User-avatar bond profiles : how do they associate with disordered gaming?
- Authors: Stavropoulos, Vasileios , Gomez, Rapson , Mueller, Astrid , Yucel, Murat , Griffiths, Mark
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Addictive Behaviors Vol. 103, no. (2020), p.
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- Description: Aims: The avatar constitutes the in-game representation of the gamer. Although aspects of the user-avatar bond (UAB) have been associated with disordered gaming, there is a need for clearer understanding concerning the impact of potential UAB profiles. Methods: To address this need, the present study recruited a normative sample of 1022 World of Warcraft (WoW) players (Mage = 28.55 years, SD = 9.90). Participants completed the User-Avatar Questionnaire (to assess UAB aspects such as identification, immersion, and compensation), the Proteus-Effect Scale (to assess transference of the avatar's behaviour in real life), and the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short-Form (to assess disordered gaming). Results: Latent class analysis indicated the existence of three UAB profiles, ‘differentiated gamers’ (DGs), ‘identified gamers’ (IGs) and ‘fused gamers’ (FGs). The DGs were characterized by low scores across all UAB aspects. The IGs did not report significant Proteus Effect (PE) or immersion behaviours, and despite being more identified with their avatar, did not significantly compensate through it. The FGs presented with higher PE, immersion, and compensation, although they did not significantly identify with their avatars, possibly due to having idealized them. Disordered gaming behaviours were significantly lower for the DGs and sequentially higher for the IGs and the FGs. Preoccupation and mood modification behaviours related to gaming disorder were distinctively associated with FGs. Conclusion: Disordered gaming assessment and treatment implications of the UAB profiles are discussed. © 2019 Elsevier Ltd
- Description: Murat Yucel has received funding from Monash University , and Australian Government funding bodies such as the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC; including Fellowship #APP1117188 ), the Australian Research Council (ARC), and the Department of Industry, Innovation and Science. He has also received philanthropic donations from the David Winston Turner Endowment Fund, Wilson Foundation, as well as payment from law firms in relation to court and/or expert witness reports. The funding sources had no role in the design, management, data analysis, presentation, or interpretation and write-up of the data.
Personality Inventory for DSM-5, Brief Form : Factor structure, reliability, and coefficient of congruence
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Watson, Shaun , Stavropoulos, Vasileios
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality Disorders-Theory Research and Treatment Vol. 11, no. 1 (2020), p. 69-77
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- Description: The Personality Inventory for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition. Brief Form (PID-5-BF), is a 25-item self-report questionnaire that measures the severity of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition-proposed personality pathology constructs of negative affectivity, detachment. antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism. The current study used exploratory factor analysis, exploratory structural equation modeling, and confirmatory factor analysis to examine the support for the theoretically proposed 5-factor model. In total, 502 adults (male = 182, female = 320, age = 18-67 years [M = 28.93, SD = 10.95]) provided ratings for the PID-5-BF. For the theorized 5-factor model, there was support for its factor structure, internal consistency reliabilities (Cronbach's. ordinal alpha, and omega) of the factors, and coefficient of congruence of the factors considering a previous Danish study. The findings also supported a strong general factor for a bifactor model involving a general factor alongside the 5 group factors. Together, the findings support the use of the 5 personality pathology constructs and the total PID-5-BF scores in clinical and research settings.
