Effect of comorbidity on relative survival following hospitalisation for fall-related hip fracture in older people
- Authors: Hindmarsh, Diane , Loh, Ming , Finch, Caroline , Hayen, Andrew , Close, Jacqueline
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australasian Journal on Ageing Vol. 33, no. 3 (2012), p. E1-E7
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565900
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: To assess the effect of comorbidity on relative survival after hip fracture.
Air temperature and the incidence of fall-related hip fracture hospitalisations in older people
- Authors: Turner, R. M. , Hayen, Andrew , Dunsmuir, William , Finch, Caroline
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Osteoporosis International Vol. 22, no. 4 (2011), p. 1183-1189
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565900
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- Description: Observation-driven Poisson regression models were used to investigate mean daily air temperature and fall-related hip fracture hospitalisations. After adjustment for season, day-of-week effects, long-term trend and autocorrelation, hip fracture rates are higher in both males and females aged 75+ years when there is a lower air temperature. This study investigated whether there was an association between fall-related hip fracture hospitalisations and air temperature at a day-to-day level, after accounting for seasonal trend and autocorrelation. Observation-driven Poisson regression models were used to investigate mean daily air temperature and fall-related hip fracture hospitalisations for the period 1 July 1998 to 31 December 2004, inclusive, in the Sydney region of New South Wales, Australia, which has a population of 4 million people. Lower daily air temperature was significantly associated with higher fall-related hip fracture hospitalisations in 75+-year-olds: men aged 75-84 years, rate ratio (RR) for a 1A degrees C increase in temperature of 0.98 with 95% confidence interval (0.96, 0.99), men 85+ years RR = 0.98 (0.96, 1.00), women 75-84 years RR = 0.99 (0.98, 1.00), women 85+ years RR = 0.98 (0.97, 0.99). Moreover, there were fewer hospitalisations on weekends compared to weekdays ranging from RR = 0.81 (0.73, 0.90) in women aged 65-74 years to RR = 0.89 (0.80, 0.98) in men aged 85+ years. After adjustment for season, day-of-week effects, long-term trend and autocorrelation, fall-related hip fracture hospitalisation rates are higher in both males and females aged 75+ years when there is a lower air temperature.
Fielders and batters are injured too : A prospective cohort study of injuries in junior club cricket
- Authors: Finch, Caroline , White, Peta , Dennis, Rebecca , Twomey, Dara , Hayen, Andrew
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 13, no. 5 (2010), p. 489-495
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565900
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Internationally, there is a lack of good quality, prospectively collected injury data reported for junior club cricketers. This study describes injury rates according to age level of play and playing positions in junior community-level club cricketers to identify priorities for prevention. A prospective cohort study was used to monitor injuries in 88 under 12 years (U12), 203 U14 and 120 U16 players from the Ballarat Junior Cricket Association, Australia over the 2007/2008 playing season. Injury rates were calculated per 1000 participations when batting, bowling or fielding in matches and training sessions. Injury rate ratios were used to compare rates across age levels of play and position of play. Overall, 47 injuries were reported. Injury rates increased with age level of play with only one U12 player injured. Match injury rates were 3.57 per 1000 U14 participations versus 4.80 per 1000 U16 participations. Training injury rates were 4.20 per 1000 U14 participations versus 5.11 per 1000 U16 participations. On a proportionate basis, injuries occurred equally to fielders, batters and bowlers. There was a trend towards more injuries occurring while batting and fielding in matches, and more injuries occurring while bowling and batting during training sessions. In conclusion, injury rates in junior cricket players are low, but increase with age level of play. Unlike adult forms of the game, injuries occur to fielders and batters at least as frequently as to bowlers, indicating that preventive strategies need to be developed for all junior players and not just bowlers, as has been the focus previously. © 2009 Sports Medicine Australia.
