Impact of WeChat-based 'three good things' on turnover intention and coping style in burnout nurses
- Authors: Guo, Yu-Fang , Plummer, Virginia , Cross, Wendy , Lam, Louisa , Zhang, Jing-Ping
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Nursing Management Vol. 28, no. 7 (2020), p. 1570-1577
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Few studies have considered functions of nurses’ positive personality and behaviours on addressing their turnover intention. Aims: To explore the effects of WeChat-based 'three good things' (3GT) on burnout nurses’ turnover intention and coping styles. Methods: A randomized controlled trial. 73 nurses were included in the intervention group (n = 33) and the control group (n = 40). The intervention group received WeChat-based 3GT. Turnover intention and coping style were measured before and after the intervention. Results: WeChat-based 3GT effectively reduced turnover intention and negative coping style (each p <.05). Positive coping style was promoted after the intervention (p <.05). Time effects as well as intervention and time interactions were significant in turnover intention and negative coping style (each p <.05). Conclusion: Benefits of WeChat-based 3GT on turnover intention and coping style in burnout nurses were found. Nurses experienced lower levels of turnover intention and negative coping style and increased the usage of positive coping style after the intervention. Implications for nursing management: Nurse managers should incorporate 3GT intervention with popular social communication programmes to improve nurses’ coping strategies towards clinical issues and maintain the stability of nursing teams. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
- Description: The authors thank the Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Higher Education Institutions for financial support (QN2018169). The authors would like to thank Hui Li, Yizheng Yin and Jie Zhang for their help in collecting the data. We would also like to thank the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University for their assistance in recruiting the participants. We acknowledge the participant nurses who were involved in this study.
Management of hyperlactation using pseudoephedrine — a case report
- Authors: Russell, Judith , King, Rosemary
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Breastfeeding Review Vol. 28, no. 1 (2020), p. 33-38
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Hyperlactation refers to excessive breastmilk production over and above the infant’s needs. It may cause a range of distressing and uncomfortable symptoms for mother and infant, potentially affecting breastfeeding duration. The majority of cases will resolve through common, supportive management strategies that aim to reduce breastmilk supply through the negative feedback mechanism of milk production. Some herbal and pharmaceutical agents are considered to reduce breastmilk production and may be used to manage hyperlactation. One of these medications, pseudoephedrine, has been reported anecdotally to reduce breastmilk production, but there is a lack of evidence to support its use in this context. This case report details the use of pseudoephedrine as a ‘last resort’ treatment for a mother experiencing hyperlactation which had not responded to the usual management strategies. By titrating the dose according to her milk production, the mother was able to effectively self-manage hyperlactation and maintain an adequate breastmilk supply without any apparent adverse effects to herself or her baby. This suggests that pseudoephedrine has potential for use in the management of severe hyperlactation. However, pseudoephedrine should be used with caution and in conjunction with professional lactation support and supervision. © 2020, Australian Breastfeeding Association. All rights reserved.
Quality indicators for a community-based wound care centre : an integrative review
- Authors: Seaton, Philippa , Cant, Robyn , Trip, Henrietta
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Wound Journal Vol. 17, no. 3 (2020), p. 587-600
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The purpose of this review was to identify the role and contribution of community-based nurse-led wound care as a service delivery model. Centres increasingly respond proactively to assess and manage wounds at all stages – not only chronic wound care. We conducted an integrative review of literature, searching five databases, 2007–2018. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, we systematically approached article selection and all three authors collaborated to chart the study variables, evaluate data, and synthesise results. Eighteen studies were included, representing a range of care models internationally. The findings showed a need for nurse-led clinics to provide evidence-based care using best practice guidelines for all wound types. Wound care practices should be standardised across the particular service and be integrated with higher levels of resources such as investigative services and surgical units. A multi-disciplinary approach was likely to achieve better patient outcomes, while patient-centred care with strong patient engagement was likely to assist patients' compliance with treatment. High-quality community-based wound services should include nursing leadership based on a hub-and-spoke model. This is ideally patient-centred, evidence-based, and underpinned by a commitment to developing innovations in terms of treatment modalities, accessibility, and patient engagement. © 2020 Medicalhelplines.com Inc and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
- Description: This study was supported by The Nurse Maude Association, Christchurch, New Zealand, a community‐based nursing service in New Zealand. We acknowledge the contribution of the following Nurse Maude Association staff: Mary‐Anne Stone (MPH), Senior Manager of Research, Innovation and Aged Residential Care. Cathy Hammond (MA–Clinical Nursing), Clinical Nurse Specialist – Specialist Wound Service. Denise Brankin (RN, PGDipHSc), Service Manager, Specialty Nursing Services. Gill Coe (BA), Research Officer.creative
Trade agreements and the risks for the nursing workforce, nursing practice and public health : A scoping review
- Authors: Kidgell, Dianna , Hills, Danny , Griffiths, Debra , Endacott, Ruth
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: International Journal of Nursing Studies Vol. 109, no. (2020), p. 1-10
