Nano-structured photovoltaic cell design for high conversion efficiency by optimizing various parameters
- Authors: Shelat, Niraj , Das, Narottam , Khan, Masud , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2019 29th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference; Momi Bay, Fiji; 26th-29th November 2019
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: This paper investigates the effect of different types of nano-grating structures embossed on top of the substrate of solar photovoltaic (PV) cell for high conversion efficiency. The simulation results for light reflection are obtained by using Opti-wave finite difference time-domain (Opti-FDTD) software. These nano-grating structures have different shapes, such as triangular, trapezoidal, pillar and parabolic. These nano-grating profiles work as a multilayer anti-reflective coating for GaAs solar cells and reduce the light reflection from the surface of the panel and increase the light trapping capacity inside the solar cell. These structures allow the gradual change in refractive index and provide a high transmission and less reflection of light that confirms excellent anti-reflective coating and increased light trapping capacity inside the cell substrate. For this simulation, different periodic shaped arrangements were made to obtain the higher conversion efficiency, the factors considered while develop the design are the aspect ratio (AR), thickness of the nano-grating structure and duty cycles. The simulation result shows that the light reflection loss in pillar shaped nano-grating structures having 150 nm of height and a 50% period (i.e., duty cycle) is ~0.5% only, which is the lowest reflection loss obtained, when compared with the triangular and trapezoidal shaped nano-grating structures, it is approximately 38% more efficient in trapping the incident light.
- Description: This research is supported by the School of Engineering and Technology, Melbourne, Victoria; Centre for Intelligent Systems, Brisbane, QLD, Central Queensland University, Australia.
Multi-agent based autonomous control of microgrid
- Authors: Shawon, Mohammad Hasanuzzaman , Ghosh, Arimdam , Muyeen, S. , Baptista, Murilo , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings
- Relation: 2nd International Conference on Smart Power and Internet Energy Systems, SPIES 2020, 15-18 Sept. 2020, Bangkok, Thailand p. 333-338
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Microgrid (MG), a revolutionary concept in the energy infrastructure, plays an important role for the establishment of a resilient grid infrastructure. Since its emergence, it has evolved around a number of cutting edge technologies for its smooth operation and control. Among them multi-agent system (MAS) provides an intelligent and decentralized platform for the control of microgrid. This paper highlights the application of a MAS in an AC microgrid, including a detailed structure of microgrid, the communication interface between microgrid and multi-agent platform. A detailed small scale microgrid model has been simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment, whereas the agent platform has been implemented in JADE (Java Agent Development Framework) platform. The MAS autonomously detects main grid outage and facilitates seamless transition from grid-connected mode to islanding mode; thus ensures overall smooth operation of the power network. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of the MAS based control system. © 2020 IEEE.
Impact of PEV charging and rooftop PV penetration on distribution transformer life
- Authors: Geiles, Tristan , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2013 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PES 2013; Vancouver, Canada; 21st-25th July 2013 p. 1-5
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: As Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) take a greater share in the automobile market; their penetration levels may bring potential challenges to the electric utility especially at the distribution level. However with increasing penetration of rooftop photovoltaics (PVs) in residential networks, one major benefit is for rooftop PV units to counterbalance PEV loads, and hence normalize the useful life of distribution transformers. This effect has yet to be quantified in existing literature. This paper presents a study that evaluates the impact of PEV charging imposed on distribution transformer life, in the presence of rooftop PV units. The proposed methodology in this paper is applied to a real distribution system with various scenarios, including diversified PV and PEV penetration levels. Through deterministic and stochastic simulation, results reveal that distribution transformer increased loss-of-life (LOL), as a function of PEV charging, can be negated through the integration of distributed rooftop PV installation. © 2013 IEEE.
Online detection of partial discharge inside power transformer winding through IFRA
- Authors: Mohseni, Bahar , Hashemnia, Naser , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2017 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, PESGM 2017; Chicago, United States; 16th-20th July 2017 Vol. 2018, p. 1-5
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Predictive maintenance offers substantial benefits for detecting the early signs of power transformer faults before they burgeon into catastrophic failures. Online impulse frequency response analysis is a recently-developed diagnostic method for in service transformer with a promising outlook. This paper aims to propose an online partial discharge detection method the online IFRA test. To emulate the dynamic performance characteristics of in service transformer, 3D finite element model of the transformer is calculated in Maxwell Software. In post processing, the FEM sub-circuit model is exported into an external Maxwell Spice circuit to study the terminal behaviors of the transformer. A pulse signal simulating PD is injected between sections of the LV winding. The S transform is then applied to the recorded input and output signals in healthy and faulty conditions to construct the electrical impedance as well as the time-frequency contours of the transient responses. Also, a mechanical deformation is imposed on the transformer to compare its impact on online IFRA to the impact of internal partial discharge.