Help-seeking by rural residents for mental health problems: The importance of agrarian values
- Authors: Judd, Fiona , Jackson, Henry , Komiti, Angela , Murray, Greg , Fraser, Caitlin , Grieve, Aaron , Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 40, no. 9 (2006), p. 769-776
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- Description: Objective: To examine the role of stoicism, self-efficacy and perceived stigma in predicting help-seeking by rural residents, for mental health problems. Method: A cross-sectional community survey was conducted with a sample of 467 rural residents (58% female), who completed self-report questionnaires assessing current levels of symptomatology, disability, perceived stigma, self-efficacy, stoicism, attitudes towards and experience of seeking help for psychological problems. Results: Overall, 7.6% (n = 129) of respondents had sought help from a general practitioner and/or mental health professional for psychological problems or a mental health issue. More women than men reported having sought such help. Lifetime help-seeking for a psychological problem or mental health issue was positively associated with higher levels of distress and lower levels of stoicism and, to a lesser extent, lower levels of self-efficacy. Conclusions: Efforts to improve help-seeking by rural residents for mental health problems should focus on understanding and addressing attitudes, such as stoicism which act as barriers to help-seeking. © 2006 The Authors; Journal compilation © 2006 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003002045
Item response theory analysis of the spiritual well-being questionnaire
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Fisher, John
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 38, no. 5 (2005), p. 1107-1121
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- Description: Recently, Gomez and Fisher (2003) published the Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire (SWBQ). This is a self-rating measure with separate 5-item scales for personal, communal, environmental, and transcendental spiritual well-being. This study used item response theory (IRT) to examine the psychometric properties of these scales. A sample comprising 4462 participants from mainly secondary schools and universities completed the SWBQ. Samejima's graded response model was used for the analyses. The results showed that the discrimination parameters for all items in the four scales were moderate to large. The threshold parameters showed adequate representation of the relevant traits from low to the mean trait level for personal, communal and environmental items, and from low to moderately high trait level for the transcendental items. With the exception of five items, all other items showed good item information function values, and therefore acceptable reliability. The findings also indicated that the number of response options could be decreased and increased at the low and high trait levels, respectively. Thus while there was general support for the psychometric properties of the SWBQ from an IRT perspective, there were also indications that this measure can be further improved. © 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001243
An item response theory analysis of measures of the behavioural activation and inhibition systems
- Authors: Cooper, Andrew , Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Psychology Vol. 39, no. 5-6 (Oct-Dec 2004), p. 194-194
- Full Text: false
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- Description: C1
Convergent and discriminant validity of trait and source effects in ADHD-inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity measures across a 3-month interval
- Authors: Burns, Leonard , Walsh, James , Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology Vol. 31, no. 5 (2003), p. 529-541
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- Description: Confirmatory factor analysis was used to model a multitrait (ADHD-inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity) by multi-source (teachers and parents) design across a 3-month interval in a sample of 360 Australian elementary school children. The purpose was to evaluate the convergent and discriminant validity of the ADHD-inattention (IN) and hyperactivity/ impulsivity (H/I) measures. Although similar traits and similar sources showed stronger correlations across time than dissimilar traits and dissimilar sources, the amount of source variance in the ADHD-IN and ADHD-H/I measures was substantial and consistent across the interval (M = 59%; range = 35-84%). This large amount of source variance raises the possibility that the correlations of the IN and H/I rating scales with other constructs (e.g., social competence, conduct problems) represent mostly source rather than trait effects. Multitrait by multisource analyses provide a means to answer this question and further advance understanding of ADHD.
- Description: C1
The interrelations of perceptions of family adaptability and cohesion, self-esteem, and anxiety/depression in late adolescence
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , McLaren, Suzanne
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Psychology of Family Relationships Chapter p. 115-132
- Full Text: false
Item response theory analyses of the parent and teacher versions of DSM-IV ADHD rating scales
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Psychology Vol. 56, no. (2004), p. 187-187
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- Description: C1
The behavioural inhibition system and behavioural approach system (BIS/BAS) scales : Measurement and structural invariance across adults and adolescents
- Authors: Cooper, Andrew , Gomez, Rapson , Aucote, Helen
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 43, no. 2 (2007), p. 295-305
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Confirmatory factor analytic procedures were used to examine the factor structure of Carver and White's BIS/BAS Scales, and also its invariance across adults and adolescents. This measure, developed originally for adult use, has four scales: one for the Behavioural Inhibition System, and three for the Behavioural Approach System. To accomplish the aims, 631 adults and 300 adolescents completed the measure. The findings provided good support for the 4-factor structure, and for between-group invariance for the measurement (configural and metric) and structural (factor variances and covariances) models. These results mean that data obtained on the BIS/BAS Scales from early adolescents are directly comparable to scores from adults. © 2006 Elsevier.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003005420
The effects of perceived maternal parenting styles on the disruptive behaviours of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder/oppositional defiant disorder : Mediation by hostile biased social cognitions
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Gomez, Andre
- Date: 2002
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Advances in Psychology, Volume II Chapter 8 p. 37-55
- Full Text: false
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- Description: B1
- Description: 2003000181
Australian parent and teacher ratings of the DSM-IV ADHD symptoms: Differential symptom functioning and parent-teacher agreement and differences
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Attention Disorders Vol. 11, no. 1 (2007), p. 17-27
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- Description: Objective: The aims of the study were to examine differential symptom functioning (DSF) and agreement across parent and teacher ratings for the DSM-IV ADHD inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) symptoms, listed in the Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale (DBRS). Method: DSF was examined using a parametric technique involving ordinal logistic regression, and also a nonparametric technique known as kernel smoothing implemented in the program TestGraf. To accomplish the aims, Australian parents and teachers completed the DBRS for 213 children, between 6 and 11 years of age. Results: The results of both analytical procedures showed no DSF across all the IA and HI symptoms. Additional results indicated low parent-teacher agreement. Conclusion: The absence of DSF suggests that previous reports of low parent-teacher agreement are likely to reflect a true state of affairs and that parent and teacher ratings can be compared. In this context, the low parent-teacher agreement can be interpreted as indication that the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are situation specific. (J. of Att. Dis. 2007; 11(1) 17-27) © 2007 Sage Publications.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003005732
DSM-IV ADHD: Prevalence based on parent and teacher ratings of Malaysian primary school children
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Hafetz, Nina
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Asian Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 4, no. 1 (2011), p. 41-44
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- Description: Based on Malaysian parent and teacher agreement for ratings of their primary school-aged children on a scale comprising the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders- IV Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms, this study examined the prevalence rates of the three ADHD types. The prevalence rates for the Inattentive, Hyperactive-Impulsive, and Combined types were 0.96%, 0.32%, and 0.32%, respectively. For all types together, the male to female ratio was 4:1. © 2011 Elsevier B.V.
