Translation and psychometric testing of a decision-making scale
- Authors: Huang, Chongmei , Plummer, Virginia , Lam, Louisa , Cross, Wendy
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Vol. 27, no. 5 (2020), p. 533-542
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- Description: What is known about shared decision-making?: There is increasing investigation of shared decision-making in mental health services. Exploration of shared decision-making and relevant instrument is scant in China. What this paper adds to existing knowledge?: In this study, the Clinical Decision-making Involvement and Satisfaction (CDIS) was translated into Chinese and validated with patients and mental health professionals. The Chinese version of the CDIS is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring perception of involvement and satisfaction with treatment decision for schizophrenia. What are the implications for practice?: Mental health nurses could use the CDIS patient-rated and health professional-rated versions to compare their perceptions of the decision-making process. Abstract: Introduction There is growing interest in shared decision-making in Chinese mental health services. However, few specific instruments are available to measure decision-making satisfaction and involvement. Aim To translate and validate Clinical Decision-making Involvement and Satisfaction (CDIS) in a Chinese population. Methods The translation process was completed based on the Brislin translation method. Convenience sampling of 505 participants including 212 people diagnosed with schizophrenia and 293 mental health professionals for psychometric testing (e.g., content and construct validity, and test-retest reliability). Results The CDIS Chinese version has good internal consistency and temporal stability. Factor analysis determined two factors including satisfaction and involvement subscales, explaining 60.08% of the total variance. The Cronbach's α was 0.70, and the intraclass correlation coefficient ranged from 0.83 to 0.89. The composite reliability value was 0.85, and the average variance extracted was 0.50. Critical Ratio values ranged from 5.28 to 17.95, and item-total correlation values ranged from 0.48 to 0.75. Discussion The CDIS Chinese version is a feasible and reliable instrument. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
- Description: Chongmei Huang is supported by a China Scholarship Council (Res: [2017] 3109).
Differential associations of hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, and depressive symptoms with cognitive dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea
- Authors: Alomri, Ridwan , Kennedy, Gerard , Wali, Siraj , Ahejaili, Faris , Robinson, Stephen
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Sleep Vol. 44, no. 4 (2021), p.
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- Description: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by recurrent episodes of partial or complete cessation of breathing during sleep and increased effort to breathe. This study examined patients who underwent overnight polysomnographic studies in a major sleep laboratory in Saudi Arabia. The study aimed to determine the extent to which intermittent hypoxia, sleep disruption, and depressive symptoms are independently associated with cognitive impairments in OSA. In the sample of 90 participants, 14 had no OSA, 30 mild OSA, 23 moderate OSA, and 23 severe OSA. The findings revealed that hypoxia and sleep fragmentation are independently associated with impairments of sustained attention and reaction time (RT). Sleep fragmentation, but not hypoxia, was independently associated with impairments in visuospatial deficits. Depressive symptoms were independently associated with impairments in the domains of sustained attention, RT, visuospatial ability, and semantic and episodic autobiographical memories. Since the depressive symptoms are independent of hypoxia and sleep fragmentation, effective reversal of cognitive impairment in OSA may require treatment interventions that target each of these factors. © Sleep Research Society 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Sleep Research Society. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.
Feasibility of brief distress screening for family caregivers of adults diagnosed with schizophrenia in Changsha, Hunan, China
- Authors: Guan, Ziyao , Cross, Wendy , Lam, Louisa , Wiley, James , Sun, Mei , Bai, Xiaoling , Tang, Siyuan
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Vol. 28, no. 2 (2021), p. 174-185
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- Description: What is known on the subject? Distress screening amongst FGs is emphasized in worldwide studies, but existing general tools were found time-consuming and sometimes inconvenient when using them amongst FGs of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. The DT, a single-item scale, was widely used to detect distress amongst FGs of cancer patients, showing good reliability, validity and discrimination power. The 21-item Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS21) can identify distress in the general population and serve as a criterion to determine an optimal cut-off score of the DT. What does the paper add to existing knowledge?: The DT presented good reliability, validity and discriminatory power amongst FGs of adults diagnosed with schizophrenia. A cut-off score of six maximized sensitivity (77%) and specificity (76%). Over half of the FGs of adults diagnosed with schizophrenia reached this cut-off score and experienced significant distress. Distress was higher in FGs of male patients, when FGs were parents, and for FGs whose educational background was primary school or below. What are the implications for practice?: The DT is an effective alternative to existing instruments in identifying distressed FGs of adults diagnosed with schizophrenia. It is important to provide FGs with distress screening programmes and interventions (e.g. skill-building psychoeducation) to identify and relieve distress. In addition, future research could explore brief measures to simultaneously recognize potential negative and positive impacts of caregiving in FGs. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Feasibility of modifying the hospital environment to reduce the length of amnesia after traumatic brain injury : a pilot randomized controlled trial
- Authors: Lannin, Natasha , Galea, Claire , Coulter, Megan , Gruen, Russell , Jolliffe, Laura , Ownsworth, Tamara , Schmidt, Julia , Unsworth, Carolyn
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care Vol. 33, no. 1 (2021), p.
