Addressing global disparities in blood pressure control : perspectives of the International Society of Hypertension
- Schutte, Aletta, Jafar, Tazeen, Poulter, Neil, Damasceno, Albertino, Khan, Nadia, Nilsson, Peter, Alsaid, Jafar, Neupane, Dinesh, Kario, Kazuomi, Beheiry, Hind, Brouwers, Sofie, Burger, Dylan, Charchar, Fadi, Cho, Myeong-Chan, Guzik, Tomasz, Haji Al-Saedi, Ghazi, Ishaq, Muhammad, Itoh, Hiroshi, Jones, Erika, Khan, Taskeen, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kotruchin, Praew, Muxfeldt, Elizabeth, Odili, Augustine, Patil, Mansi, Ralapanawa, Udaya, Romero, Cesar, Schlaich, Markus, Shehab, Abdulla, Mooi, Ching
- Authors: Schutte, Aletta , Jafar, Tazeen , Poulter, Neil , Damasceno, Albertino , Khan, Nadia , Nilsson, Peter , Alsaid, Jafar , Neupane, Dinesh , Kario, Kazuomi , Beheiry, Hind , Brouwers, Sofie , Burger, Dylan , Charchar, Fadi , Cho, Myeong-Chan , Guzik, Tomasz , Haji Al-Saedi, Ghazi , Ishaq, Muhammad , Itoh, Hiroshi , Jones, Erika , Khan, Taskeen , Kokubo, Yoshihiro , Kotruchin, Praew , Muxfeldt, Elizabeth , Odili, Augustine , Patil, Mansi , Ralapanawa, Udaya , Romero, Cesar , Schlaich, Markus , Shehab, Abdulla , Mooi, Ching
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Cardiovascular Research Vol. 119, no. 2 (2023), p. 381-409
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Raised blood pressure (BP) is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. Yet, its global prevalence is increasing, and it remains poorly detected, treated, and controlled in both high- and low-resource settings. From the perspective of members of the International Society of Hypertension based in all regions, we reflect on the past, present, and future of hypertension care, highlighting key challenges and opportunities, which are often region-specific. We report that most countries failed to show sufficient improvements in BP control rates over the past three decades, with greater improvements mainly seen in some high-income countries, also reflected in substantial reductions in the burden of cardiovascular disease and deaths. Globally, there are significant inequities and disparities based on resources, sociodemographic environment, and race with subsequent disproportionate hypertension-related outcomes. Additional unique challenges in specific regions include conflict, wars, migration, unemployment, rapid urbanization, extremely limited funding, pollution, COVID-19-related restrictions and inequalities, obesity, and excessive salt and alcohol intake. Immediate action is needed to address suboptimal hypertension care and related disparities on a global scale. We propose a Global Hypertension Care Taskforce including multiple stakeholders and societies to identify and implement actions in reducing inequities, addressing social, commercial, and environmental determinants, and strengthening health systems implement a well-designed customized quality-of-care improvement framework. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Fadi Charchar” is provided in this record**
- Authors: Schutte, Aletta , Jafar, Tazeen , Poulter, Neil , Damasceno, Albertino , Khan, Nadia , Nilsson, Peter , Alsaid, Jafar , Neupane, Dinesh , Kario, Kazuomi , Beheiry, Hind , Brouwers, Sofie , Burger, Dylan , Charchar, Fadi , Cho, Myeong-Chan , Guzik, Tomasz , Haji Al-Saedi, Ghazi , Ishaq, Muhammad , Itoh, Hiroshi , Jones, Erika , Khan, Taskeen , Kokubo, Yoshihiro , Kotruchin, Praew , Muxfeldt, Elizabeth , Odili, Augustine , Patil, Mansi , Ralapanawa, Udaya , Romero, Cesar , Schlaich, Markus , Shehab, Abdulla , Mooi, Ching
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Cardiovascular Research Vol. 119, no. 2 (2023), p. 381-409
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Raised blood pressure (BP) is the leading cause of preventable death in the world. Yet, its global prevalence is increasing, and it remains poorly detected, treated, and controlled in both high- and low-resource settings. From the perspective of members of the International Society of Hypertension based in all regions, we reflect on the past, present, and future of hypertension care, highlighting key challenges and opportunities, which are often region-specific. We report that most countries failed to show sufficient improvements in BP control rates over the past three decades, with greater improvements mainly seen in some high-income countries, also reflected in substantial reductions in the burden of cardiovascular disease and deaths. Globally, there are significant inequities and disparities based on resources, sociodemographic environment, and race with subsequent disproportionate hypertension-related outcomes. Additional unique challenges in specific regions include conflict, wars, migration, unemployment, rapid urbanization, extremely limited funding, pollution, COVID-19-related restrictions and inequalities, obesity, and excessive salt and alcohol intake. Immediate action is needed to address suboptimal hypertension care and related disparities on a global scale. We propose a Global Hypertension Care Taskforce including multiple stakeholders and societies to identify and implement actions in reducing inequities, addressing social, commercial, and environmental determinants, and strengthening health systems implement a well-designed customized quality-of-care improvement framework. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Fadi Charchar” is provided in this record**
Disseminating sleep education to graduate psychology programs online : a knowledge translation study to improve the management of insomnia
- Meaklim, Hailey, Meltzer, Lisa, Rehm, Imogen, Junge, Moira, Monfries, Melissa, Kennedy, Gerard, Bucks, Romola, Graco, Marnie, Jackson, Melinda
- Authors: Meaklim, Hailey , Meltzer, Lisa , Rehm, Imogen , Junge, Moira , Monfries, Melissa , Kennedy, Gerard , Bucks, Romola , Graco, Marnie , Jackson, Melinda
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Sleep Vol. 46, no. 10 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Study Objectives: Despite the negative impact of poor sleep on mental health, evidence-based insomnia management guidelines have not been translated into routine mental healthcare. Here, we evaluate a state-wide knowledge translation effort to disseminate sleep and insomnia education to graduate psychology programs online using the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) evaluation framework. Methods: Using a non-randomized waitlist control design, graduate psychology students attended a validated 6-hour online sleep education workshop delivered live as part of their graduate psychology program in Victoria, Australia. Sleep knowledge, attitudes, and practice assessments were conducted pre- and post-program, with long-term feedback collected at 12 months. Results: Seven out of ten graduate psychology programs adopted the workshop (adoption rate = 70%). The workshop reached 313 graduate students, with a research participation rate of 81%. The workshop was effective at improving students’ sleep knowledge and self-efficacy to manage sleep disturbances using cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), compared to the waitlist control with medium-to-large effect sizes (all p < .001). Implementation feedback was positive, with 96% of students rating the workshop as very good-to-excellent. Twelve-month maintenance data demonstrated that 83% of students had used the sleep knowledge/skills learned in the workshop in their clinical practice. However, more practical training is required to achieve CBT-I competency. Conclusions: Online sleep education workshops can be scaled to deliver cost-effective foundational sleep training to graduate psychology students. This workshop will accelerate the translation of insomnia management guidelines into psychology practice to improve sleep and mental health outcomes nationwide. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Sleep Research Society.