An experimental thermographic safety audit focusing on temperature rise vs load in electrical installations in a Bangladesh garments factory
- Authors: Islam, Syed , Huque, Mozammel , Khan, Liakot , Hossain, Imran
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 4th International Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering, ICAEE 2017; Dhaka, Bangladesh; 28th-30th September 2017 Vol. 2018, p. 561-564
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Thermographic scanning of electrical installations is sometimes conducted as part of electrical safety audits. This scanning is mostly considered based on the present temperature identified on a particular device or location and according to a pre-specified temperature category. But in most of the cases the recommended temperature of the particular devices cannot be considered during temperature categorization. There are many electrical audits using Thermographic scanning and recommend solution based on normal category of temperature rather than manufacturer's suggestion or specified standard for particular electrical device. Now a days, thermographic scanning is being used in Readymade Garments (RMG) industries in Bangladesh in such simple way where details analysis are not in practice and hence exact recommendation is absent in reports. The importance of this topic is focused on the 4.2 million people working in more than 5,000 factories in Bangladesh, where 80% of the fire incident are caused by inappropriate electrical installation or short circuits (as per Fire Service and Civil Defense statistics of Bangladesh). Recently many violent industrial accidents caused death of more than 1,500 people in the last 3 years. Among these, majority of the incidents were due to unsafe electrical system and inappropriate maintenance. The paper will further explore the importance of thermal scanning on electrical devices and compare the temperature considering manufacturer's recommendation for identifying system errors. The paper is written based on previously published recommendations and based on conducting an experimental sample audit aimed to develop a thermography based auditing standard. Based on the statistical and systematic analysis of the obtained data (e.g. temperature values, visual abnormalities, comparative differences) the paper will further discuss the possible area(s) that can be improved by introducing the thermal reports for the safety audits. This paper is aimed to develop an auditing structure proposed to implement identified areas within a standard electrical safety audit process.
Application of SMES unit to improve the overall performance of DFIG-based WECS
- Authors: Khamaira, Mahmoud , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed , Masoum, Mohammad
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2014 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting; National Harbor, United States; 27th-31st July 2014 Vol. 2014, p. 1-5
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Doubly Fed Induction Generators (DFIGs) are nowadays extensively used in variable speed wind power plants due to their advantages that include reduced converter rating, low cost, reduced losses with an improved efficiency, easy implementation of power factor correction schemes, variable speed operation and four quadrants active and reactive power control capabilities. On the other hand, DFIG sensitivity to grid disturbances, especially for the voltage dip represents the main disadvantage of the equipment. This paper presents the application of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) unit to improve the overall performance of a DFIG-based wind energy conversion systems (WECS). Two control approaches namely; hysteresis current controller (HCC) along with proportional integral (PI) controller and a fuzzy logic (FL) controller for the SMES unit are presented and compared. Various grid codes are used to examine the capability of the two proposed controllers to improve the low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability of the DFIG to maintain the wind turbine connection to the grid through fault durations.
- Description: IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting
Optimal scheduling with dynamic line ratings and intermittent wind power
- Authors: Banerjee, Binayak , Jayaweera, Dilan , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2014 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting; National Harbor, United States; 27th-31st July 2014 Vol. 2014, p. 1-5
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Limited transmission capacity may lead to wind curtailment during periods of high availability of wind. This paper presents an improved methodology to quantify the latent scheduling capacity of a power system taking into account stochastic variation in line-thermal rating, intermittency of wind, and mitigating the risk of network congestion associated with high penetration of wind. The approach is aimed at strategic planning of power systems in the context of power systems with short to medium length lines with a priori known unit commitment decisions and uses stochastic optimization with a two stage recourse action. Results suggest that a considerable level of wind penetration is possible with dynamic line ratings, without adversely affecting the risk of network congestion.
- Description: IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting
A three-phase half-bridge cascaded inverter with reduced number of input DC supply
- Authors: Hasan, Mubashwar , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Islam, Syed , Muyeen, S.
