Herbicides have negligible effects on ants and springtails in an Australian wheat field
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope , Reid, Ian , Packer, Ian
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Soil Biology and Biochemistry Vol. 42, no. 7 (2010), p. 1172-1175
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- Description: The effects of herbicides applied to a direct drilled and traditionally tilled wheat field on trap catches of the abundant Collembola and Formicidae were examined. Significantly higher abundances of Collembola and species richness of ants were found on the direct-drilled plots. A significant effect of the herbicides, bromoxynil (C7H3Br2NO) and hoegrass (diclofop-methyl), on the activity of two of the fourteen species of surface-dwelling Collembola was detected but no effect was observed on surface-active Formicidae. Jeannenotia stachi numbers were significantly more reduced on the direct-drilled compared to the traditionally tilled plot after herbicide treatment possibly because of higher predator abundance on the latter. In the short term, herbicides have a minimal effect on most species of surface-active arthropods although Collembola were more adversely affected than Formicidae. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Short term effects of wild fire on invertebrates in coastal heathland in southeastern Australia
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope , Smith, Derek
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Pacific Conservation Biology Vol. 16, no. 2 (2010), p. 123-132
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Differences in the assemblages of terrestrial arthropod communities in burnt and adjacent unburnt areas of coastal heathland are reported. The burnt site experienced a wildfire 20 months prior to sampling. Collections of invertebrates from pitfall traps in winter indicated that there was no difference in total species richness or total numbers of individuals trapped between burnt and unburnt plots. However, at species level, 60 percent of the taxa showed a strong preference for either burnt areas or unburnt areas with only a few species trapped in around equal numbers in both areas. Twenty percent of species were only found on the unburnt plots. The implications of these results for fire management are discussed.
New records of springtails in New Zealand pasture : How well are our pastoral invertebrates known?
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope , Boyer, Stéphane , Wratten, Steve
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 56, no. 2 (2013), p. 93-101
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Twenty-four collembolan species are recorded from improved pastures and clovers in New Zealand, of which 17 can be named to species or probable species, the others only to genus. Of the 17 named species, nine have been recorded before from New Zealand but the other eight are new records for the country. All named species are considered as introduced to New Zealand, probably originally from Europe and are unlikely to colonise native habitats. As all named species reported as new records can be abundant at times, this indicates poor knowledge of a major part of New Zealand's agricultural fauna. Collembola are a group of important microarthropod detritivores that make a significant contribution to ecosystem services. The absence so far of quantification of the contribution this and other soil groups make to ecological resilience and function is a serious problem. © 2013 The Royal Society of New Zealand.
- Description: 2003011135
The aerial invertebrate fauna of subantarctic Macquarie Island
- Authors: Hawes, Timothy , Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Biogeography Vol. 40, no. 8 (2013), p. 1501-1511
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Aim: The extent and diversity of invertebrate aerial dispersal both on remote islands and in polar regions has long been of interest to biogeographers. We therefore monitored the airborne dispersal of insects and other micro- and macroinvertebrates to and on Macquarie Island in order to assess (1) the magnitude and composition of local aerial dispersal activity by the island's invertebrate fauna, and (2) the potential for exotic arrival and establishment. Location: Macquarie Island. Methods: Two robust wind-traps were run year-round on Macquarie Island from 1991 to 1994 to collect airborne insects and other micro- and macroinvertebrates. Results: More than 3000 invertebrates were caught in these traps over the sampling period in the most comprehensive aerial survey of subantarctic invertebrates to date. Representatives of seven orders of Insecta were captured: Psocoptera, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. Other taxa captured included other arthropods (Arachnida and Collembola) but also terrestrial Gastropoda. Evidence of possible long-distance dispersal (LDD) was limited to two exotic catches (one species of Collembolon, and one species of Thysanoptera). The abundance and composition of indigenous invertebrates caught in the traps indicates that the frequency of short-distance dispersal (SDD) movements on the island far exceeds that which had previously been realized. Main conclusions: More than half the total catch (53%) was of flightless (i.e. passively dispersed) invertebrates, with 84% of them flightless in one of the two traps. The extent of passive dispersal movements is consistent, with most invertebrates being widely distributed at a whole-island scale. Aerial dispersal may act as a conduit for non-indigenous arrivals but this occurs infrequently. Other explanations for exotic species in traps are equally likely. