George Augustus Robinson : His value as a resource for place names research
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Victorian Historical Journal Vol. 76, no. 2 (2005), p. 165-179
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- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001172
Sustainable water management in tourism accommodation
- Authors: Lehmann, La Vergne , Clark, Ian
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: The 5th World Conference for Graduate Research in Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure
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From inns to hotels : The evolution of public houses in Colonial Victoria
- Authors: O'Mahony, Barry , Clark, Ian
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management Vol. 25, no. 2 (2013), p. 172-186
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- Description: Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine travellers' experiences with public houses in Colonial Victoria, to determine how the hospitality industry in the colony was transformed from primitive hospitality provision to sophisticated, well managed hotels in a relatively short time. Design/methodology/approach: The article reviews public records, newspapers of the period, eye-witness accounts and key texts to chart the development of the hospitality industry in Colonial Victoria and to demonstrate how primitive inns became modern hotels within the space of three decades. Findings: This paper highlights how the discovery of gold in 1851 prompted an unprecedented influx of travellers whose expectations of hospitality provision led to the transformation of existing hostelries from crude and primitive inns to modern, sophisticated hotels. Research limitations/implications: The research is confined to Colonial Victoria and therefore, not necessarily a reflection of the colonies in general or general trends in hospitality provision at that time. Practical implications: Tracing the roots of hospitality provision and the traditions of hospitality management can provide a greater understanding of modern hospitality practice. As O'Gorman argues "[...] with historical literature contributing to informing industry practices today and tomorrow: awareness of the past always helps to guide the future". Originality/value: This paper adds to the body of knowledge in relation to the roots and evolution of commercial hospitality. © Emerald Group Publishing Limited.
- Description: 2003010821
Koalas – agents for change : a case study from regional Victoria
- Authors: Schlagloth, Rolf , Golding, Barry , Kentish, Barry , McGinnis, Gabrielle , Clark, Ian , Cadman, Tim , Cahir, David (Fred) , Santamaria, Flavia
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Sustainability Education Vol. 26, no. (2022), p.
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- Description: We investigated the success of the Koala Conservation and Education Program conducted in Ballarat, Victoria, Australia from 2000-2009 by interviewing 28 individuals, from various stakeholder groups involved in the project. Transcripts were analysed using grounded theory to identify common themes, keywords and phrases. We conclude that the chosen ‘flagship’ species, the koala, was crucial for the success of the project which culminated in the adoption of the Koala Plan of Management and habitat overlays into the City of Ballarat’s planning scheme. Local people were concerned about the koala based on its conservation status nationally and globally rather than because of its local or Victorian status. We conclude that the concept of 'flagship' species in the case of the koala, is more a global than a local construct.
A Bend in the Yarra : A History of the Merri Creek Protectorate Station and Merri Creek Aboriginal School 1841-1851
- Authors: Clark, Ian , Heydon, Toby
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Book
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- Description: A1
- Description: 2003000768
'You have all this place, no good have children……' Derrimut : Traitor, saviour, or a man of his people?
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society Vol. 91, no. pt.2 (2005), p. 107-132
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- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001043
Antecedent force : The Port Phillip Aboriginal protectorate domestic European constabulary 1840-1843
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Victorian Historical Journal Vol. 76, no. 1 (2005), p. 68-82
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- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001173
Value of Victorian Aboriginal clan names for toponymic research
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: The Globe Vol. 57, no. (2005), p. 13-16
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- Description: This paper discusses the value of clan name research as a means of uncovering Aboriginal place names. It argues that clan names are able to provide a layer of place names that in some instances is the only source of information available to researchers of indigenous toponymy. They are an important data set that is useful in the mapping of Aboriginal spatial organization.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001174
The northern Wathawurrung and Andrew Porteous, 1860-1877
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Aboriginal History Vol. 32, no. (2008), p. 97-108