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings
- Relation: 2017 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2017; Melbourne, Australia; 19th-22nd November 2017 Vol. 2017, p. 1-7
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Cascaded multilevel inverters (MLI) have recently received much attention due to its ability to perform well in various high voltage and high power applications with high efficiency. Cascaded inverters are able to generate high voltage output by utilizing a number of low voltage DC supplies and switches of low blocking voltage rating, which make cascaded MLI a cost effective choice for high voltage/power applications. The main drawback of cascaded MLI is the requirement of large number of isolated DC sources particularly, for three phase applications where the number of required input DC sources is three times that of single phase structure. In addition to the extra cost it will incur, the use of large number of DC supplies within the inverter will significantly increase its physical size, and complicate the management of such large number of DC sources. This paper presents a new topology for three phase MLI with a minimum number of input DC supplies. Symmetric and asymmetric input DC supply modes are developed for the proposed topology. Simulation and experimental results are provided to assess the performance of the proposed MLI topology.
Analysis of IEC 61850 for a Reliable Communication System between Substations
- Authors: Yang, Xin , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2013 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2013; Hobart, Australia; 29th September-3rd October 2013 p. 1-6
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: IEC 61850 Standard was introduced to address the challenge presented by existence of the multiple protocols in substation communications, which include many proprietary protocols; and to address the challenge introduced by legacy complicated substation from both cost and complicity. In this paper, the simulation results of different types of IEC 61850 network system configurations using OPNET Modeler simulation software were presented and the influence on data rate and delay characteristics of these system configurations were evaluated. The simulated results confirm that the ring configured system suitable for higher loading characteristics and higher system reliability.
Security enhancement with nodal criticality based integration of PHEV micro grids
- Authors: Jayaweera, Dilan , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2013 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2013; Hobart, Australia; 29th September-3rd October 2013 p. 1-6
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Modern distribution networks are increasingly vulnerable to disturbances and improving the security of supply to customers are complex and challenging with the traditional approach. This paper presents a new approach to enhance the security of power supply in an active distribution network by integrating PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle) based micro grids on the basis of the nodal criticality. The nodal criticality is assessed by integrating operational uncertainties of events into samples of Monte Carlo simulation and classifying load interruptions on the basis of their magnitudes and frequencies. Criticality of the system stress that results nodal loads shedding is classified into arrays of clusters based on the magnitudes of interrupted loads at samples. The critical clusters that represent largest disturbances to the respective nodal loads are served with PHEV micro grids. Case studies are performed, and the results suggest that the security of distribution networks can be significantly improved with the proposed approach.
Battery impedance measurement using sinusoidal ripple current emulator
- Authors: Hossain, Kamal , Islam, Syed , Park, Sung-Yeul
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 9th Annual IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2017; Cincinnati, United States; 1st-5th October 2017 Vol. 2017, p. 2754-2759
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: This paper presents a sinusoidal ripple current (SRC) emulator which superimposes an ac ripple current frequency into a dc charging current in order to produce a sinusoidal ripple current without a ripple current controller. It can be used for several purposes:1) to analyze the impact of ac ripple current magnitude and frequency on the battery internal characteristics; 2) to determine the parameters related to thermal rise and lithium plating; 3) to obtain more updated parameter information for improved utilization of a battery; 4) to determine the optimal ripple current frequency at the minimum impedance point by sweeping the ripple current frequency; 5) to utilize the obtained impedance data for estimating the battery circuit parameters and SOC level. The internal characteristics of batteries are complex and dynamic; therefore, it is beneficial to use the SRC emulator to validate SRC performance in a battery stack before integrating a SRC algorithm into a battery charger. This paper describes the development procedure of a SRC emulator to produce the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement for measuring the battery internal impedance. In order to validate the performance of the SRC emulator, a 12.8 V, 40 Ah Li-ion battery was charged at C/8 rate in CC mode with ± 1 App ac ripple current perturbation with an impedance from 20 Hz to 2 kHz.
Impact of buckling deformation on the FRA signature of power transformer
- Authors: Amini, Arman , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2013 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2013; Hobart, Australia; 29th September-3rd October 2013 p. 1-4
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Power transformer is an important asset within the electrical power system network. Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) has been developing in popularity in recent years as a tool to detect mechanical deformation of power transformers winding. Since the FRA has been relying on graphical analysis, it calls for an expert person to analyze the results to detect the type of the fault and its location. There are no reliable guidelines for FRA signature in the event that a failure occurs in service and the impact can be far reaching. The concept of FRA has been successfully used as a diagnostic technique to detect the winding deformation, core and clamping structure for the power transformers. This paper investigated the impact of the forced and free winding buckling based on the variation of the electrical parameters to show how these faults vary the FRA signature.