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to terrestrial invertebrate biogeography. © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
- Description: 2003011217
New Australian Paronellidae (Collembola) reveal anomalies in existing tribal diagnoses
- Authors: Zhang, Feng , Ma, Yitong , Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Invertebrate Systematics Vol. 31, no. 4 (2017), p. 375-393
- Full Text: false
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- Description: We describe here two new species, Zhuqinia jingwanae, gen. & sp. nov. and Paronellides praefectus, sp. nov., both from Mount Twynam, New South Wales, Australia. The systematic position of Zhuqinia, gen. nov. in relation to other paronellids is not clear because the new genus possesses pointed, heavily striated scales similar to species of Callyntrurini. However, unlike species in that tribe, it lacks dental scales. Instead, Zhuqinia, gen. nov. is more similar to the unscaled genus Paronellides (Cremastocephalini) in other characters (abundant tergal macrochaetae, 2, 2|1, 2, 2, ?, 3 tergal S-chaetae, moderately long mucro with two teeth, etc.) but body scales are absent in all species of Paronellides. Multilocus phylogeny shows Zhuqinia, gen. nov. clustering with Paronellides rather than Callyntrurini or other Cremastocephalini genera. This study provides new information on the relationships between paronellid taxa, and changes the current higher classification of the family, particularly that of the tribes Cremastocephalini and Callyntrurini. As the new genus is known only from two peaks in the Snowy Mountain range, our data emphasise the role of montane areas as refugia for short-range endemic taxa. © CSIRO 2017.
Measuring changes in molecular and geographical distribution after forty years of a possible endemic genus of South Australian Collembola (Springtail)
- Authors: Stevens, Mark , Greenslade, Penelope , Porco, David
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: The South Australian Naturalist Vol. 87, no. 1 (2014), p. 18-21
- Full Text: false
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- Description: In the early 1970s several slides of an unusual Collembola (Springtail), labelled from Muston, Kangaroo Island by Herbert Womersley in 1943, were found in the South Australian Museum. These slides were in poor condition and were labelled "Ceratrimeria cooperi" but the species was never described. Extensive collections in South Australia throughout the 1970s and early 1980s showed that the species occurred fairly widely in the State, and it seemed to be most abundant on Kangaroo Island. Later taxonomic work on the related genus Ceratrimeria and allied genera in Australia has indicated that the South Australian species belonged to a new genus, possibly one of the few genera of Collembola likely to be endemic to South Australia.
Biology, affinity and description of an unusual aquatic new genus and species of isotomidae (collembola) from high altitude lakes in Tasmania
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope , Potapov, Mikhail
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: European Journal of Entomology Vol. 112, no. 2 (2015), p. 334-343
- Full Text: false
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- Description: A new species of Isotomidae (Collembola) was collected from submerged stones on the edge of nine lakes on Tasmania's Central Highland Plateau. Because it did not comply fully with the characters of any existing genus, a new genus, Chionobora gen. n. is erected for it here. An Antarctic species, Desoria klovstadi (Carpenter), has characters which conform with the new genus so is formally transferred to the new genus here. The Antarctic Continent and Tasmania were last in proximity 60 million years b.p. so it is suggested both species are relicts persisting in probable ice-free refugia during glacial cycles. Gut contents of specimens of the new species exclusively contained diatoms in various stages of digestion and the species appears to graze on aquatic macrophytes, a feeding habit not recorded before for Collembola. We note the high numbers of endemic invertebrate taxa of restricted distributions in cold habitats of southern regions compared to warmer regions and stress their conservation values and threats to their populations.