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Trade agreements in the 21st century have evolved to include provisions that affect domestic public policy and public health in signatory countries. There are growing calls for health professionals and public health advocates to pursue an active advisory role in trade negotiations in order to anticipate and prevent negative outcomes for health services and public health. Aim: This scoping review explored current literature to identify existing knowledge of the implications of trade agreements for the nursing workforce, nursing practice and public health using as an example the 2018 'Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership'. Design: Scoping review Data sources: Emerald Insight, Informit, Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, ProQuest, Scopus, and a number of specialist Economics, International Trade and Business, and International Relations databases. Grey literature included national and international policy documents. Review method: Literature was selected according to extraction field criteria, supplemented by hand searching of relevant grey literature and snowballing references from the selected literature reference lists. Analysis was undertaken to identify key themes emerging from the literature. Review results: Six key themes relevant to nursing workforce, nursing practice or public health were 1. Lack of consultation with public health and health professionals in trade negotiations; 2. Implications of strengthened intellectual property provisions for equitable access to medicines (including biologics) and medical devices; 3. Threats to government capacity to regulate domestic policy for public health and health services through 'Investor State Dispute Settlement' provisions 4. Threats to government capacity to regulate domestic policy for public health and health services through 'Regulatory Coherence' 5. Potential limited benefits to communities and increased health inequities 6. Potential implications of increased temporary migration. Gaps were identified in the literature for implications for nursing practice and the nursing workforce from regulatory and labour provisions of trade agreements. Conclusions: The analysis of the literature reviewed is of international importance for the nursing workforce, nursing practice and public health. Policymakers must anticipate and respond to how the inclusion of labour or regulatory provisions in trade agreements will affect nursing practice and the nursing workforce, and how this may subsequently impact on the health of communities globally. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Development and validation of the human activity profile into Chinese language : Lessons in determining equivalence
- Authors: Bonner, Ann , Wellard, Sally , Kenrick, Marita
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Nursing and Health Sciences Vol. 8, no. 1 (2006), p. 36-43
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The Human Activity Profile (HAP), and associated Dyspnea Scale, is a self-report instrument for assessing levels of human activity. Although it has been used in studies examining the levels of activity in people, it is limited to people who are only able to understand English. However, many countries are multicultural with significant numbers of people whose native language is not English. This study sought to demonstrate the equivalence between the Chinese and English versions of the HAP and Dyspnea scales.Thirty-five bilingual university students completed both the Chinese and English versions of each questionnaire. There was 89% and 85% agreement between items across the HAP and Dyspnea Scale questionnaires, respectively. Although the psychometric evaluations suggested there was equivalence between the Chinese and English versions of both the HAP and Dyspnea Scale, lessons have been learnt regarding the different written forms of Chinese. © 2006 The Authors Journal Compilation © 2006 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001972
Evaluation of training on the use of Graseby syringe drivers for rural nonspecialist nurses
- Authors: Fisher, John , Hayes, Anne , Brumley, David , Habegger, Lawrence , Wade, Mary , Ashby, Michael
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Palliative Nursing Vol. 11, no. 2 (2005), p. 84-92
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: AIM: to assess the impact of a training programme on nurse confidence in: setting up the Graseby syringe driver (GSD); explaining the GSD to patient and family; setting the rate on the GSD; putting appropriate type and dose of drugs in the GSD. STUDY DESIGN: training programme with pre-training, post-training and follow-up questionnaires. SAMPLE AND SETTING: palliative care nurse consultants presented half-day training sessions to 270 non-specialist nurses throughout the rural Grampians Health Region of Victoria, Australia. Nurses were from rural acute and sub-acute care settings, aged care facilities, and district nursing and nurse education services. MEASUREMENTS: demographic details of participants, previous experience and training with GSDs, comparative analyses of the four confidence parameters and participants' assessment of interest, new knowledge and usefulness of the training programme. Results: increases in confidence levels were found in participating nurses in relation to each of the four confidence parameters. A follow-up survey tested residual benefit three months after the training programme. Statistically significant variations were found in nurses' confidence levels in relation to frequency of use. CONCLUSIONS: regular use of, and/or refresher sessions about the GSD are recommended to maintain optimum confidence, effective and safe nursing use of the GSD in palliative care.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001210
Exploring the use of clinical laboratories in undergraduate nursing programs in regional Australia
- Authors: Wellard, Sally , Woolf, Rhonda , Gleeson, Lynne
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship Vol. 4, no. 1 (2007), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Preparation for clinical practice is arguably a vital component of undergraduate nursing education with clinical laboratories widely adopted as a strategy to support student development of clinical skills. However, there is little empirical evidence about the role laboratories play in students' learning or how they assist in linking theory to practice. This study aimed to explore the current clinical laboratory practices in Schools of Nursing in regional Victoria, Australia through site visits, interviews and review of curricula. Findings revealed that approaches to laboratory learning are based on traditions rather than evidence, and have evolved in response to fiscal and environmental challenges. The predominance of teacher talk in the laboratory, has lead to acute care over other areas of practice. This study indicates a need for rigorous investigation of pedagogies that can support nursing students in preparation for clinical practice. It remains unclear if laboratory learning experiences assist students in the translation of theoretical knowledge to practice. Copyright ©2007 The Berkeley Electronic Press. All rights reserved.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003005867
Assessment of learning in contemporary nurse education : Do we need standardised examination for nurse registration?