Alleviating post-contingency congestion risk of wind integrated systems with dynamic line ratings
- Authors: Banerjee, Binayak , Jayaweera, Dilan , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 24th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2014; Perth, Australia; 28th September-1st October 2014 p. 1-6
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: One of the factors hindering the large scale integration of wind power is the post contingency congestion of a network due to limited availability of network capacity and auxiliary constraints. Under such conditions, the network operators can potentially request a curtailment of wind farm output if the remedial strategies fail. The paper investigates this problem in detail and proposes a mathematical framework to capture the post contingency spare capacity of network assets that is required to limit the wind curtailment. The proposed approach incorporates stochastic variation in asset thermal rating; models network congestion, and quantifies the risk of congestion using an extended version of conic-quadratic programming based optimization. The uniqueness of the proposed mathematical model is that it converts conventional thermal constraints to dynamic constraints by using a discretized stochastic penalty function with quadratic approximation of constraint relaxation penalty. The results suggest that the wind utilization can be maximized if the networks are operated 30-50% less than the nominal rating of the assets.
Reactive power distribution strategy using power factor correction converters for smart home application
- Authors: Islam, Syed , Maxwell, Shawn , Hossain, Kamal , Park, Sung-Yeul , Park, Sungmin
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2016 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition, ECCE 2016; Milwaukee, United States; 18th-22nd September 2016 p. 1-6
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Multiple unit of PFC converters can be utilized for better power quality in the residential applications. It is important to set proper amount of reactive power contribution from each unit of PFC converter to reduce power loss and increase stability. To set the referenced amount of reactive power contribution for each PFC converter, a dynamic supervisory controller is necessary. In this paper, a wireless based supervisory controller is introduced to mitigate the problem. Multiple unit of unidirectional bridgeless ac-dc boost PFC converters were used as reactive power resources in a smart home application. The supervisory controller is comprised of a discrete Proportional-Integral controller and distributor which sets the reactive power references for each PFC converter. The controller was designed based on the systems identification method. The controller was designed and simulated considering different communication delays. In the ideal condition, the system had no communication delay. However, actual practical system had some reasonable delay. The effect of the use of supervisory controller was observed for dynamic load changing conditions. The simulation was done by using SIMULINK. Reactive power consumption from grid becomes 0VAR within 0.25 second for ideal condition. However, for the actual condition this become 9.35 seconds.
Performance monitoring of a PMU in a microgrid environment based on IEC 61850-90-5
- Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2016 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2016; Brisbane, Australia; 25th-28th September 2016 p. 1-5
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Reliable protection, communication and control are the key features of a digital protection scheme in a utility substation. Microgrid is an alternative solution of installing long Transmission & Distribution lines could be cost prohibitive. There are number of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) which could find applications in controlling and monitoring of power network in a Microgrid set up and one such device is Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU). It is a microprocessor based intelligent device which gathers high-resolution data, checks the power quality and records disturbances. However, few issues that remains to be addressed such as, interoperability in a multi-vendor equipment and coordination between individual control systems in an integrated scheme. In this paper, an Operational Network Technology (OPNET) software model of a PMU has been designed and tested for its performance in a Microgrid environment based on IEC 61850-90-5 standard.
High performance communication redundancy in a digital substation based on IEC 62439-3 with a station bus configuration
- Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 25th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2015; Wollongong, Australia; 27th-30th September 2015 p. 1-5
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: High speed communication is critical in a digital substation from protection, control and automation perspectives. Although International Electro-Technical Commission (IEC) 61850 standard has proven to be a reliable guide for the substation automation and communication systems, yet it has few shortcomings in offering redundancies in the protection architecture, which has been addressed better in IEC 62439-3 standard encompassing Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) and High-Availability Seamless Redundancy (HSR). Due to single port failure, data losses and interoperability issues related to multi-vendor equipment, IEC working committee had to look beyond IEC 61850 standard. The enhanced features in a Doubly Attached Node components based on IEC 62439-3 provides redundancy in protection having two active frames circulating data packets in the ring. These frames send out copies in the ring and should one of the frame is lost, the other copy manages to reach the destination node via an alternate path, ensuring flawless data transfer at a significant faster speed using multi-vendor equipment and fault resilient circuits. The PRP and HSR topologies provides higher performance in a digitally protected substation and promise better future over the IEC 61850 standard due to its faster processing capabilities, increased availability and minimum delay in data packet transfer and wireless communication in the network. This paper exhibits the performance of PRP and HSR topologies focusing on the redundancy achievement within the network and at the end nodes of a station bus ring architecture, based on IEC 62439-3.