- Description: 2003008120
Relative benefits of population-level interventions targeting restraint-use in child car passengers
- Authors: Du, Wei , Finch, Caroline , Hayen, Andrew , Bilston, Lynne , Brown, Julie , Hatfield, Julie
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Pediatrics Vol. 125, no. 2 (2010), p. 304-312
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565900
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- Description: Objectives: Because public health resources for injury prevention are limited, methods for comparing competing strategies are needed. We aimed to estimate potential injury reductions for 4 population-level interventions that target restraint practices for child car passengers aged 0 to 12 years. Methods: Population-attributable risk fraction (parf) is a populationlevel estimate of excess risk from exposure to a risk factor. Parfs were calculated for each intervention scenario by using published age-specific mortality/injury relative-risk estimates; restraint practices among injured child car passengers from police-collected data; and observational data for correctness of restraint use in new south wales, australia. Parf reductions were estimated for population uptakes of 25%, 50%, and 75%. Results: Assuming a 50% population uptake, (1) promoting ageappropriate restraint use could prevent additional fatalities (5.1%, infants; 3.4%, 1- To 6-year-olds) and nonfatal injuries (3.2%, infants; 16.2%, 1- To 6-year-olds) compared with promoting any restraint use; (2) further encouraging correct age-appropriate restraint use could also prevent additional fatalities (9.1%, infants; 14.3%, 1- To 6-year-olds) and nonfatal injuries (9.2%, infants; 10.7%, 1- To 6-year-olds); and (3) for children aged 7 to 12 years, promoting correct use of restraints could prevent an additional 3.4% fatalities and 3.1% nonfatal injuries compared with promoting any restraint use. Conclusions: Interventions that target child passenger-restraint practices offer population-level benefits in terms of reduction in fatalities and injuries. These tangible benefits call for action internationally, not only to promote restraint use but correct age-appropriate restraint use for child car passengers. Copyright © 2010 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.
Statistics used in effect studies
- Authors: Hayen, Andrew , Finch, Caroline
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Book chapter
- Relation: Sports injury research Chapter Part 5 : Evaluating the efficacy and effectiveness of preventive measures p. 183-196
- Full Text: false
Geographic mapping as a tool for identifying communities at high risk of fire and burn injuries in children
- Authors: Poulos, Roslyn , Hayen, Andrew , Chong, Shanley , Finch, Caroline
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Burns Vol. 35, no. 3 (2009), p. 417-424
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565900
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Burns are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Although industrialized countries have achieved significant declines in deaths and hospitalizations for these injuries in recent decades, the benefits have not been shared equally by children across all socioeconomic groups. We used Bayesian methods to map posterior expected relative risks, as an estimate of smoothed hospital separation ratios for fire and burns in children, across local government areas in New South Wales, Australia. The geographic pattern of relative risk varied by age group; higher than average risks were observed for children residing in rural and remote areas, as well as in scattered local government areas closer to the coast and in some metropolitan regions. Mapping the occurrence of injury gives injury practitioners the opportunity to identify high risk communities for further investigation of risk factors and implementation of targeted interventions within a defined area. Crown Copyright © 2008.
Spatial temporal modeling of hospitalizations for fall-related hip fractures in older people
- Authors: Turner, R. M. , Hayen, Andrew , Dunsmuir, William , Finch, Caroline
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Osteoporosis International Vol. , no. (2009), p. 1-7
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565900
- Full Text:
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- Description: Summary: The study determined the spatial temporal characteristics of fall-related hip fractures in the elderly using routinely collected injury hospitalization and sociodemographic data. There was significant spatial temporal variation in hospitalized hip fracture rates in New South Wales, Australia. Introduction: The study determined the spatial temporal characteristics of fall-related hip fractures in the elderly using routinely collected injury hospitalization data. Methods: All New South Wales (NSW), Australia residents aged 65+ years who were hospitalized for a fall-related hip fracture between 1 July 1998 and 30 June 2004 were included. Bayesian Poisson regression was used to model rates in local government areas (LGAs), allowing for the incorporation of spatial, temporal, and covariate effects. Results: Hip fracture rates were significantly decreasing in one LGA, and there were no significant increases in any LGAs. The proportion of the population in residential aged care facilities was significantly associated with the rate of hospitalized hip fractures with a relative risk (RR) of 1.003 (95% credible interval 1.002, 1.004). Socioeconomic status was also related to hospitalized hip fractures with those in the third and fourth quintiles being at decreased risk of hip fracture compared to those in the least disadvantaged (fifth) quintile [RR = 0.837 (0.717, 0.972) and RR = 0.855 (0.743, 0.989) respectively]. Conclusions: There was significant spatial temporal variation in hospitalized hip fracture rates in NSW, Australia. The use of Bayesian methods was crucial to allow for spatial correlation, covariate effects, and LGA boundary changes. © 2009 International Osteoporosis Foundation and National Osteoporosis Foundation.
