Vol. 4058, no. 3 (2015), p. 373-387
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Seven Australian species of the genus Drepanura are reported. Two of the seven are new and five are redescribed. The new species are: D. liuae sp. nov. and D. polychaeta sp. nov. Redescriptions are given for D. albocoerulea (Schött, 1917), D. cinquilineata Womersley, 1934, D. citricola Womersley, 1934, D. cobaltina (Schött, 1917) and D. coeruleopicta (Schött, 1917). The chaetotaxy is described and a key to the Australian species of the genus is given.
Towards understanding Lepidocyrtus Bourlet, 1839 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) I : Diagnosis of the subgenus Setogaster, new records and redescriptions of species
- Authors: Mateos, Eduardo , Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Zootaxa Vol. 4044, no. 1 (2015), p. 105-129
- Full Text: false
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- Description: The taxonomic status of the subgenera of Lepidocyrtus Bourlet is confused. Currently ten subgenera are recognised but their separation, using the existing set of diagnostic characters, is not clear. Collections over the last forty years have shown that species of Setogaster Salmon, originally described as a genus (Trichogaster Handschin) and currently considered a subgenus of Lepidocyrtus, are common and widespread in Australia. The diagnostic characters of Setogaster, as given by Handschin, are: 1) the basal mucronal spine with spinelet; 2) lack of scales on antennae, legs, ventral tube and dorsal region of manubrium; and, for some species, 3) tufts of long filaments laterally on abdomen III. These three diagnostic characters for Setogaster are shared with some other subgenera, making their delimitation unclear. We provide here an array of new characters that are associated with Handschin's characters which separate Setogaster from all European species of the subgenera Lanocyrtus and Lepidocyrtus s. str. On this basis we define subgenus Setogaster more in detail, redescribe some species in the subgenus, corroborate the presence of the subgenus in many Australian localities, and confirm three records of exotic, introduced species in Australia. Lepidocyrtus nigrofasciatus Womersley, Lepidocyrtus praecisus Schott, and the Hawaiian Lepidocyrtus kuakea Christiansen & Bellinger, are placed in Setogaster subgenus; Lepidocyrtus (Trichogaster) pallida Salmon from Singapore is placed in the subgenus Acrocyrtus; Merapicyrtus Yoshii & Suhardjono is considered a synonym of Setogaster. Erratum: Towards understanding Lepidocyrtus Bourlet, 1839 (Collembola, Entomobryidae) II: New Australian species (Zootaxa (2021) 4981 (365-387) DOI: 10.11646/ZOOTAXA.4981.2.9). On page 365, please include additional address for Penelope Greenslade: School of Science, Psychology and Sport, Federation University, Mt Helen, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia. © 2021 Magnolia Press.
- Description: The taxonomic status of the subgenera of Lepidocyrtus Bourlet is confused. Currently ten subgenera are recognised but their separation, using the existing set of diagnostic characters, is not clear. Collections over the last forty years have shown that species of Setogaster Salmon, originally described as a genus (Trichogaster Handschin) and currently considered a subgenus of Lepidocyrtus, are common and widespread in Australia. The diagnostic characters of Setogaster, as given by Handschin, are: 1) the basal mucronal spine with spinelet; 2) lack of scales on antennae, legs, ventral tube and dorsal region of manubrium; and, for some species, 3) tufts of long filaments laterally on abdomen III. These three diagnostic characters for Setogaster are shared with some other subgenera, making their delimitation unclear. We provide here an array of new characters that are associated with Handschin's characters which separate Setogaster from all European species of the subgenera Lanocyrtus and Lepidocyrtus s. str. On this basis we define subgenus Setogaster more in detail, redescribe some species in the subgenus, corroborate the presence of the subgenus in many Australian localities, and confirm three records of exotic, introduced species in Australia. Lepidocyrtus nigrofasciatus Womersley, Lepidocyrtus praecisus Schott, and the Hawaiian Lepidocyrtus kuakea Christiansen & Bellinger, are placed in Setogaster subgenus; Lepidocyrtus (Trichogaster) pallida Salmon from Singapore is placed in the subgenus Acrocyrtus; Merapicyrtus Yoshii & Suhardjono is considered a synonym of Setogaster.
Description and conservation status of a new species of Australotomurus (collembola: Entomobryidae: Orchesellinae) from urban Perth remnant bushland
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope , Jordana, Rafael
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Zootaxa Vol. 3872, no. 5 (2014), p. 561-576
- Full Text: false
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- Description: A new species of the Australian endemic genus Australotomurus Stach, 1947 A. morbidus sp. nov., is described from four urban remnants in Perth. Australotomurus morbidus sp. nov. is the first species in the genus found to possess male sec-ondary sexual characters on antennal segment III as well as I. The males of all other described species in the genus occur-ring in south-eastern Australia have secondary sexual characters on antennal segments I and II rather than I and III. Typical habitats for Australotomurus species are long undisturbed native grasslands and heathland at low and high elevations. The new species extends the known distribution of the genus ca. 2,000 km west. Australotomurus morbidus sp. nov. is the only species in the genus currently vulnerable to extinction because of its restricted distribution to only four localities, all of which are subject to considerable human disturbance. This species was listed as critically endangered when it was known (but not yet described) from only one locality but was delisted a few years later when three other locations for the species were found. The history and records of A. morbidus sp. nov. suggest that listing species using current Western Australian legislation does not necessarily protect vulnerable species. The new species is described here and new records for some other Australian species of Orchesellinae provided, including the first Australian record of Heteromurus major (Moniez, 1889). Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press.
