Spatial, temporal, and demographic patterns in prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Reitsma, Marissa, Kendrick, Parkes, Ababneh, Emad, Abbafati, Cristiana, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Authors: Reitsma, Marissa , Kendrick, Parkes , Ababneh, Emad , Abbafati, Cristiana , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: The Lancet Vol. 397, no. 10292 (2021), p. 2337-2360
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- Description: Background: Ending the global tobacco epidemic is a defining challenge in global health. Timely and comprehensive estimates of the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden are needed to guide tobacco control efforts nationally and globally. Methods: We estimated the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden for 204 countries and territories, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2019 as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. We modelled multiple smoking-related indicators from 3625 nationally representative surveys. We completed systematic reviews and did Bayesian meta-regressions for 36 causally linked health outcomes to estimate non-linear dose-response risk curves for current and former smokers. We used a direct estimation approach to estimate attributable burden, providing more comprehensive estimates of the health effects of smoking than previously available. Findings: Globally in 2019, 1·14 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1·13–1·16) individuals were current smokers, who consumed 7·41 trillion (7·11–7·74) cigarette-equivalents of tobacco in 2019. Although prevalence of smoking had decreased significantly since 1990 among both males (27·5% [26·5–28·5] reduction) and females (37·7% [35·4–39·9] reduction) aged 15 years and older, population growth has led to a significant increase in the total number of smokers from 0·99 billion (0·98–1·00) in 1990. Globally in 2019, smoking tobacco use accounted for 7·69 million (7·16–8·20) deaths and 200 million (185–214) disability-adjusted life-years, and was the leading risk factor for death among males (20·2% [19·3–21·1] of male deaths). 6·68 million [86·9%] of 7·69 million deaths attributable to smoking tobacco use were among current smokers. Interpretation: In the absence of intervention, the annual toll of 7·69 million deaths and 200 million disability-adjusted life-years attributable to smoking will increase over the coming decades. Substantial progress in reducing the prevalence of smoking tobacco use has been observed in countries from all regions and at all stages of development, but a large implementation gap remains for tobacco control. Countries have a clear and urgent opportunity to pass strong, evidence-based policies to accelerate reductions in the prevalence of smoking and reap massive health benefits for their citizens. Funding: Bloomberg Philanthropies and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Aziz Rahman" is provided in this record**
- Authors: Reitsma, Marissa , Kendrick, Parkes , Ababneh, Emad , Abbafati, Cristiana , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: The Lancet Vol. 397, no. 10292 (2021), p. 2337-2360
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Ending the global tobacco epidemic is a defining challenge in global health. Timely and comprehensive estimates of the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden are needed to guide tobacco control efforts nationally and globally. Methods: We estimated the prevalence of smoking tobacco use and attributable disease burden for 204 countries and territories, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2019 as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study. We modelled multiple smoking-related indicators from 3625 nationally representative surveys. We completed systematic reviews and did Bayesian meta-regressions for 36 causally linked health outcomes to estimate non-linear dose-response risk curves for current and former smokers. We used a direct estimation approach to estimate attributable burden, providing more comprehensive estimates of the health effects of smoking than previously available. Findings: Globally in 2019, 1·14 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1·13–1·16) individuals were current smokers, who consumed 7·41 trillion (7·11–7·74) cigarette-equivalents of tobacco in 2019. Although prevalence of smoking had decreased significantly since 1990 among both males (27·5% [26·5–28·5] reduction) and females (37·7% [35·4–39·9] reduction) aged 15 years and older, population growth has led to a significant increase in the total number of smokers from 0·99 billion (0·98–1·00) in 1990. Globally in 2019, smoking tobacco use accounted for 7·69 million (7·16–8·20) deaths and 200 million (185–214) disability-adjusted life-years, and was the leading risk factor for death among males (20·2% [19·3–21·1] of male deaths). 6·68 million [86·9%] of 7·69 million deaths attributable to smoking tobacco use were among current smokers. Interpretation: In the absence of intervention, the annual toll of 7·69 million deaths and 200 million disability-adjusted life-years attributable to smoking will increase over the coming decades. Substantial progress in reducing the prevalence of smoking tobacco use has been observed in countries from all regions and at all stages of development, but a large implementation gap remains for tobacco control. Countries have a clear and urgent opportunity to pass strong, evidence-based policies to accelerate reductions in the prevalence of smoking and reap massive health benefits for their citizens. Funding: Bloomberg Philanthropies and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Aziz Rahman" is provided in this record**
Coping strategies and burden dimensions of family caregivers for people diagnosed with obsessive–compulsive disorder
- El-Slamon, Marwa, Al-Moteri, Modi, Plummer, Virginia, Alkarani, Ahmed, Ahmed, Mona
- Authors: El-Slamon, Marwa , Al-Moteri, Modi , Plummer, Virginia , Alkarani, Ahmed , Ahmed, Mona
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Healthcare (Switzerland) Vol. 10, no. 3 (2022), p.