A note on scale morphology in Collembola
- Authors: Hawes, Timothy , Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Zootaxa Vol. 3925, no. 4 (2015), p. 594-596
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Many Collembola (e.g. Entomobryidae: Tomoceridae) are characterised by a ‘clothing’ (sensu Salmon 1941) of scales. These scales confer a metallic-silver colour, which, when the scales catch the light, renders an iridescence to the surface of these hexapods. The functional significance of these scales is incompletely understood, although there is some evidence that they contribute to predator evasion (Bauer & Pfeiffer 1991). Their presence or absence is a fundamental taxonomic character for many genera, while more specifically, their morphology has been widely used as a species-specific character since the first studies in Collembola systematics (Beck 1873; Salmon 1941). From an evolutionary perspective, scales represent a derivation of cuticular setae (André 1988) that has been adopted independently by different taxa. For example, a study by Zhang et al. (2014) has recently demonstrated the independent origin of scales at least five times in the family Entomobryidae. This note briefly draws attention to previously unrecognised complexity in scale presence and architecture in Collembola at the level of individual species. An informed recognition of this complexity is recommended for future taxonomy.
Conspectus of Australian Brachystomellidae (Collembola) with description of new species of Rapoportella and redescription of Cassagnella anomala
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: European Journal of Entomology Vol. 115, no. 1 (2018), p. 117-126
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- Description: As part of a modern review of all Australian Collembola families, a key is provided to the nine genera of Brachystomellidae currently known from Australia, their morphology is compared, their distribution within and outside Australia is noted and the high diversity of genera in southern regions emphasised. Three Australian genera are endemic, five are also found in South America, South Africa and/or New Zealand and one has a cosmopolitan distribution. The distribution, ecology and habitat preferences of Australian genera are compared. Two genera, Cassagnella Najt & Massoud and Rapoportella Ellis & Bellinger, are newly diagnosed and additions to the description of C. anomala Womersley are given. Australian Cassagnella species appear restricted to southern, humid regions and C. anomala possesses some characters that indicate it is adapted to living in habitats that are periodically flooded. A new species, Rapoportella edwardi sp. n. is described in the rarer genus from drier eucalypt forests. The effect of agricultural practices on an introduced species of Brachystomella is noted and its indicator value emphasised. Possible threats to the endemic genera and species are noted.
Synonymy of Katianna coeruleocephala Handschin, 1920 (Collembola: Katiannidae) with Bourletiella viridescens (Bourletiellidae)
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Zootaxa Vol. 4066, no. 1 (2016), p. 78-80
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- Description: Katianna coeruleocephala was described by Handschin in 1920 from Poespo, Java. It was collected in December, 1896 by Dr. Zehntner with the collecting details given as rotten "Louv" (leaves?) from live orchard. Handschin (1920) labelled his figures of the species (p. 146) as Katianna coerulescephala but the first spelling of the species name (p. 145) has priority. Katianna coeruleocephala has never been recollected. The only mention of the species in the literature since 1920 has been by Suhardjono (1989) in a check list for Indonesia and Suhardjono (2012) who listed it as present on Java and provided the main characteristics of the genus Katianna Börner, 1923. She stated it was a "new" (translate as endemic?) species in Java with a preferred habitat in cold and damp litter but no comment was made on the taxonomic status of the Indonesian species. There has previously been some doubt over both the original generic and family designation given by Handschin in 1920 for the species by both Yoshii (pers. comm.) and Murphy (pers. comm.) who believed it was "likely to belong to the family Bourletiellidae". They did not examine the holotype but based their comments on Handschin's (1920) figure of the mucro which shows it having fairly broad and smooth inner and outer lamellae (Fig. 5). The genus Katianna always has one, the inner, lateral lamella, distinctly toothed. The holotype and single specimen from the Basle Museum of Natural History has been examined and the results are reported here. Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press.