- Authors: Wellard, Sally , Bethune, Elizabeth , Heggen, Kristin
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Nurse Education Today Vol. 27, no. 1 (2007), p. 68-72
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: In Australia and Norway final examinations to determine eligibility for registration as a nurse were discontinued during the period when nurse education moved into the higher education sector. In response to recent calls for the reintroduction of final examinations we explore the range of knowledge needs for the practice of nursing. These various forms of knowledge demand different forms of mediation and acquisition as well as assessment. There are numerous problems identified in the literature about the shortcomings of examinations as the foundation of assessing clinically based professions. There is a need to develop systems of appropriate assessment to ensure that graduates of nursing demonstrate adequate knowledge and competence to enter their profession. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003002546
Increased unintended patient harm in nursing practise as a consequence of the dominance of economic discourses
- Authors: Heggen, Kristin , Wellard, Sally
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Nursing Studies Vol. 41, no. 3 (2004), p. 293-298
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Caring is characterized by close and fragile relations between nurses and patients. At times, even with good intentions, nurses cause unintended harm of patients. We argue that the dominance of economic discourses in health care and their subsequent influence on service delivery and health care practices has the potential to increase unintended patient harm. Similar techniques and practices can result in either desired outcomes or harmful outcomes. We explore the notion of unintended harm and some of the ways it arises in nursing practice. We argue there is a clear link between the dominance of economic discourses and an increased risk of unintended harm. As a consequence of the dominance of economic rationalist discourses and the subsequent systems of control introduced, the practice of nursing has been significantly influenced. The challenge for nurses and the nursing profession is to develop strategies to refuse to give in to the dominance of economic interests over the need to prevent harm.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000837
Relationships between stressors, work supports, and burnout among cancer nurses
- Authors: Barnard, D. , Street, Annette Fay , Love, Anthony
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Cancer Nursing Vol. 29, no. 4 (2006), p. 338-345
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: This pilot study investigated the relationships between stressors, work supports, and burnout among cancer nurses. One hundred and one registered nurses, employed at a major specialist oncology, metropolitan Australian hospital, completed self-report questionnaires measuring these constructs and provided responses to open-ended questions. The 50 listed stressors were experienced as sources of stress by more than 50% of the sample; most work support came from peers, rather than supervisor and organizational supports; and the overall level of burnout for the sample was moderate to low. Significant positive correlations were found between Stressors and the Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalization subscales of the Maslach Burnout Inventory and a significant weak positive correlation between Peer Support and Personal Accomplishment (intensity). Findings are discussed in relation to developing strategies for reducing stress and burnout among cancer nurses, and directions for further study are suggested.