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- Description: BACKGROUND: Reorientation programmes have been an important component of neurotrauma rehabilitation for adults who suffer from post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) after traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, research testing the efficacy of acute programmes is limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine if it is feasible to provide a standardized environmental reorientation programme to adults suffering from PTA after TBI in an acute care hospital setting, and whether it is likely to be beneficial. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial with concealed allocation and intention-to-treat analysis. A total of 40 participants suffering from PTA after TBI were included. The control group received usual care; the experimental group received usual care plus a standardized orientation programme inclusive of environmental cues. The primary outcome measure was time to emergence from PTA measured by the Westmead PTA Scale, assessed daily from hospital admission or on regaining consciousness. RESULTS: Adherence to the orientation programme was high, and there were no study-related adverse responses to the environmental orientation programme. Although there were no statistically significant between-group differences in time to emergence, the median time to emergence was shorter for those who received the standardized reorientation programme (9.0 (6.4-11.6) versus 13.0 (4.5-21.5) days). Multivariate analysis showed that the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at scene (P = 0.041) and GCS at arrival at hospital (P = 0.0001) were significant factors contributing to the longer length of PTA. CONCLUSION: Providing an orientation programme in acute care is feasible for adults suffering from PTA after TBI. A future efficacy trial would require 216 participants to detect a between-group difference of 5 days with an alpha of 0.05 and a power of 80%. © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Society for Quality in Health Care. All rights reserved.
- Description: BACKGROUND: Reorientation programmes have been an important component of neurotrauma rehabilitation for adults who suffer from post-traumatic amnesia (PTA) after traumatic brain injury (TBI); however, research testing the efficacy of acute programmes is limited. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine if it is feasible to provide a standardized environmental reorientation programme to adults suffering from PTA after TBI in an acute care hospital setting, and whether it is likely to be beneficial. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled trial with concealed allocation and intention-to-treat analysis. A total of 40 participants suffering from PTA after TBI were included. The control group received usual care; the experimental group received usual care plus a standardized orientation programme inclusive of environmental cues. The primary outcome measure was time to emergence from PTA measured by the Westmead PTA Scale, assessed daily from hospital admission or on regaining consciousness. RESULTS: Adherence to the orientation programme was high, and there were no study-related adverse responses to the environmental orientation programme. Although there were no statistically significant between-group differences in time to emergence, the median time to emergence was shorter for those who received the standardized reorientation programme (9.0 (6.4-11.6) versus 13.0 (4.5-21.5) days). Multivariate analysis showed that the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at scene (P = 0.041) and GCS at arrival at hospital (P = 0.0001) were significant factors contributing to the longer length of PTA. CONCLUSION: Providing an orientation programme in acute care is feasible for adults suffering from PTA after TBI. A future efficacy trial would require 216 participants to detect a between-group difference of 5 days with an alpha of 0.05 and a power of 80%. © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of International Society for Quality in Health Care. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Reducing health inequities for asylum seekers with chronic non-communicable diseases : Australian context
- Authors: Nkhoma, Gloria , Lim, Chiao , Kennedy, Gerard , Stupans, Leva
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Primary Health Vol. 27, no. 2 (2021), p. 130-135
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- Description: Asylum seekers are susceptible to chronic non-communicable diseases pre- and post-arrival due to poor living conditions, unhealthy lifestyles and restrictive and poor access to health services. Despite their need for constant and continuous health care access due to poor health, they face healthcare services access restrictions dependent on their visa conditions in Australia. Some visas only allow access to hospital services with restrictions on primary health services access such as GPs and free or discounted pharmaceutical products. In comparison, disadvantaged host populations have access to free/discounted pharmaceutical products and unrestricted access to primary and secondary health care. Ten professionals who constantly engage with asylum seekers in three large asylum seeker centres in Melbourne were interviewed either face-to-face or over the phone. The interviews were essential to understand how health inequities may be addressed for asylum seekers. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using a thematic analysis framework. Their recommendations, based mainly on their experience and evaluation of programs, were: (1) cultural competence training (2) use of interpreters (3) free access to health services and medications (4) use of English learning to promote health literacy and community integration (5) robust chronic non-communicable diseases screening and (6) health promotion and accessible food programs. © 2021 La Trobe University.
The relationships between self-compassion, rumination, and depressive symptoms among older adults : the moderating role of gender
- Authors: Hodgetts, Jessica , McLaren, Suzanne , Bice, Bridget , Trezise, Alexandra
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Aging and Mental Health Vol. 25, no. 12 (2021), p. 2337-2346
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- Description: Objectives: Depression is a significant mental health issue for older adults. Rumination is a key risk factor for depressive symptoms, and self-compassion is a protective factor. The aim of the current study was to test the processes by which self-compassion might act as a protective factor among older adults by investigating a mediation model, and whether the model is conditional on gender. It was hypothesised that self-compassion and its six components (self-kindness, common humanity, mindfulness, self-judgement, isolation, and over-identification) would be indirectly associated with depressive symptoms via rumination. Method: A sample of 135 older Australian women and 106 older Australian men aged between 65 and 89 years completed the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire, and the Self-Compassion Scale. Results: Results supported the mediation models for self-compassion for both men and women, however, support for the models involving the individual components of self-compassion varied according to gender. The mediation effects were stronger for women than men. Conclusion: Interventions aimed at increasing self-compassion might have benefits for older adults. Future research investigating whether tailoring interventions according to gender of participants is efficacious is needed. © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.