Challenging species delimitation in Collembola: cryptic diversity among common springtails unveiled by DNA barcoding
- Authors: Porco, David , Bedòs, Anne , Greenslade, Penelope , Janion, Charlene , Skarzynski, Dariusz , Stevens, Mark , van Vuuren, Bettine , Deharveng, Louis
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Invertebrate Systematics Vol. 26, no. 6 (2012), p. 470-477
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Collembola is one of the major functional groups in soil as well as a model taxon in numerous disciplines. Therefore the accurate identification of specimens is critical, but could be jeopardised by cases of cryptic diversity. Several populations of six well characterised species of springtails were sequenced using the COI barcode fragment as a contribution to the global Collembola barcoding campaign. Each species showed high intraspecific divergence, comparable to interspecific sequence divergence values observed in previous studies and in 10 congeneric species barcoded here as a reference. The nuclear marker, 28S, confirmed all the intraspecific lineages found with COI, supporting the potential specific status of these entities. The implications of this finding for taxonomy and for disciplines relying on species names, such as evolution and ecology, are discussed.
- Description: C1
Challenging species delimitation in Collembola: Cryptic diversity among common springtails unveiled by DNA barcoding
- Authors: Porco, David , Bedòs, Anne , Greenslade, Penelope , Janion, Charlene , Skar , Stevens, Mark , Jansen van Vuuren, Bettine , Deharveng, Louis
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Invertebrate Systematics Vol. 26, no. 6 (2012), p. 470-477
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Collembola is one of the major functional groups in soil as well as a model taxon in numerous disciplines. Therefore the accurate identification of specimens is critical, but could be jeopardised by cases of cryptic diversity. Several populations of six well characterised species of springtails were sequenced using the COI barcode fragment as a contribution to the global Collembola barcoding campaign. Each species showed high intraspecific divergence, comparable to interspecific sequence divergence values observed in previous studies and in 10 congeneric species barcoded here as a reference. The nuclear marker, 28S, confirmed all the intraspecific lineages found with COI, supporting the potential specific status of these entities. The implications of this finding for taxonomy and for disciplines relying on species names, such as evolution and ecology, are discussed.
Springtail (Collembola) assemblages along an elevational gradient in Australian subtropical rainforest
- Authors: Maunsell, Sarah , Kitching, Roger , Greenslade, Penelope , Nakamura, Akihiro , Burwell, Chris
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Entomology Vol. 52, no. 2 (2012), p. 114-124
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Springtails are one of the most abundant groups of arthropods inhabiting soil and litter substrates within rainforest ecosystems, making significant contributions to ecological processes such as decomposition. The aim of this study is to assess the potential sensitivity of springtail assemblages to climate change by presenting some of the first data on the elevation stratification of springtail assemblages in subtropical rainforest. A standardised sampling protocol was used to compare the assemblages of families and species of springtails living within leaf-litter at three elevations in continuous rainforest in south-east Queensland, Australia. Leaf-litter was collected and springtails extracted from four replicate plots at approximately 700, 900 and 1100m a.s.l. on two sampling occasions (January 2008 and December 2008). Environment variables (elevation of plots, tree species richness, composition and basal area, soil temperature and moisture and a range of physical and chemical properties of the soil) that may correlate with springtail distributions were incorporated into the analyses. Springtail assemblages showed clear elevation patterns, despite some differences between the two sampling occasions. Springtail assemblages characteristic of different elevations particularly when examined at a finer taxonomic resolution (species compared with family-level identification) were identified. Plot elevation (m a.s.l.) correlated most strongly with patterns in springtail species assemblages, but was also highly correlated with several other environmental factors. The results indicate that springtails, as a group, respond strongly to the physico-chemical and/or biological changes that occur with increasing elevation, even over a relatively small elevation range, demonstrating that they have potential as monitoring targets as forests experience climate change. © 2012 The Authors Australian Journal of Entomology © 2012 Australian Entomological Society.
- Description: 2003011026
An ancient Antarctic endemic genus restored: morphological and molecular support for Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni (Collembola: Hypogastruridae)
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope , Stevens, Mark , Torricelli, Giulia , D'Haese, Cyrille
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Systematic entomology Vol. 36, no. 2 (2011), p. 223-240
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- Description: Gomphiocephalus hodgsoni Carpenter was only the second collembolon dagger to be described from the Antarctic continent. It was collected first in 1902 from Granite Harbour, southern Victoria Land, Eastern Antarctica, by the British National Antarctic Expedition (1901-1904). Since then several studies have investigated the distribution, ecology, ecophysiology and molecular composition of the species. Despite two morphological redescriptions and an absence of detailed evolutionary phylogenetic studies, the genus Gomphiocephalus was recently reduced to a subgenus of Schoettella Schaffer. Here, we redescribe the species in detail and use morphological and molecular (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 28S) data to indicate its generic relationships within Hypogastruridae. Characters of Gomphiocephalus do not conform with those of any extant genus in the family, including Schoettella. In addition, the only Schoettella species described from the southern hemisphere, Schoettella subcorta Salmon, is shown here to belong in the genus Xenylla. Furthermore, molecular data indicates the genus has no close relationship to any other in Poduromorpha, and in particular Hypogastruridae. Therefore, we restore Gomphiocephalus to generic status. Our results reinforce the already recognized high level of endemism in the Antarctic fauna at both species and generic levels, and emphasise the necessity of using both morphological and molecular data in determining the systematics and evolutionary relationships of the fauna.