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- Description: (1) Background: Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic mental disorder that can be a source of emotional, financial and/or social burden for family caregivers. Few studies have investigated family caregiving for patients diagnosed with OCD in relation to the coping strategies being used from a theoretical perspective. This study evaluated the burden and coping strategies of family caregivers for people diagnosed with OCD. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which 123 participants diagnosed with OCD and their caregivers were surveyed using three types of scales: obsessive–compulsive scale; coping scale; and burden scale. (3) Results: Of the participants with OCD and their caregivers, 53% and 31% were male and 47% and 69% were female, respectively. Around 80% of the OCD patients were considered young and their age ranged from 20–40 years old. Forty percent of caregivers in the current study reported a high burden level. The caregivers of those who had severe OCD symptoms had a lower coping level compared to the caregivers of those with less severe symptoms and those urban caregivers were able to better cope than rural caregivers. There was an association between OCD symptom severity and financial, work-related, social and family relationships, mental and health burdens for family caregivers. Meanwhile, the greater coping level of family caregivers, the lesser social and family, mental, and spouse relationship burden (p < 0.05); (4) Conclusions: The family caregivers of people diagnosed with OCD have specific aspects of burden and coping which require support by designing strategic interventions for family caregiver coping. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Authors: El-Slamon, Marwa , Al-Moteri, Modi , Plummer, Virginia , Alkarani, Ahmed , Ahmed, Mona
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Healthcare (Switzerland) Vol. 10, no. 3 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: (1) Background: Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a chronic mental disorder that can be a source of emotional, financial and/or social burden for family caregivers. Few studies have investigated family caregiving for patients diagnosed with OCD in relation to the coping strategies being used from a theoretical perspective. This study evaluated the burden and coping strategies of family caregivers for people diagnosed with OCD. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, in which 123 participants diagnosed with OCD and their caregivers were surveyed using three types of scales: obsessive–compulsive scale; coping scale; and burden scale. (3) Results: Of the participants with OCD and their caregivers, 53% and 31% were male and 47% and 69% were female, respectively. Around 80% of the OCD patients were considered young and their age ranged from 20–40 years old. Forty percent of caregivers in the current study reported a high burden level. The caregivers of those who had severe OCD symptoms had a lower coping level compared to the caregivers of those with less severe symptoms and those urban caregivers were able to better cope than rural caregivers. There was an association between OCD symptom severity and financial, work-related, social and family relationships, mental and health burdens for family caregivers. Meanwhile, the greater coping level of family caregivers, the lesser social and family, mental, and spouse relationship burden (p < 0.05); (4) Conclusions: The family caregivers of people diagnosed with OCD have specific aspects of burden and coping which require support by designing strategic interventions for family caregiver coping. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Association between symptoms and severity of disease in hospitalised novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) patients : a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Talukder, Ashis, Razu, Shaharior, Alif, Sheikh, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Islam, Sheikh
- Authors: Talukder, Ashis , Razu, Shaharior , Alif, Sheikh , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz , Islam, Sheikh
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare Vol. 15, no. (2022), p. 1101-1110
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- Description: Background: Symptoms of the novel coronavirus disease (COVD-19) are well known, although asymptomatic cases were also reported due to this rapidly evolving viral disease. However, there has been limited research with inconsistent findings on symptoms of COVID-19 and disease severity. We aimed to evaluate the association between symptoms and severity of disease in adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 by performing a meta-analysis. Methods: We conducted this study by searching four online databases (Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane library) of published studies that included symptoms of COVID-19 cases and severity of the disease between January 1, 2020, and October 31, 2021. PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines were followed, and only articles published in English were selected. We performed meta-analysis using Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model. Note that we included peer-reviewed studies conducted in Wuhan and published in the English language that reported the clinical characteristics of COVID-19, particularly the symptoms of novel coronavirus patients with their prevalence and distribution of patients based on the severity of the disease. Results: Out of 255 articles identified, a total of twenty articles, including 5390 participants, met the inclusion criteria and were included. Among the participants, 2997 (55.60%) were males, and 974 (18.07%) reported severe conditions. Fever was the most commonly reported symptom in the reported COVID-19 confirmed cases (88.47%, 95% CI: 80.74–93.35%), which was followed by cough, fatigue, and less proportionally dyspnea and myalgia. Dyspnea was the only symptom, which was associated with severity of COVID-19 (OR 2.43, 95% CI: 1.52–3.89). Conclusion: Dyspnoea was found to be associated with severity of COVID-19. People with existing respiratory illnesses, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases need to be careful about the onset of such symptom and should seek medical attention. © 2022 Talukder et al.