- Authors: Meaklim, Hailey , Meltzer, Lisa , Rehm, Imogen , Junge, Moira , Monfries, Melissa , Kennedy, Gerard , Bucks, Romola , Graco, Marnie , Jackson, Melinda
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Sleep Vol. 46, no. 10 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Study Objectives: Despite the negative impact of poor sleep on mental health, evidence-based insomnia management guidelines have not been translated into routine mental healthcare. Here, we evaluate a state-wide knowledge translation effort to disseminate sleep and insomnia education to graduate psychology programs online using the RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) evaluation framework. Methods: Using a non-randomized waitlist control design, graduate psychology students attended a validated 6-hour online sleep education workshop delivered live as part of their graduate psychology program in Victoria, Australia. Sleep knowledge, attitudes, and practice assessments were conducted pre- and post-program, with long-term feedback collected at 12 months. Results: Seven out of ten graduate psychology programs adopted the workshop (adoption rate = 70%). The workshop reached 313 graduate students, with a research participation rate of 81%. The workshop was effective at improving students’ sleep knowledge and self-efficacy to manage sleep disturbances using cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), compared to the waitlist control with medium-to-large effect sizes (all p < .001). Implementation feedback was positive, with 96% of students rating the workshop as very good-to-excellent. Twelve-month maintenance data demonstrated that 83% of students had used the sleep knowledge/skills learned in the workshop in their clinical practice. However, more practical training is required to achieve CBT-I competency. Conclusions: Online sleep education workshops can be scaled to deliver cost-effective foundational sleep training to graduate psychology students. This workshop will accelerate the translation of insomnia management guidelines into psychology practice to improve sleep and mental health outcomes nationwide. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Sleep Research Society.
Do health service waiting areas contribute to the health literacy of consumers? A scoping review
- McDonald, Cassie, Voutier, Catherine, Govil, Dhruv, D'Souza, Aruska, Truong, Dominic, Abo, Shaza, Remedios, Louisa, Granger, Catherine
- Authors: McDonald, Cassie , Voutier, Catherine , Govil, Dhruv , D'Souza, Aruska , Truong, Dominic , Abo, Shaza , Remedios, Louisa , Granger, Catherine
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Health Promotion International Vol. 38, no. 4 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Health service waiting areas commonly provide health information, resources and supports for consumers; however, the effect on health literacy and related outcomes remains unclear. This scoping review of the literature aimed to explore the use of waiting areas as a place to contribute to the health literacy and related outcomes of consumers attending health appointments. Articles were included if they focussed on health literacy or health literacy responsiveness (concept) in outpatient or primary care health service waiting areas (context) for adult consumers (population) and were published after 2010. Ten bibliographic databases, one full-text archive, dissertation repositories and web sources were searched. The search yielded 5095 records. After duplicate removal, 3942 title/abstract records were screened and 360 full-text records assessed. Data were charted into a standardized data extraction tool. A total of 116 unique articles (published empirical and grey literature) were included. Most articles were set in primary and community care (49%) waiting areas. A diverse range of health topics and resource types were available, but results demonstrated they were not always used by consumers. Outcomes measured in intervention studies were health knowledge, intentions and other psychological factors, self-reported and observed behaviours, clinical outcomes and health service utilization. Intervention studies overall demonstrated positive trends in health literacy-related outcomes, although the benefit declined after 3-6 months. Research on using waiting areas for health literacy purposes is increasing globally. Future research investigating the needs of consumers to inform optimal intervention design is needed. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press.
- Authors: McDonald, Cassie , Voutier, Catherine , Govil, Dhruv , D'Souza, Aruska , Truong, Dominic , Abo, Shaza , Remedios, Louisa , Granger, Catherine
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Health Promotion International Vol. 38, no. 4 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Health service waiting areas commonly provide health information, resources and supports for consumers; however, the effect on health literacy and related outcomes remains unclear. This scoping review of the literature aimed to explore the use of waiting areas as a place to contribute to the health literacy and related outcomes of consumers attending health appointments. Articles were included if they focussed on health literacy or health literacy responsiveness (concept) in outpatient or primary care health service waiting areas (context) for adult consumers (population) and were published after 2010. Ten bibliographic databases, one full-text archive, dissertation repositories and web sources were searched. The search yielded 5095 records. After duplicate removal, 3942 title/abstract records were screened and 360 full-text records assessed. Data were charted into a standardized data extraction tool. A total of 116 unique articles (published empirical and grey literature) were included. Most articles were set in primary and community care (49%) waiting areas. A diverse range of health topics and resource types were available, but results demonstrated they were not always used by consumers. Outcomes measured in intervention studies were health knowledge, intentions and other psychological factors, self-reported and observed behaviours, clinical outcomes and health service utilization. Intervention studies overall demonstrated positive trends in health literacy-related outcomes, although the benefit declined after 3-6 months. Research on using waiting areas for health literacy purposes is increasing globally. Future research investigating the needs of consumers to inform optimal intervention design is needed. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press.
Exchange liquidity and redemption liquidity
- Authors: Culham, James
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Cambridge Journal of Economics Vol. 47, no. 3 (2023), p. 667-679
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Disagreements over the nature of money and consequent confusions regarding liquidity contribute to difficulties integrating monetary theory into the theory of value. For example, an abundance of market liquidity is assumed in asset pricing, whereas a scarcity of monetary liquidity is deemed necessary for consumer price-level determinacy. This paper builds on the insights gained from the evolution of finance to introduce a distinction between exchange liquidity and redemption liquidity as a means of resolving this conceptual dissonance. Both exchange and redemption liquidity can be conceptualised as types of financial option differing in the exercise mechanism offered to the option holder by the option-writer. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Cambridge Political Economy Society. All rights reserved.