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- Description: The operation of the Central Board and the Board for the Protection of Aborigines in Victoria has been studied by Marcard, Penney and Clark. There are numerous studies of particular stations and reserves that existed during the operation of the Board; for example, Lake Condah, Framlingham, Ebenezer and Coranderrk. A third tier of study relates to particular individuals and, though these studies are not expressly concerned with their responsibilities as 'Honorary Correspondents' to the Board, they nevertheless discuss relationships with Aborigines. This paper adds to these studies by concentrating on one of those correspondents, Andrew Porteous
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003006899
Sleeping with strangers : Hospitality in colonial Victoria
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of hospitality and tourism management Vol. 13, no. 1 (2006), p. 1-9
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- Description: The purpose of this article is to describe and document the nascent state of hospitality in colonial Victoria from the 1830s until the gold rushes of 1850s. The primary source of such an account is the personal journal of a public servant, George Augustus Robinson, the Chief Protector of the Port Phillip Aboriginal Protectorate Department, perhaps the European with the most experience of travelling throughout the Port Phillip District. Accounts from other contemporary sources are used to complement Robinson's observations.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001793
The ebb and flow of tourism at Lal Lal Falls, Victoria : A tourism history of a sacred Aboriginal site
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2002
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Aboriginal Studies Vol. 2002, no. 2 (2002), p. 45-53
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- Description: The Lal Lal Falls, situated within the traditional country of the Wathawurrung people, is one of Victoria's most significant Indigenous cultural sites, as it is one of several recorded living sites of Bundjil--the Kulin peoples' creator spirit. Lal Lal Falls, near Ballarat in Western Victoria, became a tourism attraction for non-Indigenous Australians for its natural and cultural values.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000228
Reconstruction of Aboriginal microtoponymy in western and central Victoria : Case studies from Tower Hill, the Hopkins River, and Lake Boga
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Aboriginal placenames naming and re-naming the Australian landscape Chapter 8 p. 207-221
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- Description: 2003007122
‘An edifying spectacle’ : A history of ‘tourist corroborees’ in Victoria, Australia, 1835–1870
- Authors: Cahir, David (Fred) , Clark, Ian
- Date: 2009
- Type: Journal article
- Relation: Tourism Management Vol.31, no.3 (2010), p. 412-420
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- Description: Parsons [Parsons, M. (2002). “Ah that I could convey a proper idea of this interesting wild play of the natives” corroborees and the rise of indigenous Australian cultural tourism. Australian Aboriginal Studies, 2(1), 14–27.] has persuasively argued that nineteenth century corroborees performed for non-indigenous audiences may be considered to be Australia's pre-eminent prototypical indigenous cultural tourism product. This paper extends Parsons' [Parsons, M. (1997). The tourist corroboree in South Australia. Aboriginal History, 21(1), 46–69; Parsons, M. (2002). “Ah that I could convey a proper idea of this interesting wild play of the natives” corroborees and the rise of indigenous Australian cultural tourism. Australian Aboriginal Studies, 2(1), 14–27.] analyses of ‘tourist corroborees’ in nineteenth century South Australia to corroborees staged in Victoria during the pastoral period and the gold rushes of the 1850–1870s. It argues that an Aboriginal-grown ‘business acumen’ developed rapidly in the economic climate of the Victorian goldfields. It also provides a historical context to this commodification.
The case of Peter Mungett : Born out of the allegiance of the Queen, belonging to a sovereign and independent tribe of Ballan
- Authors: Cahir, David (Fred) , Clark, Ian
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Provenance : The Journal of Public Record Office Victoria Vol. 8, no. (2009), p.15-34
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- Description: This paper is concerned with the jurisdiction of the British colonial criminal law over Indigenous Australians, particularly in the area of serious offences such as murder and rape. In particular, the paper examines the attempted use in the 1860 case of Regina v Peter of the legal demurrer that the accused Aboriginal man was not subject to the jurisdiction of the court because he was not born a British subject and had never entered into allegiance to the British Queen. The paper also discusses some of the difficulties which the legal authorities found in dealing with this issue, even as late as 1860. The issue of the amenability to British law was a significant one in the early colonial period; it then largely disappeared from serious public consideration but has resurfaced since the 1980s in the context of land rights, native title, and the status of Aboriginal customary law.