Collembola and other ground living invertebrates from Pungalina-Seven Emu Wildlife Sanctuary, Northern Territory
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Pungalina Wetlands Scientific Study Report (Geography Monograph Series No. 14) Chapter 1 p. 11-30
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- Description: Collembola and other invertebrates were collected using a number of methods from three main locations in the Pungalina–Seven Emu survey area between 09 July and 21 July 2012. Specimens were identified to Order except for Collembola which were identified to species or morphospecies. Most invertebrates collected belong to highly dispersive taxa such as Diptera, Hemiptera and Coleoptera. Invertebrates were collected from two caves in the survey area; in the caves invertebrates were fairly abundant and species rich and included new species. Thirty-three collembolan species were collected, a third of which were found only on sites protected from fire such as rocky outcrops and creek banks. Symphypleona genera such as Corynephoria, Prorastriopes and Temeritas, normally abundant on native grasses and in leaf litter of forests and woodlands of the dry/wet savannah tropics were totally absent. It is suggested that the increased frequency of planned burns in the region are the cause.
Collembola in Southland beech litter and soil
- Authors: Phillips, Craig , Brown, Samuel , Greenslade, Penelope , Reay, Stephen , Allen, Robert , Easdale, Tomás , Dickie, Ian
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: New Zealand Entomologist Vol. 38, no. 2 (2015), p. 79-87
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Collembola were sampled from litter and soil in two regrowth Lophozonia menziesii (silver beech) forests situated 25 km apart in Southland, New Zealand, as part of a larger study investigating the ecological effects of selective timber harvesting. Over 2000 specimens were collected, representing three orders, 10 families, ≥ 20 genera and ≥ 23 species. Seventeen taxa were morphologically identified at least to genus. Sequencing within the barcode region of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene provided diagnostic sequences for many of the taxa, which will assist future identifications. Species belonging to the genera Quatacanthella Salmon and Spinotheca Stach, which are rarely collected in New Zealand, were present in the samples, as was the introduced species Hypogastrura purpurescens (Lubbock). The genus Vitronura Yosii is recorded in New Zealand for the first time. © 2015 AgResearch Ltd.
New records of springtails in New Zealand pasture: how well are our pastoral invertebrates known?
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope , Boyer, Stéphane , Wratten , Steve
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research Vol. 56, no. 2 (2013), p. 93-101
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Twenty-four collembolan species are recorded from improved pastures and clovers in New Zealand, of which 17 can be named to species or probable species, the others only to genus. Of the 17 named species, nine have been recorded before from New Zealand but the other eight are new records for the country. All named species are considered as introduced to New Zealand, probably originally from Europe and are unlikely to colonise native habitats. As all named species reported as new records can be abundant at times, this indicates poor knowledge of a major part of New Zealand's agricultural fauna. Collembola are a group of important microarthropod detritivores that make a significant contribution to ecosystem services. The absence so far of quantification of the contribution this and other soil groups make to ecological resilience and function is a serious problem.
Evidence for the likely extinction of an endemic south Australian springtail, 'Temeritas regalis' (Symphypleona: Sminthuridae)
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: South Australian naturalist Vol. 93, no. 2 (2019), p. 103-110
- Full Text: false
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- Description: 'Temeritas regalis' (Womersley, 1939) was formerly common in the Mt Lofty Ranges extending from as far north as Alligator Gorge/Mt Remarkable/Wirrabara in the Southern Flinders to Myponga, 60 km south of Adelaide. The species is a South Australian endemic and belongs to a pantropical wide genus. It was collected several times in the 1930's and fourteen times in the 1970's but it has not been seen since 1978. In spite of collecting efforts from its typical habitat in the Mt Lofty Ranges and Southern Flinders Ranges and at Mt Bold on 21 occasions in the last 20 years, no further specimens have been found. It appears that populations have shrunk in size or may have disappeared altogether since the 1980s due to a number of factors mainly: climate change, drought, habitat alteration and/or expansion of invasive plants, invertebrates and 'Phytophthora'. Consequently, it is suggested that the apparent population decrease and possible local extinctions are real and, as a result, this species complies with the IUCN criteria A1 and B, and should be listed as endangered under the South Australian legislation.