Fasting triglycerides are positively associated with cardiovascular mortality risk in people with diabetes
- Wang, Yutang, Fang, Yan, Magliano, Dianna, Charchar, Fadi, Sobey, Christopher, Drummond, Grant, Golledge, Jonathan
- Authors: Wang, Yutang , Fang, Yan , Magliano, Dianna , Charchar, Fadi , Sobey, Christopher , Drummond, Grant , Golledge, Jonathan
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Cardiovascular Research Vol. 119, no. 3 (2023), p. 826-834
- Relation: https://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1062671
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Aims We investigated the association of fasting triglycerides with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Methods and results This cohort study included US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1988 to 2014. CVD mortality outcomes were ascertained by linkage to the National Death Index records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of triglycerides for CVD mortality. The cohort included 26 570 adult participants, among which 3978 had diabetes. People with higher triglycerides had a higher prevalence of diabetes at baseline. The cohort was followed up for a mean of 12.0 years with 1492 CVD deaths recorded. A 1-natural-log-unit higher triglyceride was associated with a 30% higher multivariate-adjusted risk of CVD mortality in participants with diabetes (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.08–1.56) but not in those without diabetes (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.83–1.07). In participants with diabetes, people with high triglycerides (200–499 mg/dL) had a 44% (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.12–1.85) higher multivariate-adjusted risk of CVD mortality compared with those with normal triglycerides (<150 mg/dL). The findings remained significant when diabetes was defined by fasting glucose levels alone, or after further adjustment for the use of lipid-lowering medications, or after the exclusion of those who took lipid-lowering medications. Conclusion This study demonstrates that fasting triglycerides of
- Authors: Wang, Yutang , Fang, Yan , Magliano, Dianna , Charchar, Fadi , Sobey, Christopher , Drummond, Grant , Golledge, Jonathan
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Cardiovascular Research Vol. 119, no. 3 (2023), p. 826-834
- Relation: https://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1062671
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Aims We investigated the association of fasting triglycerides with cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Methods and results This cohort study included US adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1988 to 2014. CVD mortality outcomes were ascertained by linkage to the National Death Index records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of triglycerides for CVD mortality. The cohort included 26 570 adult participants, among which 3978 had diabetes. People with higher triglycerides had a higher prevalence of diabetes at baseline. The cohort was followed up for a mean of 12.0 years with 1492 CVD deaths recorded. A 1-natural-log-unit higher triglyceride was associated with a 30% higher multivariate-adjusted risk of CVD mortality in participants with diabetes (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.08–1.56) but not in those without diabetes (HR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.83–1.07). In participants with diabetes, people with high triglycerides (200–499 mg/dL) had a 44% (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.12–1.85) higher multivariate-adjusted risk of CVD mortality compared with those with normal triglycerides (<150 mg/dL). The findings remained significant when diabetes was defined by fasting glucose levels alone, or after further adjustment for the use of lipid-lowering medications, or after the exclusion of those who took lipid-lowering medications. Conclusion This study demonstrates that fasting triglycerides of
Incontinence during and following hospitalisation : a prospective study of prevalence, incidence and association with clinical outcomes
- Campbell, Jill, Hubbard, Ruth, Ostaszkiewicz, Joan, Green, Theresa, Coyer, Fiona, Mudge, Alison
- Authors: Campbell, Jill , Hubbard, Ruth , Ostaszkiewicz, Joan , Green, Theresa , Coyer, Fiona , Mudge, Alison
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Age and Ageing Vol. 52, no. 9 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Incontinence is common in hospitalised older adults but few studies report new incidence during or following hospitalisation. Objective: To describe prevalence and incidence of incontinence in older inpatients and associations with clinical outcomes. Design: Secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from consecutive consenting inpatients age 65 years and older on medical and surgical wards in four Australian public hospitals. Methods: Participants self-reported urinary and faecal incontinence 2 weeks prior to admission, at hospital discharge and 30 days after discharge as part of comprehensive assessment by a trained research assistant. Outcomes were length of stay, facility discharge, 30-day readmission and 6-month mortality. Results: Analysis included 970 participants (mean age 76.7 years, 48.9% female). Urinary and/or faecal incontinence was self-reported in 310/970 (32.0%, [95% confidence interval (CI) 29.0-35.0]) participants 2 weeks before admission, 201/834 (24.1% [95% CI 21.2-27.2]) at discharge and 193/776 (24.9% [95% CI 21.9-28.1]) 30 days after discharge. Continence patterns were dynamic within the peri-hospital period. Of participants without pre-hospital incontinence, 74/567 (13.1% [95% CI 10.4-16.1) reported incontinence at discharge and 85/537 (15.8% [95% CI 12.8-19.2]) reported incontinence at 30 days follow-up. Median hospital stay was longer in participants with pre-hospital incontinence (7 vs. 6 days, P = 0.02) even in adjusted analyses and pre-hospital incontinence was significantly associated with mortality in unadjusted but not adjusted analyses. Conclusion: Pre-hospital, hospital-acquired and new post-hospital incontinence are common in older inpatients. Better understanding of incontinence patterns may help target interventions to reduce this complication. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Geriatrics Society. All rights reserved.
- Authors: Campbell, Jill , Hubbard, Ruth , Ostaszkiewicz, Joan , Green, Theresa , Coyer, Fiona , Mudge, Alison
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Age and Ageing Vol. 52, no. 9 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Incontinence is common in hospitalised older adults but few studies report new incidence during or following hospitalisation. Objective: To describe prevalence and incidence of incontinence in older inpatients and associations with clinical outcomes. Design: Secondary analysis of prospectively collected data from consecutive consenting inpatients age 65 years and older on medical and surgical wards in four Australian public hospitals. Methods: Participants self-reported urinary and faecal incontinence 2 weeks prior to admission, at hospital discharge and 30 days after discharge as part of comprehensive assessment by a trained research assistant. Outcomes were length of stay, facility discharge, 30-day readmission and 6-month mortality. Results: Analysis included 970 participants (mean age 76.7 years, 48.9% female). Urinary and/or faecal incontinence was self-reported in 310/970 (32.0%, [95% confidence interval (CI) 29.0-35.0]) participants 2 weeks before admission, 201/834 (24.1% [95% CI 21.2-27.2]) at discharge and 193/776 (24.9% [95% CI 21.9-28.1]) 30 days after discharge. Continence patterns were dynamic within the peri-hospital period. Of participants without pre-hospital incontinence, 74/567 (13.1% [95% CI 10.4-16.1) reported incontinence at discharge and 85/537 (15.8% [95% CI 12.8-19.2]) reported incontinence at 30 days follow-up. Median hospital stay was longer in participants with pre-hospital incontinence (7 vs. 6 days, P = 0.02) even in adjusted analyses and pre-hospital incontinence was significantly associated with mortality in unadjusted but not adjusted analyses. Conclusion: Pre-hospital, hospital-acquired and new post-hospital incontinence are common in older inpatients. Better understanding of incontinence patterns may help target interventions to reduce this complication. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Geriatrics Society. All rights reserved.
Long-term occupational exposures on disability-free survival and mortality in older adults
- Alif, Sheikh, Benke, Geza, Kromhout, Hans, Vermeulen, Roel, Tran, Cammie, Ronaldson, Kathlyn, Walker-Bone, Karen, Woods, Robyn, Beilin, Lawerence, Tonkin, Andrew, Owen, Alice, McNeil, John
- Authors: Alif, Sheikh , Benke, Geza , Kromhout, Hans , Vermeulen, Roel , Tran, Cammie , Ronaldson, Kathlyn , Walker-Bone, Karen , Woods, Robyn , Beilin, Lawerence , Tonkin, Andrew , Owen, Alice , McNeil, John
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Occupational Medicine Vol. 73, no. 8 (2023), p. 492-499
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background The impact of long-term occupational exposures on health in older adults is increasingly relevant as populations age. To date, no studies have reported their impact on survival free of disability in older adults. Aims We aimed to investigate the association between long-term occupational exposure and disability-free survival (DFS), all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in initially healthy older adults. Methods We analysed data from 12 215 healthy participants in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) study whose mean age was 75 years. Their work history was collated with the ‘ALOHA-plus JEM’ (Job Exposure Matrix) to assign occupational exposures. The primary endpoint, DFS, was a composite measure of death, dementia or persistent physical disability. The secondary endpoint, mortality, was classified according to the underlying cause. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for confounders. Results A total of 1835 individuals reached the DFS endpoint during the median 4.7 years follow-up period. Both ever-high and cumulative exposure to all dusts and all pesticides during a person’s working years were associated with reduced DFS. Compared to no exposure, men with high exposure to dusts and pesticides had a reduced DFS. Neither of these exposures were significantly associated with all-cause mortality. Men with high occupational exposure to solvents and women exposed to dusts experienced higher all-cause and cancer-related mortality. Conclusions Long-term occupational exposure to all dusts and pesticides was associated with a reduced DFS and increased mortality in community-dwelling healthy older adults. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Occupational Medicine.