- Description: 2003007342
Aboriginal people, gold, tourism : The benefits of inclusiveness for goldfields tourism in regional Victoria
- Authors: Clark, Ian , Cahir, David (Fred)
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Tourism, Culture & Communication Vol. 4, no. 3 (2003), p. 123-136
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- Description: In the 1960s Australian historians were criticized for being the ``high priests'' of a cult of forgetfulness, for neglecting Aboriginal history, and for excluding a whole quadrant of the landscape from their research. In this article, the authors argue that the same criticisms may be leveled at the interpretation of goldfields history. Taking the Goldfields Tourism Region in western Victoria as their focus, the authors show the richness of the Aboriginal side of the goldfields story, and show that their exclusion from this story is not due to a lack of material. On the contrary, the barriers that exclude Aboriginal experiences from goldfields tourism are based on the perception and choice of tourism agencies and managers. The practice of history of the Sovereign Hill Museums Association in Ballarat serves as a case study for this article. The authors argue that the heritage industry has a responsibility to ensure that Aboriginal experiences are not excluded from their interpretation. Just as the writing of mainstream history had for many years dispossessed Aboriginal peoples and kept them out of sight, and out of mind, it is time for the historiography of gold to reappraise its ideology and find a balance that no longer excludes Aboriginal themes that have a legitimate place in goldfields history. There are several ways that Sovereign Hill may present indigenous perspectives as it interprets the history of gold mining in Ballarat and Victoria from 1850. More information can be made available, by such means as a series of publications ranging from books to Web pages and activity sheets for children. Interpretive displays focusing on the specificity of Aboriginal people and gold, centered around the themes reviewed in this article, could be constructed. Aboriginal guides could interpret this rich heritage for visitors to the museum. Aboriginal people were present on the Ballarat goldfields, and elsewhere, in many capacities, as Native Police, as miners, guides, and gold finders, as wives and sexual partners, as farmers and entrepreneurs trading cultural items and food, and as local residents going about their everyday lives, staging corroborees and other forms of interaction with other inhabitants. Many of these interactions could be ``activated'' by Aboriginal people; for example, there is scope for activation of the corroborees staged in Ballarat in the 1850s, of the Aboriginal encounter of the traveling musical troupe as witnessed by Antoine Fauchery, of the trade between Aboriginal people and miners, and of the critical role played by the Aboriginal Native Police in maintaining law and order in Ballarat and other goldfields in the early 1850s.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000614
'A peep at the Blacks' : A history of tourism at Coranderrk Aboriginal Station, 1863-1924
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Book
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- Description: This book is concerned with the history of tourism at the Coranderrk Aboriginal Station at Healesville, northeast of Melbourne, which functioned as a government reserve from 1863 until its closure in 1924. At Coranderrk, Aboriginal mission interests and tourism intersected and the station became a ‘showplace’ of Aboriginal culture and the government policy of assimilation. The Aboriginal residents responded to tourist interest by staging cultural performances that involved boomerang throwing and traditional ways of lighting fires and by manufacturing and selling traditional artifacts. Whenever government policy impacted adversely on the Aboriginal community, the residents of Coranderrk took advantage of the opportunities offered to them by tourism to advance their political and cultural interests. This was particularly evident in the 1910s and 1920s when government policy moved to close the station.
Naming sites : Names as management tools in indigenous tourism sites - An Australian case study
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Tourism Management Vol. 30, no. 1 (2009), p. 109-111
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- Description: This paper considers the naming history of indigenous rock art sites in the Grampians-Gariwerd National Park in southwest Victoria, Australia. These sites are found to present management problems because many of the names are dysfunctional, and fail as information markers. Rather than contribute to the creation of positive atmosphere and sacralization, many site names have contributed to site vandalism, disfigurement of signage and negative word of mouth promotion. The function of site naming and their role in place making is reconsidered from the insights of leading theorists in attraction systems such as MacCannell, Gunn, and Leiper. Naming, it is argued, is a very important management tool in the protection and promotion of rock art tourism. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Description: 2003007359
Rock art sites in Victoria, Australia : A management history framework
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2002
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Tourism Management Vol. 23, no. 5 (2002), p. 455-464
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- Description: A recent examination of the management histories of a select number of rock art sites in the Grampians-Gariwerd National Park in southwest Victoria, Australia, has found that management decisions, research, and site interventions were often taking place in ignorance of what had gone before. Heritage site management is often conducted in an ad hoc manner with limited understanding of past planning and management. A framework for understanding the management history of indigenous rock art sites is presented. With some modification the framework could be applied to other indigenous cultural sites. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Description: 2003000229
An analysis of challenges to the authenticity of rock art sites in the Gariwerd (Grampians) region of Victoria, Australia
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Rock Art Research Vol. 22, no. 2 (2005), p. 141-145
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- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001170
The convincing ground, Portland Bay, Victoria, Australia: An exploration of the controversy surrounding its onomastic history
- Authors: Clark, Ian
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Names Vol. 62, no. 1 (2014), p. 3-12
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- Description: This paper presents the results of a case study into the historiography of the Convincing Ground toponym at Portland Bay, Victoria, Australia. This study shows that research by Connor (2005a) into the usage of the phrase "convincing ground" in nineteenth-century Australia is superficial, and his preference for one explanation of the origin of the Convincing Ground toponym that relates to intra-whaler conflict resolution is superficial and inadequate. This analysis supports the alternative narrative that the toponym has its origin in a dispute between whalers and Aborigines over possession of a beached whale. Furthermore, Connor failed to consider the possibility that the phrase "convincing ground" is polysemous, which means that we should not expect to find a singular homogenous explanation or application in the literature. He also failed to discuss the real possibility that the Convincing Ground may also be a onomastic palimpsest and that both the Aboriginal-whaler dispute narrative and the intra-whaler dispute narrative may be legitimate explanations relevant at particular moments in the place's history. © American Name Society 2014.