Measurement and structural invariance of parent ratings of ADHD and ODD symptoms across gender for American and Malaysian children
- Authors: Burns, Leonard , Walsh, James , Gomez, Rapson , Hafetz, Nina
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Psychological Assessment Vol. 18, no. 4 (2006), p. 452-457
- Full Text: false
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- Description: The purpose of this study was to examine the measurement (configural, metric, scalar, and residual) and structural (factor variance, factor covariance, and factor means) invariance of parent ratings of the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-inattention (ADHD-IN), ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (ADHD-HI), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms as described in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) across boys and girls. In an American pediatric sample (N = 1,015) and a Malaysian elementary school-age sample (N = 928), there was strong support for configural, metric, scalar, residual, factor variance, and covariance invariance across gender within each sample. Both American and Malaysian boys had significantly higher scores on the ADHD-IN and ADHD-HI factor means than did girls, whereas only in the American sample did boys score significantly higher on the ODD factor than did girls. The implications of the results for the study of gender, ethnic, and cultural differences associated with ADHD and ODD are discussed. © 2006 APA, all rights reserved.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003002033
The relationships between the BIS and BAS, anger and responses to anger
- Authors: Cooper, Andrew , Gomez, Rapson , Buck, Emily
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 44, no. 2 (2008), p. 403-413
- Full Text: false
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- Description: The aim of the current study was to examine the relations of the Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) and the Behavioural Approach System (BAS) with anger and other responses in situations depicting anger provocation. In all, 36 male and 64 female pharmacy workers completed the BIS/BAS Scales, the Spielberger State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 (STAXI), and the Anger Response Inventory (ARI). The BIS/BAS Scales have one scale for the BIS, and three subscales for the BAS (Reward Responsiveness, Drive, and Fun-Seeking). The ARI contains 23 anger scenarios. Participants were asked to imagine themselves in that scenario and then indicate how angry they would feel and how they would respond in that situation. It was found that the BIS and BAS-Drive related to STAXI trait anger, with the BIS relating to expressing anger inwardly and BAS-Drive negatively relating to the control of angry feelings. With the ARI scenarios, both BIS and BAS-Drive predicted Anger Arousal. When controlling for Anger Arousal, BAS-Fun Seeking significantly predicted aggressive responses to the anger scenarios, while BIS significantly predicted anger responses directed inwardly. The results are discussed in light of the relations between the BIS and BAS and anger. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Description: C1
The inter-relations of mother and father attachment, self-esteem and aggression during late adolescence
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , McLaren, Suzanne
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Aggressive Behavior Vol. 33, no. 2 (2007), p. 160-169
- Full Text: false
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- Description: This study examined three models depicting the relations between mother and father attachment, self-esteem and aggression. A total of 385 participants (173 males and 212 females), aged from 18 to 20 years, completed self-rating questionnaires covering mother and father attachment, self-esteem and aggression. Results showed that self-esteem had additive and mediation effects on both the father attachment-aggression and mother attachment-aggression relationships, and also moderated the mother attachment-aggression relation. These findings are discussed in terms of different models for the inter-relations of mother and father attachment, self-esteem and aggression in late adolescence. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003005738
Gender invariance of the five-factor model of personality among adolescents : A mean and covariance structure analysis approach
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 41, no. 4 (2006), p. 755-765
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- Description: The study used the mean and covariance structure analysis approach to test for gender invariance for the five-factor model of personality. The participants were 220 female and 218 male adolescents, between 15 and 17 years of age. All participants completed a five-factor model self-rating questionnaire, which had five items for each factor. The results supported configural invariance. All the extraversion, conscientiousness, and emotional stability items, and all but one agreeableness item showed metric and scalar invariance. For openness, three items failed to show metric and scalar invariance. Apart from openness, all the other four latent factors showed invariance for latent variances. All the mean scores for the latent factors showed invariance. Overall, therefore, there was fairly good support for gender invariance for the five-factor model. © 2006.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003002048