- Authors: Alif, Sheikh , Benke, Geza , Kromhout, Hans , Vermeulen, Roel , Tran, Cammie , Ronaldson, Kathlyn , Walker-Bone, Karen , Woods, Robyn , Beilin, Lawerence , Tonkin, Andrew , Owen, Alice , McNeil, John
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Occupational Medicine Vol. 73, no. 8 (2023), p. 492-499
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background The impact of long-term occupational exposures on health in older adults is increasingly relevant as populations age. To date, no studies have reported their impact on survival free of disability in older adults. Aims We aimed to investigate the association between long-term occupational exposure and disability-free survival (DFS), all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality in initially healthy older adults. Methods We analysed data from 12 215 healthy participants in the ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) study whose mean age was 75 years. Their work history was collated with the ‘ALOHA-plus JEM’ (Job Exposure Matrix) to assign occupational exposures. The primary endpoint, DFS, was a composite measure of death, dementia or persistent physical disability. The secondary endpoint, mortality, was classified according to the underlying cause. Cox proportional hazard models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals, adjusted for confounders. Results A total of 1835 individuals reached the DFS endpoint during the median 4.7 years follow-up period. Both ever-high and cumulative exposure to all dusts and all pesticides during a person’s working years were associated with reduced DFS. Compared to no exposure, men with high exposure to dusts and pesticides had a reduced DFS. Neither of these exposures were significantly associated with all-cause mortality. Men with high occupational exposure to solvents and women exposed to dusts experienced higher all-cause and cancer-related mortality. Conclusions Long-term occupational exposure to all dusts and pesticides was associated with a reduced DFS and increased mortality in community-dwelling healthy older adults. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Occupational Medicine.
Metabolic syndrome is associated with similar long-term prognosis in those living with and without obesity : an analysis of 45 615 patients from the nationwide LIPIDOGRAM 2004-2015 studies
- Osadnik, Kamila, Osadnik, Tadeusz, Gierlotka, Marek, Windak, Adam, Tomasik, Tomasz, Mastej, Miroslaw, Kuras, Agnieszka, Jóźwiak, Kacper, Penson, Peter, Lip, Gregory, Mikhailidis, Dimitri, Toth, Peter, Catapano, Alberico, Ray, Kausik, Howard, George, Tomaszewski, Maclej, Charchar, Fadi, Sattar, Naveed, Williams, Bryan, MacDonald, Thomas, Banach, Maclej, Jóźwiak, Jacek
- Authors: Osadnik, Kamila , Osadnik, Tadeusz , Gierlotka, Marek , Windak, Adam , Tomasik, Tomasz , Mastej, Miroslaw , Kuras, Agnieszka , Jóźwiak, Kacper , Penson, Peter , Lip, Gregory , Mikhailidis, Dimitri , Toth, Peter , Catapano, Alberico , Ray, Kausik , Howard, George , Tomaszewski, Maclej , Charchar, Fadi , Sattar, Naveed , Williams, Bryan , MacDonald, Thomas , Banach, Maclej , Jóźwiak, Jacek
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology Vol. 30, no. 12 (2023), p. 1195-1204
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Aims: We aimed to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and long-term all-cause mortality. Methods and results: The LIPIDOGRAM studies were carried out in the primary care in Poland in 2004, 2006, and 2015. MetS was diagnosed based on the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III), and Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria. The cohort was divided into four groups: non-obese patients without MetS, obese patients without MetS, non-obese patients with MetS, and obese patients with MetS. Differences in all-cause mortality were analysed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. A total of 45 615 participants were enrolled (mean age 56.3, standard deviation: 11.8 years; 61.7% female). MetS was diagnosed in 14 202 (31%) by NCEP/ATP III criteria and 17 216 (37.7%) by JIS criteria. Follow-up was available for 44 620 (97.8%, median duration 15.3 years) patients. MetS was associated with increased mortality risk among the obese {hazard ratio, HR: 1.88 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.79-1.99] and HR: 1.93 [95% CI 1.82-2.04], according to NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria, respectively} and non-obese individuals [HR: 2.11 (95% CI 1.85-2.40) and 1.7 (95% CI 1.56-1.85) according to NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria, respectively]. Obese patients without MetS had a higher mortality risk than non-obese patients without MetS [HR: 1.16 (95% CI 1.10-1.23) and HR: 1.22 (95% CI 1.15-1.30), respectively in subgroups with NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria applied]. Conclusions: MetS is associated with increased all-cause mortality risk in non-obese and obese patients. In patients without MetS, obesity remains significantly associated with mortality. The concept of metabolically healthy obesity should be revised. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
- Authors: Osadnik, Kamila , Osadnik, Tadeusz , Gierlotka, Marek , Windak, Adam , Tomasik, Tomasz , Mastej, Miroslaw , Kuras, Agnieszka , Jóźwiak, Kacper , Penson, Peter , Lip, Gregory , Mikhailidis, Dimitri , Toth, Peter , Catapano, Alberico , Ray, Kausik , Howard, George , Tomaszewski, Maclej , Charchar, Fadi , Sattar, Naveed , Williams, Bryan , MacDonald, Thomas , Banach, Maclej , Jóźwiak, Jacek
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology Vol. 30, no. 12 (2023), p. 1195-1204
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Aims: We aimed to evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and long-term all-cause mortality. Methods and results: The LIPIDOGRAM studies were carried out in the primary care in Poland in 2004, 2006, and 2015. MetS was diagnosed based on the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP/ATP III), and Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria. The cohort was divided into four groups: non-obese patients without MetS, obese patients without MetS, non-obese patients with MetS, and obese patients with MetS. Differences in all-cause mortality were analysed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. A total of 45 615 participants were enrolled (mean age 56.3, standard deviation: 11.8 years; 61.7% female). MetS was diagnosed in 14 202 (31%) by NCEP/ATP III criteria and 17 216 (37.7%) by JIS criteria. Follow-up was available for 44 620 (97.8%, median duration 15.3 years) patients. MetS was associated with increased mortality risk among the obese {hazard ratio, HR: 1.88 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.79-1.99] and HR: 1.93 [95% CI 1.82-2.04], according to NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria, respectively} and non-obese individuals [HR: 2.11 (95% CI 1.85-2.40) and 1.7 (95% CI 1.56-1.85) according to NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria, respectively]. Obese patients without MetS had a higher mortality risk than non-obese patients without MetS [HR: 1.16 (95% CI 1.10-1.23) and HR: 1.22 (95% CI 1.15-1.30), respectively in subgroups with NCEP/ATP III and JIS criteria applied]. Conclusions: MetS is associated with increased all-cause mortality risk in non-obese and obese patients. In patients without MetS, obesity remains significantly associated with mortality. The concept of metabolically healthy obesity should be revised. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved.