- Description: 2003007265
Issues in the provision of nursing care to people undergoing cardiac surgery who also have type 2 diabetes
- Authors: Wellard, Sally , Cox, Helen , Bhujoharry, Claire
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International journal of nursing practice Vol. 13, no. 4 (2007), p. 222-228
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: There has been little investigation of the issues associated with caring for patients presenting for cardiac surgery with a comorbid diagnosis of diabetes although there is some evidence that the diabetes management is suboptimal. This study aimed to identify issues that patients and cardiac specialist nurses experience with the provision of inpatient services for people undergoing cardiac surgery who also have type 2 diabetes. A qualitative interpretive design, using individual interviews with patients and nurses, provided data about some of these issues. The study found that nurses had high levels of confidence in their cardiac care but little confidence in diabetes management. Patients described concerns about their diabetes care and treatment regimens. A 'typical journey' for a person with diabetes undergoing cardiac surgery was identified. The findings support the need to build increased capacity in specialist nurses to support diabetes care as a secondary diagnosis.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003005865
Discursive influences on clinical teaching in Australian undergraduate nursing programs
- Authors: McKenna, Lisa , Wellard, Sally
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Nurse Education Today Vol. 24, no. 3 (2004), p. 229-235
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Clinical teaching is a vital, yet multidimensional component of Australian undergraduate nursing courses. Unlike other parts of curricula, clinical teaching relies on the both higher education and health care sectors to meet prescribed goals and for effective student learning to occur. As such it is influenced by discourses from within both education and health. Whilst there is considerable literature related to undergraduate nursing clinical teaching; it mainly deals with practical aspects such as effectiveness of clinical teaching or discussions of models employed. Only a small pool of literature exists that discusses the construction of clinical teaching including the factors that have influenced the development of practices both in the past and present. Using the work of Foucault, this paper examines dominant and competing discourses influencing clinical teaching through their constructions within the literature. These are discourses of academia, nursing, and economics. The discussion situates these discourses and discusses how some of the resultant issues surrounding clinical education remain largely unresolved. Crown Copyright © 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000838
About the culture of in-home nursing
- Authors: Hall, Joanne , McWilliam, Carol
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Home Health Care Services Quarterly Vol. 25, no. 3-4 (2006), p. 75-90
- Full Text: false
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- Description: As nurses assume a multitude of roles in health care, public and professional perspectives of nursing vary and, consequently, both clients and providers, including nurses themselves, do not fully appreciate the nature of in-home nursing. In this study ethnographic methods were used to capture participants' perspectives of the actions, practices, values, and beliefs that collectively comprise the culture of nursing in the context of home nursing services in rural Australia. Findings reveal how nurses' and clients' experiences of in-home nursing differ from the textbook picture, and how interactions between nurses' practice approaches and care recipients' enactment of the client role create a cultural context affecting clients' health and well-being. Given similar findings in other countries, the insights gained merit consideration by all professionals concerned about refining home care service approaches in keeping with currently espoused valuing of client-centered, empowering care partnerships. Copyright © by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001688
The effectiveness of a training program for emergency department nurses in managing violent situations
- Authors: Deans, Cecil
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing Vol. 21, no. 4 (2004), p. 17-22
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: An Australian Institute of Criminology report (1999) highlighted the health industry as the most violent industry in Australia with registered nurses recording the second highest number of violence. related workers compensation claims, ranking higher than prison and police officers. Workplace violence has become such a common phenomenon that many nurses accept it as a part of nursing. Nurses employed in emergency departments (EDs) are considered to be especially vulnerable to workplace violence. Although there have been a number of studies reporting on the incidence of workplace violence and its consequences upon nurses, to date there have been no empirical studies that have evaluated interventions which are thought to reduce its occurrence and impact. This study investigated the effectiveness of a oneday training program in which ED nurses participated. In particular, their knowledge, skiUs and attitudes relating to management of workplace violence were examined. Results show that a training program has many positive outcomes which enhance nurses' ability to manage aggressive behaviours. With some basic training, ED nurses can be more prepared to manage violent and potentially violent situations, and by doing so may in fact reduce the incidence of aggression in their workplace by 50%. This has largely been achieved by raising the awareness of ED nurses to the nature of the problem, developing their knowledge and skills in managing aggressive behaviour, and improving their attitudes toward potentially violent patients.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000862
A comparative study of antipsychotic medication taking in people with schizophrenia
- Authors: McCann, Terence , Deans, Cecil , Clark, Eileen , Lu, Sai
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing Vol. 17, no. 6 (2008), p. 428-438
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Medication adherence is problematic in all chronic illnesses, none more so than in individuals with schizophrenia. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the factors that impacted upon antipsychotic medication taking in people with schizophrenia living in regional-rural and metropolitan Victoria, Australia, and to assess if differences existed between these two groups of participants in the factors that affected medication taking. The Factors Influencing Neuroleptic Medication Taking Scale was used with a non-probability survey sample of 81 people with schizophrenia. Ethics approval was given by university and hospital ethics committees. The results showed, overall, that there were no significant differences between the sets of participants in several demographic characteristics, insight, stigma, substance abuse, types of antipsychotic medications, significant others' support, and access to case managers and general practitioners. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups concerning living circumstances, involvement in religious/spiritual activities, perceived impact of medication side-effects, and access to psychiatrists. However, there were no statistically significant relationships between these factors and medication omission. The implications of the findings for consumers, mental health nurse case managers, families, mental health service provision, and further research, are considered. © 2008 The Authors.