Domains of spiritual well-being and development and validation of the spiritual well-being questionnaire
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Fisher, John
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 35, no. 8 (2003), p. 1975-1991
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- Description: Fisher (1998) proposed a spiritual well-being model, comprising the domains of personal, communal, environmental and transcendental well-being, and a single global spiritual well-being dimension. This paper reports on four studies aimed at testing Fisher's theoretical model, and establishing the validity and reliability of a new self-rating questionnaire (Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire; SWBQ), developed to reflect this model. All four studies supported Fisher's model. The SWBQ showed good reliability (Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability and variance extracted), and validity (construct, concurrent, discriminant, predictive and factorial independence from personality). The SWBQ has the advantage over other existing spiritual well-being measures in that it is based on a broader and more empirically based conceptualization of spiritual well-being, and has well established psychometric properties. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000503
Personality traits of the behavioural approach and inhibition systems : Associations with processing of emotional stimuli
- Authors: Gomez, Andre , Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2002
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 32, no. 8 (2002), p. 1299-1316
- Full Text: false
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- Description: This study examined the relationships of the traits associated with Gray's behavioral approach system (BAS) and behavioural inhibition system (BIS) with cognitive processing of emotional information. Initially, participants completed questionnaires covering trait impulsivity and anxiety, and BAS and BIS sensitivities. They were then tested individually. After completing a questionnaire of current positive and negative moods, they completed three tasks measuring processing of pleasant, unpleasant and neutral information. Consistent with Gray's theory, the results showed that impulsivity and BAS sensitivity were associated with the processing of pleasant information, while anxiety and BIS sensitivity were associated with the processing of unpleasant information. These findings imply that Gray's BAS-BIS theory can be extended to cognitive processing of emotional information. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Description: 2003000180
Perceived maternal control and support : Effects on hostile biased social information processing and aggression among clinic-referred children with high aggression
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Gomez, Andre , DeMello, Lesley , Tallent, Ron
- Date: 2001
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines Vol. 42, no. 4 (2001), p. 513-522
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Based on a sample of 89 aggressive clinic-referred children, aged between 9 and 11 years, a longitudinal study of 1-year duration was conducted to examine (a) whether the children's perception of control and support of their mothers' to them predicted their hostile attribution of intent and hostile response selection, and (b) whether these hostile biased social cognitions mediated the relationships between their perceived maternal behaviours and their aggression. Participants completed a questionnaire covering both the perceived maternal control and support. One year later, their hostile attribution of intent and response selection, and aggression, were measured. Results showed that perceived maternal control and perceived maternal support were associated positively and negatively, respectively, with both the social cognition measures. Also, the social cognition measures mediated the relationships of the perceived maternal measures with aggression. The findings are discussed in terms of how children's hostile biased relational schemas and scripts, developed from negative parenting and insecure attachment, favour more hostile social cognitions, and how these in turn mediate children's current hostile biased social behaviours.
A multitrait-multisource confirmatory factor analytic approach to the construct validity of ADHD rating scales
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Burns, Leonard , Walsh, James , De Moura, Marcela Alves
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Psychological Assessment Vol. 15, no. 1 (2003), p. 3-16
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Confirmatory factor analysis was used to model a multitrait-multisource design to evaluate the construct validity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rating scales. The 2 trait factors were the ADHD inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity dimensions. The 2 source factors were parents and teachers. In Study 1, parents and teachers rated 1,475 Australian elementary school children on the ADHD symptoms. In Study 2, parents and teachers rated 285 Brazilian elementary school children on the ADHD symptoms. Similar results occurred in both studies with most of the ADHD symptoms containing more source than trait variance, thus providing weak evidence for the convergent and discriminant validity of the symptoms as measured by rating scales. The study outlines the implications of such strong source effects for understanding ADHD.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000493