- Nkhoma, Gloria, Lim, Chiao, Kennedy, Gerard, Stupans, Ieva
- Authors: Nkhoma, Gloria , Lim, Chiao , Kennedy, Gerard , Stupans, Ieva
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Pharmacy Practice Vol. 31, no. 2 (2023), p. 225-229
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: Cultural competence is instrumental in reducing health equities. Addressing cultural competence at higher education level in healthcare students lays a solid cultural competence foundation for professional practice. The use of vignettes as a teaching intervention was effective because it allowed the use of role-modelling in real-life situations. The study aimed to enhance cultural competence in undergraduate pharmacy students using a self-directed online interactive cultural competence module embedded with three vignettes (case scenarios). Method: This study was an exploratory longitudinal mixed method (survey and written feedback) study and used a convenience sample of 90 pharmacy students at an Australian University. Students' self-perceived transcultural self-efficacy was evaluated pre-and post-intervention using Jeffreys' Transcultural Self-Efficacy Tool (TSET) which is a validated outcome measure. Key findings: Vignettes were effective in teaching cultural competence as shown by significant (P < 0.0005) changes pre-to post-intervention in cognitive, practical and affective domains scores using TSET. The affective domain had the least positive mean score change. There was no significant association between any of the demographic factors such as age, gender or birthplace/parents' birthplace and changes in any of the three domains. Cronbach's alpha of >0.90 in all domains confirmed the test's internal consistency and reliability. Conclusions: The findings were indicative of the students' positive receptivity to learning cultural competence and that they had a well-developed understanding of cultural competence. Further research is needed to determine why most cultural competence teaching methods produce little or no meaningful change in enhancing the affective domain. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society. All rights reserved.
- Jonason, Peter, March, Evita
- Authors: Jonason, Peter , March, Evita
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: The Oxford Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology and Romantic Relationships Chapter 3 p. 74-93
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: In this chapter, we discuss the psychological traits desired in modern romantic and sexual relationships. We begin by distinguishing and providing a brief overview of modern relationships, including long-term, committed, monogamous relationships, casual, primarily sexual relationships, and hybrid relationships such as booty-call and friends-withbenefits relationships. Following this, we explore the psychological traits desired in these relationships. These psychological traits are thematically organized into three higher-order psychological preferences: competence, compassion, and compatibility. For each of these higher-order preferences, we outline the traits captured by the theme (e.g., compassion includes kindness and agreeableness), and explore the research on preferences for these traits across the different types of modern relationships. We then explore the “why” of these trait preferences by appealing to sociocultural and evolutionary psychological models. Lastly, we consider limitations of previous research and provide suggestions for future research exploring psychological mate preferences in modern relationships. © Oxford University Press 2023.
Time, equilibrium and uncertainty : Bergson and Robinson
- Authors: Culham, James
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Cambridge Journal of Economics Vol. 47, no. 5 (2023), p. 909-930
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The philosophy of Henri Bergson can lend fresh perspectives on some central aspects of post-Keynesian economic thought. Bergson’s concept of duration offers philosophical reinforcement for Joan Robinson’s criticisms of the treatment of time, equilibrium and uncertainty in economics.When the economy is recognised to be a dynamic living system, in which the accumulation of capital is an historical process inseparable from technical innovation, the effect of time is of utmost importance. Duration provides greater understanding of an economy moving through historical time, while adding depth to Robinson’s doubts about the validity of utility, and consequently expected utility theory. Bergson’s philosophy of evolution and duration provides a valuable basis for understanding many of the classical issues in political economy. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Cambridge Political Economy Society.
- Authors: Culham, James
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Cambridge Journal of Economics Vol. 47, no. 5 (2023), p. 909-930
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The philosophy of Henri Bergson can lend fresh perspectives on some central aspects of post-Keynesian economic thought. Bergson’s concept of duration offers philosophical reinforcement for Joan Robinson’s criticisms of the treatment of time, equilibrium and uncertainty in economics.When the economy is recognised to be a dynamic living system, in which the accumulation of capital is an historical process inseparable from technical innovation, the effect of time is of utmost importance. Duration provides greater understanding of an economy moving through historical time, while adding depth to Robinson’s doubts about the validity of utility, and consequently expected utility theory. Bergson’s philosophy of evolution and duration provides a valuable basis for understanding many of the classical issues in political economy. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Cambridge Political Economy Society.
‘You say one thing wrong, and your children are gone’ : exploring trauma-informed practices in foster and kinship care
- Cooper, Kimberlea, Sadowski, Christina, Townsend, Rob
- Authors: Cooper, Kimberlea , Sadowski, Christina , Townsend, Rob
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: British Journal of Social Work Vol. 53, no. 6 (2023), p. 3055-3072
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Trauma-informed care is a growing practice approach in child and family social work. Current policy directions in out-of-home care (OOHC) in Victoria, Australia show an interest in further implementation of trauma-informed care, particularly through training for foster and kinship carers. Drawing upon findings from grounded theory research with sixteen foster and kinship carers, this article considers the application of trauma-informed practices in home-based care in the Central Highlands region of Victoria, Australia. The research reveals that whilst carers utilise principles of trauma-informed care to support children and young people, they do not always experience trauma-informed support from the wider OOHC system. This discrepancy suggests that the implementation of trauma-informed care has the potential to increase pressure on home-based carers if it is only encouraged at the interpersonal level between carers and children, without incorporating associated systems-level change. These findings propose that whilst micro-level support and training for carers are necessary and useful, it is crucial for OOHC systems to move beyond such initiatives to plan and enact macro-level reforms. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The British Association of Social Workers.
- Authors: Cooper, Kimberlea , Sadowski, Christina , Townsend, Rob
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: British Journal of Social Work Vol. 53, no. 6 (2023), p. 3055-3072
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Trauma-informed care is a growing practice approach in child and family social work. Current policy directions in out-of-home care (OOHC) in Victoria, Australia show an interest in further implementation of trauma-informed care, particularly through training for foster and kinship carers. Drawing upon findings from grounded theory research with sixteen foster and kinship carers, this article considers the application of trauma-informed practices in home-based care in the Central Highlands region of Victoria, Australia. The research reveals that whilst carers utilise principles of trauma-informed care to support children and young people, they do not always experience trauma-informed support from the wider OOHC system. This discrepancy suggests that the implementation of trauma-informed care has the potential to increase pressure on home-based carers if it is only encouraged at the interpersonal level between carers and children, without incorporating associated systems-level change. These findings propose that whilst micro-level support and training for carers are necessary and useful, it is crucial for OOHC systems to move beyond such initiatives to plan and enact macro-level reforms. © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The British Association of Social Workers.