Manual handling risks associated with the care, treatment and transportation of bariatric patients and clients in Australia
- Authors: Cowley, Stephen , Leggett, Susan
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Nursing Practice Vol. 16, no. 3 (2010), p. 262-267
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: To gain an understanding of the factors that affect the risks and the adoption of risk control measures during the care of bariatric patients, focus groups were conducted in rural and metropolitan locations in Australia. It was found that the manual handling injury risk to carers is influenced by the design of the environments within which patient movement is undertaken; the limited range of handling equipment available for use with bariatric patients; and the efficacy of organizational procedures and training. Adoption of risk controls is hampered by the absence of a standard definition of the term 'bariatric' and limitations in the use of weight and body mass index in definitions. There are gaps in information flow during the bariatric patient journey through the health-care system and a lack of knowledge about how to safely manage the unique needs of bariatric patients.
To Lopez V (2005) commentary on Lee et al. (2004)
- Authors: Henderson, Amanda , Shum, David , Lee, David
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Clinical Nursing Vol. 14, no. 8 A (2005), p. 1013-1014
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: C1
Developing culturally competent reflective practitioners. Part 1. Cultural reflections
- Authors: Stockhausen, Lynette
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Asian Journal of Nursing Vol. 10, no. 4 (2007), p. 212-217
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Reflective practice is principally a widely recognised Euro-western concept that has been used to promote inquiry; however, explanations of the natures and use of reflective practice in its present form may not be easily transferable to some Asian cultures. The cultural significance of introducing an educational practice as unfamiliar as reflective practice to experienced nurse practitioners and undergraduate nursing students in Japan and Vietnam are highlighted. Part 1 of this 2 part article on developing culturally competent reflective practitioners reflects on previous research studies, the literature, and the author's experiences as a teacher and consultant in Japan and Vietnam. © 2007 Scientific Communications International Limited.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003005860
Levels of fatigue in people with ESRD living in far North Queensland
- Authors: Bonner, Ann , Wellard, Sally , Caltabiano, Marie
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Clinical Nursing Vol. 17, no. 1 (Jan 2008), p. 90-98
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Aims. Levels of fatigue as experienced by people with end stage renal disease (ESRD), were assessed using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). Background. Fatigue, a common symptom reported by people with ESRD, is a multifaceted, subjective experience, which is readily understood by individuals but difficult to measure. There is limited understanding of the level of fatigue experienced by people with ESRD, with research currently limited to people treated with haemodialysis. Method. The FSS was completed by 92 people with ESRD who were patients of a renal service in far North Queensland, Australia. Demographic and renal health history data were also collected with the self-report survey. Results. Comparisons were preformed between overall fatigue levels and different renal disorders, genders, ethnicity and renal replacement therapy (RRT). Participants in this study were more fatigued than the general population; there was no difference in levels of fatigue between gender and ethnicity. Participants with diabetic nephropathy and those who were predialysis were the most fatigued. A significant difference between mean fatigue scores was found for type of RRT [F(3,88) = 2.4, p < 0.05], with participants using peritoneal dialysis reporting the most fatigue. Additionally, participants categorized according to type of RRT, erythropoietin replacement therapy and current haemoglobin levels revealed significant mean differences on fatigue levels [F(3,88) = 2.74, p < 0.05]. Relevance to clinical practice. People with ESRD experience considerable fatigue; it is particularly important for nurses to understand this level of fatigue impacts on the daily life of patients. These findings provide the preliminary evidence to support the development of renal nursing practice guidelines related to symptom recognition and management of fatigue.
- Description: C1
Nursing education in Iran : Past, present, and future
- Authors: Tabari Khomeiran, Rasoul , Deans, Cecil
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Nurse Education Today Vol. 27, no. 7 (2007), p. 708-714
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Nursing education in Iran has undergone significant change since its genesis with foreign missionaries over one hundred years ago. More recently, following the 1979 Islamic revolution, nurse education has followed the direction taken by most other countries in moving from an apprenticeship model of training to an academic model. A series of transformative changes to nursing education specifically-and across the higher education system generally-has resulted in nurses now being able to undertake study across all university-based programs up to and including doctoral level. Contemporary nursing students have access to full-text professional journals through the internet, and they may pursue their doctoral studies in other countries. Although these improvements in nursing education in Iran are to be applauded, much more needs to be accomplished to ensure that highly competent nurse practitioners continue to be produced in this country. This article presents an historical overview of the development of nursing education in Iran, within its economic and sociopolitical contexts. Recommendations based upon lessons learned from historical and contemporary realities are presented in order to advance nursing education in this part of world. © 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003005859