- Authors: Talukder, Ashis , Razu, Shaharior , Alif, Sheikh , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz , Islam, Sheikh
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare Vol. 15, no. (2022), p. 1101-1110
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Symptoms of the novel coronavirus disease (COVD-19) are well known, although asymptomatic cases were also reported due to this rapidly evolving viral disease. However, there has been limited research with inconsistent findings on symptoms of COVID-19 and disease severity. We aimed to evaluate the association between symptoms and severity of disease in adult patients with confirmed COVID-19 by performing a meta-analysis. Methods: We conducted this study by searching four online databases (Medline, Web of Science, EMBASE and Cochrane library) of published studies that included symptoms of COVID-19 cases and severity of the disease between January 1, 2020, and October 31, 2021. PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines were followed, and only articles published in English were selected. We performed meta-analysis using Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model. Note that we included peer-reviewed studies conducted in Wuhan and published in the English language that reported the clinical characteristics of COVID-19, particularly the symptoms of novel coronavirus patients with their prevalence and distribution of patients based on the severity of the disease. Results: Out of 255 articles identified, a total of twenty articles, including 5390 participants, met the inclusion criteria and were included. Among the participants, 2997 (55.60%) were males, and 974 (18.07%) reported severe conditions. Fever was the most commonly reported symptom in the reported COVID-19 confirmed cases (88.47%, 95% CI: 80.74–93.35%), which was followed by cough, fatigue, and less proportionally dyspnea and myalgia. Dyspnea was the only symptom, which was associated with severity of COVID-19 (OR 2.43, 95% CI: 1.52–3.89). Conclusion: Dyspnoea was found to be associated with severity of COVID-19. People with existing respiratory illnesses, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases need to be careful about the onset of such symptom and should seek medical attention. © 2022 Talukder et al.
Defining timeliness in care for patients with lung cancer : a scoping review
- Ansar, Adnan, Lewis, Virginia, McDonald, Christine, Liu, Chaojie, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Authors: Ansar, Adnan , Lewis, Virginia , McDonald, Christine , Liu, Chaojie , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: BMJ Open Vol. 12, no. 4 (2022), p.