- Johnson, Joel, Broszczak, Daniel, Mani, Janice, Anesi, Jack, Naiker, Mani
- Authors: Johnson, Joel , Broszczak, Daniel , Mani, Janice , Anesi, Jack , Naiker, Mani
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology Vol. 74, no. 4 (2022), p. 485-502
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: The pathophysiology of chronic wounds typically involves redox imbalance and inflammation pathway dysregulation, often with concomitant microbial infection. Endogenous antioxidants such as glutathione and tocopherols are notably reduced or absent, indicative of significant oxidative imbalance. However, emerging evidence suggests that polyphenols could be effective agents for the amelioration of this condition. This review aims to summarise the current state of knowledge surrounding redox imbalance in the chronic wound environment and the potential use of polyphenols for the treatment of chronic wounds. Key findings: Polyphenols provide a multi-faceted approach towards the treatment of chronic wounds. Firstly, their antioxidant activity allows direct neutralisation of harmful free radicals and reactive oxygen species, assisting in restoring redox balance. Upregulation of pro-healing and anti-inflammatory gene pathways and enzymes by specific polyphenols further acts to reduce redox imbalance and promote wound healing actions, such as proliferation, extracellular matrix deposition and tissue remodelling. Finally, many polyphenols possess antimicrobial activity, which can be beneficial for preventing or resolving infection of the wound site. Summary: Exploration of this diverse group of natural compounds may yield effective and economical options for the prevention or treatment of chronic wounds. © 2021 The Author(s).
SAfety and feasibility of EArly resistance training after median sternotomy : the SAFE-ARMS study
- Pengelly, Jacqueline, Boggett, Stuart, Bryant, Adam, Royse, Colin, Royse, Alistair, Williams, Gavin, El-Ansary, Doa El
- Authors: Pengelly, Jacqueline , Boggett, Stuart , Bryant, Adam , Royse, Colin , Royse, Alistair , Williams, Gavin , El-Ansary, Doa El
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Physical Therapy Vol. 102, no. 7 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and feasibility of subacute upper limb resistance exercise on sternal micromotion and pain and the reliability of sternal ultrasound assessment following cardiac surgery via median sternotomy. Methods: This experimental study used a pretest-posttest design to investigate the effects of upper limb resistance exercise on the sternum in patients following their first cardiac surgery via median sternotomy. Six bilateral upper limb machine-based exercises were commenced at a base resistance of 20 lb (9 kg) and progressed for each participant. Sternal micromotion was assessed using ultrasound at the mid and lower sternum at 2, 8, and 14 weeks postsurgery. Intrarater and interrater reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Participant-reported pain was recorded at rest and with each exercise using a visual analogue scale. Results: Sixteen adults (n = 15 males; 71.3 [SD = 6.2] years of age) consented to participate. Twelve participants completed the study, 2 withdrew prior to the 8-week assessment, and 2 assessments were not completed at 14 weeks due to assessor unavailability. The highest median micromotion at the sternal edges was observed during the bicep curl (median = 1.33 mm; range = -0.8 to 2.0 mm) in the lateral direction and the shoulder pulldown (median = 0.65 mm; range = -0.8 to 1.6 mm) in the anterior-posterior direction. Furthermore, participants reported no increase in pain when performing any of the 6 upper limb exercises. Interrater reliability was moderate to good for both lateral-posterior (ICC = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.58 to 0.83) and anterior-posterior micromotion (ICC = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.73 to 0.89) of the sternal edges. Conclusion: Bilateral upper limb resistance exercises performed on cam-based machines do not result in sternal micromotion exceeding 2.0 mm or an increase in participant-reported pain. Impact: Upper limb resistance training commenced as early as 2 weeks following cardiac surgery via median sternotomy and performed within the safe limits of pain and sternal micromotion appears to be safe and may accelerate postoperative recovery rather than muscular deconditioning. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Physical Therapy Association. All rights reserved.
- Authors: Pengelly, Jacqueline , Boggett, Stuart , Bryant, Adam , Royse, Colin , Royse, Alistair , Williams, Gavin , El-Ansary, Doa El
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Physical Therapy Vol. 102, no. 7 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and feasibility of subacute upper limb resistance exercise on sternal micromotion and pain and the reliability of sternal ultrasound assessment following cardiac surgery via median sternotomy. Methods: This experimental study used a pretest-posttest design to investigate the effects of upper limb resistance exercise on the sternum in patients following their first cardiac surgery via median sternotomy. Six bilateral upper limb machine-based exercises were commenced at a base resistance of 20 lb (9 kg) and progressed for each participant. Sternal micromotion was assessed using ultrasound at the mid and lower sternum at 2, 8, and 14 weeks postsurgery. Intrarater and interrater reliability was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). Participant-reported pain was recorded at rest and with each exercise using a visual analogue scale. Results: Sixteen adults (n = 15 males; 71.3 [SD = 6.2] years of age) consented to participate. Twelve participants completed the study, 2 withdrew prior to the 8-week assessment, and 2 assessments were not completed at 14 weeks due to assessor unavailability. The highest median micromotion at the sternal edges was observed during the bicep curl (median = 1.33 mm; range = -0.8 to 2.0 mm) in the lateral direction and the shoulder pulldown (median = 0.65 mm; range = -0.8 to 1.6 mm) in the anterior-posterior direction. Furthermore, participants reported no increase in pain when performing any of the 6 upper limb exercises. Interrater reliability was moderate to good for both lateral-posterior (ICC = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.58 to 0.83) and anterior-posterior micromotion (ICC = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.73 to 0.89) of the sternal edges. Conclusion: Bilateral upper limb resistance exercises performed on cam-based machines do not result in sternal micromotion exceeding 2.0 mm or an increase in participant-reported pain. Impact: Upper limb resistance training commenced as early as 2 weeks following cardiac surgery via median sternotomy and performed within the safe limits of pain and sternal micromotion appears to be safe and may accelerate postoperative recovery rather than muscular deconditioning. © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Physical Therapy Association. All rights reserved.
Unprepared for the depth of my feelings' - capturing grief in older people through research poetry
- Gerber, Katrin, Brijnath, Bianca, Lock, Kayla, Bryant, Christina, Hills, Danny, Hjorth, Larissa
- Authors: Gerber, Katrin , Brijnath, Bianca , Lock, Kayla , Bryant, Christina , Hills, Danny , Hjorth, Larissa
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Age and Ageing Vol. 51, no. 3 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Older people are more likely to experience bereavements than any other age group. However, in healthcare and society, their grief experiences and support needs receive limited attention. Through innovative, arts-based research poetry, this study aimed to capture older people's bereavement stories and the effects of grief on their physical and mental health. Method: Semi-structured in-depth interviews with 18 bereaved older adults were analysed using thematic and poetic narrative analysis, following a five-step approach of immersion, creation, critical reflection, ethics and engagement. Results: Research poems were used to illustrate three themes of bereavement experiences among older adults: feeling unprepared, accumulation of losses and ripple effects of grief. While half of participants reported that the death of their family member was expected, many felt unprepared despite having experienced multiple bereavements throughout their life. Instead, the accumulation of losses had a compounding effect on their health and well-being. While these ripple effects of grief focussed on emotional and mental health consequences, many also reported physical health effects like the onset of a new condition or the worsening of an existing one. In its most extreme form, grief was connected with a perceived increased mortality risk. Conclusions: By using poetry to draw attention to the intense and often long-lasting effects of grief on older people's health and well-being, this article offers emotional, engaging and immersive insights into their unique bereavement experiences and thereby challenges the notion that grief has an expiry date. © 2022 The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Geriatrics Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
- Authors: Gerber, Katrin , Brijnath, Bianca , Lock, Kayla , Bryant, Christina , Hills, Danny , Hjorth, Larissa
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Age and Ageing Vol. 51, no. 3 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Older people are more likely to experience bereavements than any other age group. However, in healthcare and society, their grief experiences and support needs receive limited attention. Through innovative, arts-based research poetry, this study aimed to capture older people's bereavement stories and the effects of grief on their physical and mental health. Method: Semi-structured in-depth interviews with 18 bereaved older adults were analysed using thematic and poetic narrative analysis, following a five-step approach of immersion, creation, critical reflection, ethics and engagement. Results: Research poems were used to illustrate three themes of bereavement experiences among older adults: feeling unprepared, accumulation of losses and ripple effects of grief. While half of participants reported that the death of their family member was expected, many felt unprepared despite having experienced multiple bereavements throughout their life. Instead, the accumulation of losses had a compounding effect on their health and well-being. While these ripple effects of grief focussed on emotional and mental health consequences, many also reported physical health effects like the onset of a new condition or the worsening of an existing one. In its most extreme form, grief was connected with a perceived increased mortality risk. Conclusions: By using poetry to draw attention to the intense and often long-lasting effects of grief on older people's health and well-being, this article offers emotional, engaging and immersive insights into their unique bereavement experiences and thereby challenges the notion that grief has an expiry date. © 2022 The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Geriatrics Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
A systematic review of alcohol education programs for young people : do these programs change behavior?