Application of S transform for detection of external interferences in online transformer impulse frequency response analysis
- Authors: Mohseni, Bahar , Hashemnia, Naser , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 17th IEEE International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering and 2017 1st IEEE Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Europe, EEEIC / I and CPS Europe 2017; Milan, Italy; 6th-9th June 2017 p. 1-4
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Online impulse frequency response analysis is a recently-developed diagnostic method for in service transformer with a promising outlook. This paper aims to detect the impact of external interferences including pulse shaped interferences from switching operations and other phenomena in the power system on the frequency response of the transformer. For modeling the transformer for online IFRA, a simulation approach based on finite element analysis (FEA) and circuit analysis is used. In this approach, instead of using a linear model with static parameters, 3D finite element model of the transformer is calculated in Maxwell Software and then exported into an external Maxwell Spice circuit which allows for study the terminal behaviors of the transformer. A modified S transform is then applied to the recorded input and output signals in healthy and faulty conditions to construct the electrical impedance as well as the time-frequency contours of the transient responses.
Voltage profile modification in harmonically affected power networks
- Authors: Yengejeh, Hadi , Islam, Syed , Galvani, Sadjad
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 17th International Conference on Harmonics and Quality of Power, ICHQP 2016; Minas Gerais, Brazil; 16th-19th October 2016 Vol. 2016, p. 652-656
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Considering importance of power quality in power systems especially in distribution systems and daily increasing application of electronic devices which are more sensitivity to quality of supplied power, improvement of quality of power is a must. Hence, in this paper voltage profile in distribution systems has been paid attention and improvement of voltage profile by various type of capacitor placement has been investigated. The effects of applying these methods on networks voltage profile have been scrutinized. These methods have been compared to each other and the best method has been selected for this affair. To achieve precise result, harmonic load flow is performed on case study that is IEEE 37 node test feeder.
Understanding online frequency response signatures for transformer winding deformation: Axial displacement simulation
- Authors: Zhao, Zhongyong , Islam, Syed , Hashemnia, Naser , Hu, Di , Yao, Chenguo
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2016 International Conference on Condition Monitoring and Diagnosis, CMD 2016; Xi'an, China; 25th-28th September 2016 p. 404-407
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The power transformer is considered as the most critical and expensive device in substation, however, the irreversible transformer winding mechanical deformation can eventually develop into catastrophic failure if no further steps are taken in a proper way, which would cause the outage of transformer and the significant economic losses. Online frequency response analysis (FRA) has been proven to be a promising tool for condition monitoring and diagnosing of winding deformation. Online FRA relies on graphic comparison of signatures, but up to now, there is no standard and practical interpretation code for signatures classification and quantification. This paper particularly studies the characteristic of online FRA signatures under the winding axial displacement mode, in which the 3D finite element electromagnetic analysis and online transformer equivalent high frequency electrical model are established as auxiliary tools to precisely emulate winding axial displacement. Results of this simulation will provide guidance on understanding online frequency response signatures.
Analysis of power system communication architectures between substations using IEC 61850
- Authors: Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 5th Brunei International Conference on Engineering and Technology, BICET 2014; Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam; 1st-3rd November 2014 Vol. 2014, p. 1-6
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Interoperability among multi-vendor substations automation devices, is now achievable due to the introduction of IEC 61850 standard, which allows power system communication between substations. This standard does not mandatorily demands for redundancy in any type of substation neither does it mentions a specific type of substation design application. Ethernet based communication protocols for substation automation systems (SASs) are specified in IEC 61850 standard. The standards include Ethernet based process-level connections between switchyards and control rooms. However, their in-service performance is not well known. Moreover, IEC 61850 demands for a communication topology which is zero point failure proof and provides worthy data transmission rates, without pursuing any delays. In order to achieve these norms, Ethernet architectures must be modelled and analysed in detail. The performance of individual architecture must be analysed in terms of their reliability, availability and efficiency of data transfer. This paper presents the reliability and availability using the reliability block diagrams, along with OPNET network real-time simulations, which shows the efficiency of individual architecture along with comparing and synthesizing the most effective communication topology for the SASs.