- Description: 2003008191
Association between different restraint use and rear-seated child passenger fatalities a matched cohort study
- Authors: Du, Wei , Hayen, Andrew , Bilston, Lynne , Hatfield, Julie , Finch, Caroline , Brown, Julie
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine Vol. 162, no. 11 (Nov 2008), p. 1085-1089
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- Description: Objective: To investigate the association between restraint use and death in rear-seated child passengers and to examine whether the estimated association varies by restraint type and age. Design: Matched cohort study. Setting: All reported crashed passenger vehicles with at least 2 rear-seated child passengers of whom at least 1 died from the US Fatality Analysis Reporting System for 1998 to 2006. Participants: Rear-seated child passengers aged 2 to 6 years. Interventions: Three models of restraint use: (1) no restraint use, any restraint use; (2) no restraint use, recorded improper restraint use (including improper use of seat belts or child restraints, use of shoulder-only seat belts, and use of an unknown type of restraint), any other restraint use; and (3) no restraint use, improper restraint use, seat belts, and child restraints. Main Outcome Measure: Death within 30 days of a crash. Results: Compared with no restraint use, being restrained reduced the risk of death in rear-seated child passengers (relative risk [RR], 0.33; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22-0.49). Compared with improper restraint use, any other restraint use reduced the risk of death (RR, 0.46; 95% CI, 0.20-0.63). The RR of death for using child restraints compared with seat belts was 0.91 (95% CI, 0.57-1.14). Child restraints performed slightly better in fatality risk reduction in children aged 2 to 3 years (RR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.09-0.33) than in children aged 4 to 6 years (RR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.11-0.44) compared with traveling unrestrained. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the protective effects of restraints for child passengers and highlights the importance of using restraints correctly.
Comparison of methods to correct the miscounting of multiple episodes of care when estimating the incidence of hospitalised injury in child motor vehicle passengers
- Authors: Du, Wei , Hayen, Andrew , Finch, Caroline , Hatfield, Julie
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Accident Analysis and Prevention Vol. 40, no. 4 (2008), p. 1563-1568
- Full Text:
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- Description: This study evaluates the performance of different case selection criteria to account for multiple episodes of care when estimating the hospitalisation rate due to road trauma amongst children. The internally linked NSW Inpatient Statistics Collection (ISC) dataset for the period between 1st July, 2000 and 30th June, 2003 was used to identify the "single" episode of care for each hospitalised child motor vehicle passenger residing in NSW. We used two hospitalised injury definitions of a case based on (1) all-diagnoses and (2) principal diagnosis only. We then developed case selection criteria, based on (a) linkage methods only available from linked ISC datasets; (b) selected variables available in both the linked and unlinked ISC datasets, to exclude repeat episodes of care for an injury. Changes in the estimated hospitalisation rate, and sensitivity and specificity, were calculated for each selection criteria compared to the findings from linkage methods as the "gold standard". None of the correction methods for multiple episodes of care was clearly superior in terms of incidence estimation, sensitivity, and specificity concurrently. However, the correction criterion which is optimal may vary depending on different study objectives and different types of hospitalised injuries. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
How comparable are road traffic crash cases in hospital admissions data and police records? An examination of data linkage rates
- Authors: Lujic, Sanja , Finch, Caroline , Boufous, Soufiane , Hayen, Andrew , Dunsmuir, William
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian And New Zealand Journal Of Public Health Vol. 32, no. 1 (2008), p. 28-33
- Relation: Open Access
- Full Text: false
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- Description: OBJECTIVES: An assessment of linked data was used to investigate the scope and the extent to which hospitalisations data and police crash records represent road crashes in New South Wales (NSW). METHODS: Hospital separation records for the period 1 July 2000 to 30 June 2001, inclusive, were linked to police crash casualty records for the same period using probabilistic record linkage techniques. Multivariable logistic regression techniques were used to identify factors independently associated with the probability of record linkage. RESULTS: Of 17,552 road transport-related hospital records, 45.1% matched to police crash casualty records. When the analysis was restricted to road traffic crashes, 69.2% of the 9,178 records had a matching police crash casualty record. Multivariable analysis found the most significant factors contributing to the likelihood of linkage to be road user type, payment status and principal diagnosis of injury variables. Motor vehicle controllers, cases entitled to financial compensation and cases with a principal diagnosis of injury were significantly more likely to be linked than all other cases. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that researchers and policy makers should be cautious when examining traffic crashes based on a separate analysis of the hospitalisations data and police crash records. This is particularly true for crashes involving pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists, and those resulting in less severe injuries. IMPLICATIONS: The findings have implications for use of both police crash records and hospital records in informing the development of strategies designed to prevent road trauma in the community.