- Calverley, Hannah, Petrass, Lauren, Blitvich, Jennifer
- Authors: Calverley, Hannah , Petrass, Lauren , Blitvich, Jennifer
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Health education research Vol. 36, no. 1 (2021), p. 87-99
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Numerous education programs have addressed young peoples' alcohol use. To date, no peer-reviewed publication has evaluated the effectiveness of such programs delivered across a range of contexts to change alcohol-related behaviors, attitudes and/or knowledge. This systematic review aimed to identify alcohol education programs addressing young people, and determine whether they changed alcohol-related behavior, knowledge and attitudes; and, ascertain components of successful programs. Studies were identified, guided by the PRISMA review process, from the earliest records until June 2020. Included studies (N = 70) comprised an alcohol education program which focused on young people (15-24 years). Forty programs reported behavior changes, and these programs were the highest quality. Others impacted attitudes and/or knowledge only (n = 12); or reported no impacts (n = 17). Recent programs were more likely than older programs to feature online delivery and report behavior changes. To enhance alcohol education, future programs should include the identified quality criteria, alongside process and long-term outcome evaluations, to better monitor effectiveness. Findings indicated some education programs have capacity to positively change alcohol-related behavior; however, outcome consistency varied even in high-quality programs. Alcohol education programs should be designed alongside health education/promotion models and best-practice recommendations, to improve the likelihood of desirable behavior-related outcomes. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
- Description: Numerous education programs have addressed young peoples' alcohol use. To date, no peer-reviewed publication has evaluated the effectiveness of such programs delivered across a range of contexts to change alcohol-related behaviors, attitudes and/or knowledge. This systematic review aimed to identify alcohol education programs addressing young people, and determine whether they changed alcohol-related behavior, knowledge and attitudes; and, ascertain components of successful programs. Studies were identified, guided by the PRISMA review process, from the earliest records until June 2020. Included studies (N = 70) comprised an alcohol education program which focused on young people (15-24 years). Forty programs reported behavior changes, and these programs were the highest quality. Others impacted attitudes and/or knowledge only (n = 12); or reported no impacts (n = 17). Recent programs were more likely than older programs to feature online delivery and report behavior changes. To enhance alcohol education, future programs should include the identified quality criteria, alongside process and long-term outcome evaluations, to better monitor effectiveness. Findings indicated some education programs have capacity to positively change alcohol-related behavior; however, outcome consistency varied even in high-quality programs. Alcohol education programs should be designed alongside health education/promotion models and best-practice recommendations, to improve the likelihood of desirable behavior-related outcomes. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
- Authors: Calverley, Hannah , Petrass, Lauren , Blitvich, Jennifer
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Health education research Vol. 36, no. 1 (2021), p. 87-99
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Numerous education programs have addressed young peoples' alcohol use. To date, no peer-reviewed publication has evaluated the effectiveness of such programs delivered across a range of contexts to change alcohol-related behaviors, attitudes and/or knowledge. This systematic review aimed to identify alcohol education programs addressing young people, and determine whether they changed alcohol-related behavior, knowledge and attitudes; and, ascertain components of successful programs. Studies were identified, guided by the PRISMA review process, from the earliest records until June 2020. Included studies (N = 70) comprised an alcohol education program which focused on young people (15-24 years). Forty programs reported behavior changes, and these programs were the highest quality. Others impacted attitudes and/or knowledge only (n = 12); or reported no impacts (n = 17). Recent programs were more likely than older programs to feature online delivery and report behavior changes. To enhance alcohol education, future programs should include the identified quality criteria, alongside process and long-term outcome evaluations, to better monitor effectiveness. Findings indicated some education programs have capacity to positively change alcohol-related behavior; however, outcome consistency varied even in high-quality programs. Alcohol education programs should be designed alongside health education/promotion models and best-practice recommendations, to improve the likelihood of desirable behavior-related outcomes. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
- Description: Numerous education programs have addressed young peoples' alcohol use. To date, no peer-reviewed publication has evaluated the effectiveness of such programs delivered across a range of contexts to change alcohol-related behaviors, attitudes and/or knowledge. This systematic review aimed to identify alcohol education programs addressing young people, and determine whether they changed alcohol-related behavior, knowledge and attitudes; and, ascertain components of successful programs. Studies were identified, guided by the PRISMA review process, from the earliest records until June 2020. Included studies (N = 70) comprised an alcohol education program which focused on young people (15-24 years). Forty programs reported behavior changes, and these programs were the highest quality. Others impacted attitudes and/or knowledge only (n = 12); or reported no impacts (n = 17). Recent programs were more likely than older programs to feature online delivery and report behavior changes. To enhance alcohol education, future programs should include the identified quality criteria, alongside process and long-term outcome evaluations, to better monitor effectiveness. Findings indicated some education programs have capacity to positively change alcohol-related behavior; however, outcome consistency varied even in high-quality programs. Alcohol education programs should be designed alongside health education/promotion models and best-practice recommendations, to improve the likelihood of desirable behavior-related outcomes. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
- Mendes, Philip, Wilson, Jacqueline, Golding, Frank
- Authors: Mendes, Philip , Wilson, Jacqueline , Golding, Frank
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: British Journal of Social Work Vol. 51, no. 7 (2021), p. 2626-2644
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: For children in out-of-home care (OOHC) and adults who experienced OOHC as children, the records compiled by care workers, social workers and other relevant personnel present multiple ongoing problems. The records often embody deeply contested narratives that may include distortions and misinterpretations of facts, judgemental inferences, moralistic attitudes and other problematic aspects that can leave the care leaver at best ill-served and at worst profoundly distressed and traumatised. This article, an auto-ethnographic collaboration between a social work professional and two care leavers, aims to address these issues by constructing a 'virtual archive' consisting of several hypothetical records compiled in the style typically employed by caseworkers, which are then critiqued by the care leavers. In each case, the record is found to have significant shortcomings in terms of what is included or omitted, the tone, and implied judgements. The article concludes with a discussion that identifies a number of thematic issues and pitfalls intrinsic to the task of record-keeping in the OOHC context and makes recommendations aimed at achieving inclusive, rights-based processes and procedures in the creation and maintenance of records. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The British Association of Social Workers. All rights reserved.