- Description: 2003006566
Relative survival after hospitalisation for hip fracture in older people in New South Wales, Australia
- Authors: Hindmarsh, Diane , Hayen, Andrew , Finch, Caroline , Close, Jacqueline
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Osteoporosis International Vol. , no. (2008), p. 1-9
- Full Text:
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- Description: Summary: Survival after hospitalisation for hip fracture by age group and sex relative to survival in the general population was assessed in people aged 65+. Men had double the risk of death compared with women to 1 year, but age effects lasted only to 3 months. Clinical outcomes need to be improved. Introduction: We assessed the relative survival of hospitalised fall-related hip fracture patients aged 65+ years leaving hospital in New South Wales, Australia, between July 2000 and December 2003. Method: We carried out a population-based study of all hospital separations for NSW residents with a principal diagnosis of hip fracture (ICD-10-AM S72.0 to S72.2) and first external cause of fall (ICD-10-AM codes W00 to W19), linked to NSW death data. A total of 16,836 cases were included. Relative survival 3 to 36 months post-admission by 10-year age groups and sex was calculated, using NSW life tables for 2002-2004. Relative excess risk was modelled using a generalised linear model with Poisson error structure, using the life table data. Results: One-year cumulative relative survival in 65- to 74-year-olds was 82% (men), 90% (women); in 85+-year-olds 65% (men), 80% (women). Men have a relative excess risk of death of 2.2 (95% CI 2.03-2.38) times that of women. Only 21% of deaths mention the hip fracture as contributing to death. Conclusion: There is a need to reduce the number of hip fractures and improve clinical outcomes for older people hospitalised with hip fractures. © 2008 International Osteoporosis Foundation and National Osteoporosis Foundation.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003008189
The impact of environmental, vehicle and driver characteristics on injury severity in older drivers hospitalized as a result of a traffic crash
- Authors: Boufous, Soufiane , Finch, Caroline , Hayen, Andrew , Williamson, Ann
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Safety Research Vol. 39, no. 1 (2008), p. 65-72
- Full Text:
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- Description: Introduction: Compared to younger age groups, older people are more likely to be seriously injured or to die as a result of a traffic crash. Method: The aim of the study is to examine the impact of environmental, vehicle, crash, and driver characteristics on injury severity in older drivers involved in traffic crashes by using recently linked police crash records and hospitalization data from New South Wales, Australia. The severity of injury resulting from traffic crashes was measured using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD-10) Injury Severity Score (ICISS). Results: Multivariate analysis identified rurality, presence of complex intersections, road speed limit, driver error, speeding, and seat belt use as independent predictors of injury severity in older people. The type of intersection configuration explained over half of the observed variations in injury severity. Impact on Industry: Environmental modification such as intersection treatments might contribute to a decrease in the severity of injury in older people involved in road crashes.
- Description: 2003006544
Area socioeconomic status and childhood injury morbidity in New South Wales, Australia
- Authors: Poulos, Roslyn , Hayen, Andrew , Finch, Caroline , Zwi, Anthony
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Injury Prevention Vol. 13, no. 5 (Oct 2007), p. 322-327
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: To explore the relationship between child injury morbidity and socioeconomic status. Design: A cross-sectional analysis of routinely collected hospital separation data for unintentional injury for the period 1999/2000-2004/2005. Setting: All statistical local areas of New South Wales (NSW), Australia Subjects: 110 549 unintentional injury-related hospital separations for NSW children aged 0-14 years. Main outcome measure: Adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for hospital separations for unintentional injury (for all injury and by individual injury mechanisms) by quintile of socioeconomic disadvantage for children aged 0-14 years. Results: There was no clear relationship between socioeconomic status and injury when all injury mechanisms were combined. However, children in the more disadvantaged quintiles were more likely to be hospitalized than children in the least disadvantaged quintile for the following injury mechanisms: motor cycle ( point estimates for IRRs across the socioeconomic status quintiles ranged from 2.95 to 4.02 relative to the least disadvantaged quintile), motor-vehicle occupant (IRR range 1.33-2.27), pedestrian (IRR range 1.43-2.54 for ages 0-4 years), pedal cyclist ( IRR range 1.30-1.50), fire and burns ( IRR range 1.37-2.00), and poisoning (IRR range 1.32-1.91). Similarly, hospital separation rates for foreign body, other transport, and pedestrian (aged 5-9 years) injuries were also greater, but the differences were not statistically significant across all quintiles. These injury mechanisms accounted for about 25% of the hospital separations. Conclusions: The relationship between relative socioeconomic disadvantage and injury risk in NSW children is strongest for transport-related injuries, fires and burns, and poisoning. Interventions that address these specific injury mechanisms may help to reduce the disparity between high and lower socioeconomic groups.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003005883