Convergence of social strategies in carrion breeding insects
- Charabidze, Damien, Trumbo, Stephen, Grzywacz, Andrze, Costa, James, Barton, Philip
- Authors: Charabidze, Damien , Trumbo, Stephen , Grzywacz, Andrze , Costa, James , Barton, Philip
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: BioScience Vol. 71, no. 10 (2021), p. 1028-1037
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Carrion is a highly ephemeral and nutrient rich resource, characterized by extreme biotic and abiotic stressors. We hypothesized that specific constraints of the carrion ecosystem, and especially its nutrient richness, ephemerality, and competition with microbes, have promoted the evolution of social behaviors in necrophagous insects. We show that group living is prevalent among early succession carrion breeding insects, suggesting that this trait has emerged as an adaptation to facilitate survival in the highly competitive environment of fresh carrion. We then highlight how developmental niche construction allows larvae to compete with microbes, efficiently feed on fresh cadavers, and rapidly reach maturity. We observed that larval societies and parental care are two different strategies responding to similar competitive and environmental constraints. We conclude that intra and interspecific competition on carrion are mitigated by social behavior. © 2021 The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Institute of Biological Sciences. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Philip Barton” is provided in this record**
Differential associations of hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, and depressive symptoms with cognitive dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea
- Alomri, Ridwan, Kennedy, Gerard, Wali, Siraj, Ahejaili, Faris, Robinson, Stephen
- Authors: Alomri, Ridwan , Kennedy, Gerard , Wali, Siraj , Ahejaili, Faris , Robinson, Stephen
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Sleep Vol. 44, no. 4 (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete cessation of breathing during sleep and increased effort to breathe. This study examined patients who underwent overnight polysomnographic studies in a major sleep laboratory in Saudi Arabia. The study aimed to determine the extent to which intermittent hypoxia, sleep disruption, and depressive symptoms are independently associated with cognitive impairments in OSA. In the sample of 90 participants, 14 had no OSA, 30 mild OSA, 23 moderate OSA, and 23 severe OSA. The findings revealed that hypoxia and sleep fragmentation are independently associated with impairments of sustained attention and reaction time (RT). Sleep fragmentation, but not hypoxia, was independently associated with impairments in visuospatial deficits. Depressive symptoms were independently associated with impairments in the domains of sustained attention, RT, visuospatial ability, and semantic and episodic autobiographical memories. Since the depressive symptoms are independent of hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, effective reversal of cognitive impairment in OSA may require treatment interventions that target each of these factors. © Sleep Research Society 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Sleep Research Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.
- Authors: Alomri, Ridwan , Kennedy, Gerard , Wali, Siraj , Ahejaili, Faris , Robinson, Stephen
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Sleep Vol. 44, no. 4 (2021), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete cessation of breathing during sleep and increased effort to breathe. This study examined patients who underwent overnight polysomnographic studies in a major sleep laboratory in Saudi Arabia. The study aimed to determine the extent to which intermittent hypoxia, sleep disruption, and depressive symptoms are independently associated with cognitive impairments in OSA. In the sample of 90 participants, 14 had no OSA, 30 mild OSA, 23 moderate OSA, and 23 severe OSA. The findings revealed that hypoxia and sleep fragmentation are independently associated with impairments of sustained attention and reaction time (RT). Sleep fragmentation, but not hypoxia, was independently associated with impairments in visuospatial deficits. Depressive symptoms were independently associated with impairments in the domains of sustained attention, RT, visuospatial ability, and semantic and episodic autobiographical memories. Since the depressive symptoms are independent of hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, effective reversal of cognitive impairment in OSA may require treatment interventions that target each of these factors. © Sleep Research Society 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Sleep Research Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.
- Lannin, Natasha, Galea, Claire, Coulter, Megan, Gruen, Russell, Jolliffe, Laura, Ownsworth, Tamara, Schmidt, Julia, Unsworth, Carolyn
- Authors: Lannin, Natasha , Galea, Claire , Coulter, Megan , Gruen, Russell , Jolliffe, Laura , Ownsworth, Tamara , Schmidt, Julia , Unsworth, Carolyn
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care Vol. 33, no. 1 (2021), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: BACKGROUND: Reorientation programmes have been an important component of neurotrauma rehabilitation for adults who suffer from post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) after traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, research testing the efficacy of acute programmes is limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine if it is feasible to provide a standardized environmental reorientation programme to adults suffering from PTA after TBI in an acute care hospital setting, and whether it is likely to be beneficial. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial with concealed allocation and intention-to-treat analysis. A total of 40 participants suffering from PTA after TBI were included. The control group received usual care; the experimental group received usual care plus a standardized orientation programme inclusive of environmental cues. The primary outcome measure was time to emergence from PTA measured by the Westmead PTA Scale, assessed daily from hospital admission or on regaining consciousness. RESULTS: Adherence to the orientation programme was high, and there were no study-related adverse responses to the environmental orientation programme. Although there were no statistically significant between-group differences in time to emergence, the median time to emergence was shorter for those who received the standardized reorientation programme (9.0 (6.4-11.6) versus 13.0 (4.5-21.5) days). Multivariate analysis showed that the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at scene (P = 0.041) and GCS at arrival at hospital (P = 0.0001) were significant factors contributing to the longer length of PTA. CONCLUSION: Providing an orientation programme in acute care is feasible for adults suffering from PTA after TBI. A future efficacy trial would require 216 participants to detect a between-group difference of 5 days with an alpha of 0.05 and a power of 80%. © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Society for Quality in Health Care. All rights reserved.
- Description: BACKGROUND: Reorientation programmes have been an important component of neurotrauma rehabilitation for adults who suffer from post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) after traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, research testing the efficacy of acute programmes is limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine if it is feasible to provide a standardized environmental reorientation programme to adults suffering from PTA after TBI in an acute care hospital setting, and whether it is likely to be beneficial. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial with concealed allocation and intention-to-treat analysis. A total of 40 participants suffering from PTA after TBI were included. The control group received usual care; the experimental group received usual care plus a standardized orientation programme inclusive of environmental cues. The primary outcome measure was time to emergence from PTA measured by the Westmead PTA Scale, assessed daily from hospital admission or on regaining consciousness. RESULTS: Adherence to the orientation programme was high, and there were no study-related adverse responses to the environmental orientation programme. Although there were no statistically significant between-group differences in time to emergence, the median time to emergence was shorter for those who received the standardized reorientation programme (9.0 (6.4-11.6) versus 13.0 (4.5-21.5) days). Multivariate analysis showed that the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at scene (P = 0.041) and GCS at arrival at hospital (P = 0.0001) were significant factors contributing to the longer length of PTA. CONCLUSION: Providing an orientation programme in acute care is feasible for adults suffering from PTA after TBI. A future efficacy trial would require 216 participants to detect a between-group difference of 5 days with an alpha of 0.05 and a power of 80%. © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Society for Quality in Health Care. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.