Determining the intra- and inter-observer reliability of screening tools used in sports injury research
- Authors: Hayen, Andrew , Dennis, Rebecca , Finch, Caroline
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 10, no. 4 (2007), p. 201-210
- Full Text:
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- Description: Sports injury etiological studies explore the relationships between potential injury risk factors and injury outcomes. The ability of such studies to clearly identify intrinsic risk factors for sports injury depends on the accuracy of their measurement. Measurements need to be reproducible over time and repeatable by different observers, as well as within a given individual. The importance of the reliability of pre-participation screening protocols and other clinical assessment tools has been identified in a number of published studies. However, a review of these studies indicates that a variety of statistical techniques have been used to calculate intra- and inter-observer reliability. While the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) is the most often cited measure, a range of statistical approaches to estimating ICCs have been used. It is therefore difficult to determine which statistical method is most appropriate in the context of measuring intrinsic risk factors in sports injury research. This paper summarises a statistical method for the concurrent assessment of intra- and inter-observer reliability and presents an argument for why this approach should be adopted by sports injury researchers using screening protocols that collect continuous data.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003005882
Differences in injury rates in child motor vehicle passengers in rural and urban areas in New South Wales, July 2000 to June 2004
- Authors: Du, Wei , Finch, Caroline , Hayen, Andrew , Hatfield, Julie
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health Vol. 31, no. 5 (2007), p. 483-488
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: To investigate whether the pattern of hospitalised injuries in injured child motor vehicle passengers involved in traffic crashes differs in rural and urban residents of New South Wales (NSW). Methods: This study compared injuries of hospitalised child motor vehicle passengers resident in rural areas with those from urban areas. The NSW Inpatient Statistics Collection (ISC), a population-based dataset, was used to select cases for the period of July 2000 to June 2004. The hospitalised injury rate was calculated according to urban/rural status using Poisson regression, injury rate ratios (IRR) comparing rural and urban children were computed overall and for specific injury types. Results: Overall, 1,286 children (aged 0-15 years) residing in NSW were identified from the NSW ISC internally linked datasets as being separated from hospital for injuries resulting from a motor vehicle crash. The overall hospitalised injury incidence rates for child motor vehicle passengers resident in rural and urban NSW areas were 46.75 (95% CI 36.63-59.66) and 20.13 (95% CI 17.94-22.58) per 100,000 children respectively. The rural/urban IRR for comparing the incidence of hospitalisation was significantly elevated (IRR=2.10, 95% CI 1.78-2.48).The IRR was also significantly elevated across most injury types. The largest risk disparity between rural and urban children was in 9-12 year-olds (IRR=2.33, 95% CI 1.73-3.13). Conclusion and Implications: There is an elevated injury incidence rate in rural resident children, compared with their urban counterparts. This differential should be addressed in future road safety initiatives. © 2007 The Authors. Journal Compilation © 2007 Public Health Association of Australia.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003005762
Trends in hospitalisation rates for road traffic injuries in child motor vehicle passengers in New South Wales, July 1998 June 2005
- Authors: Du, Wei , Finch, Caroline , Hayen, Andrew , Hatfield, Julie
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Medical Journal of Australia Vol. 187, no. 9 (Nov 2007), p. 515-518
- Full Text:
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- Description: Objective: To analyse changes in the incidence of injuries requiring hospitalisation for child passengers in motor vehicle crashes. Design, setting and participants: Population-based study of children (aged 0-15 years) residing in New South Wales and admitted to hospital for injuries resulting from a traffic crash in the period 1 July 1998 - 30 June 2005, identified from the NSW Inpatient Statistics Collection. Main outcome measures: Age-standardised rates of hospitalisation for injuries, and trends by inpatient demographics, severity of injuries, and injury sites and types. Results: 2297 children were hospitalised for injuries sustained in a motor vehicle crash over the study period. The overall hospitalisation rate for injuries was relatively constant, with a non-significant decline of -0.4% (95% Cl, -3.1% to 2.3%). The rate of hospitalisation for serious injuries also declined non-significantly (-5.5% [95% Cl, -11.8% to 1.1%]). Only hospitalisation rates for traumatic brain injuries declined significantly (-11.1% [95% Cl, -19.0% to -2.8%]) over the study period. Conclusion: The rate of hospitalisation for injuries to NSW-resident child motor vehicle passengers due to traffic crashes has not significantly decreased. High hospitalisation rates and the subsequent burden to the community and public health system make further injury prevention efforts for child motor vehicle passengers a priority.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003005874