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- Description: Objectives Early diagnosis and reducing the time taken to achieve each step of lung cancer care is essential. This scoping review aimed to examine time points and intervals used to measure timeliness and to critically assess how they are defined by existing studies of the care seeking pathway for lung cancer. Methods This scoping review was guided by the methodological framework for scoping reviews by Arksey and O'Malley. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO electronic databases were searched for articles published between 1999 and 2019. After duplicate removal, all publications went through title and abstract screening followed by full text review and inclusion of articles in the review against the selection criteria. A narrative synthesis describes the time points, intervals and measurement guidelines used by the included articles. Results A total of 2113 articles were identified from the initial search. Finally, 68 articles were included for data charting process. Eight time points and 14 intervals were identified as the most common events researched by the articles. Eighteen different lung cancer care guidelines were used to benchmark intervals in the included articles; all were developed in Western countries. The British Thoracic Society guideline was the most frequently used guideline (20%). Western guidelines were used by the studies in Asian countries despite differences in the health system structure. Conclusion This review identified substantial variations in definitions of some of the intervals used to describe timeliness of care for lung cancer. The differences in healthcare delivery systems of Asian and Western countries, and between high-income countries and low-income-middle-income countries may suggest different sets of time points and intervals need to be developed. ©
- Authors: Ansar, Adnan , Lewis, Virginia , McDonald, Christine , Liu, Chaojie , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: BMJ Open Vol. 12, no. 4 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives Early diagnosis and reducing the time taken to achieve each step of lung cancer care is essential. This scoping review aimed to examine time points and intervals used to measure timeliness and to critically assess how they are defined by existing studies of the care seeking pathway for lung cancer. Methods This scoping review was guided by the methodological framework for scoping reviews by Arksey and O'Malley. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO electronic databases were searched for articles published between 1999 and 2019. After duplicate removal, all publications went through title and abstract screening followed by full text review and inclusion of articles in the review against the selection criteria. A narrative synthesis describes the time points, intervals and measurement guidelines used by the included articles. Results A total of 2113 articles were identified from the initial search. Finally, 68 articles were included for data charting process. Eight time points and 14 intervals were identified as the most common events researched by the articles. Eighteen different lung cancer care guidelines were used to benchmark intervals in the included articles; all were developed in Western countries. The British Thoracic Society guideline was the most frequently used guideline (20%). Western guidelines were used by the studies in Asian countries despite differences in the health system structure. Conclusion This review identified substantial variations in definitions of some of the intervals used to describe timeliness of care for lung cancer. The differences in healthcare delivery systems of Asian and Western countries, and between high-income countries and low-income-middle-income countries may suggest different sets of time points and intervals need to be developed. ©
Diet and exercise advice and referrals for cancer survivors : an integrative review of medical and nursing perspectives
- Joseph, Ria, Hart, Nicolas, Bradford, Natalie, Agbejule, Oluwaseyifunmi, Koczwara, Bogda, Chan, Alexandre, Wallen, Matthew, Chan, Raymond
- Authors: Joseph, Ria , Hart, Nicolas , Bradford, Natalie , Agbejule, Oluwaseyifunmi , Koczwara, Bogda , Chan, Alexandre , Wallen, Matthew , Chan, Raymond
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Supportive Care in Cancer Vol. 30, no. 10 (2022), p. 8429-8439
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- Description: Purpose: To examine the perspectives of medical and nursing health professionals concerning their roles and responsibilities in providing dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors, and referrals to allied health professionals. Methods: An integrative review. PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science databases, and bibliographies of relevant studies were searched from December 2011 to June 2021. All studies were eligible for inclusion. The Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to critically appraise included studies. Data were extracted and synthesised regarding the perspectives of medical and nursing health professionals on their roles, responsibilities, barriers, and facilitators. Results: Twenty-one studies involving 3401 medical and nursing health professionals and 264 cancer survivors of diverse cancer types were included. Ten quantitative, nine qualitative, and two mixed-methods studies were eligible. All included studies met at least 80% of the quality criteria in the MMAT. Major findings include the following: (1) medical and nursing health professionals were unclear on their roles in providing dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors but agreed they play a key role in referrals to dietitians and exercise professionals; (2) most cancer survivors valued the involvement of their general practitioner when receiving dietary and exercise advice. Conclusion: Although medical and nursing health professionals understand that referrals to allied health professionals form part of their role, there is a lack of clarity regarding their roles to provide dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors. Future studies should address barriers and facilitators of dietary and exercise advice and referral by medical and nursing health professionals. © 2022, Crown.
- Authors: Joseph, Ria , Hart, Nicolas , Bradford, Natalie , Agbejule, Oluwaseyifunmi , Koczwara, Bogda , Chan, Alexandre , Wallen, Matthew , Chan, Raymond
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Supportive Care in Cancer Vol. 30, no. 10 (2022), p. 8429-8439
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Purpose: To examine the perspectives of medical and nursing health professionals concerning their roles and responsibilities in providing dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors, and referrals to allied health professionals. Methods: An integrative review. PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science databases, and bibliographies of relevant studies were searched from December 2011 to June 2021. All studies were eligible for inclusion. The Mixed-Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) was used to critically appraise included studies. Data were extracted and synthesised regarding the perspectives of medical and nursing health professionals on their roles, responsibilities, barriers, and facilitators. Results: Twenty-one studies involving 3401 medical and nursing health professionals and 264 cancer survivors of diverse cancer types were included. Ten quantitative, nine qualitative, and two mixed-methods studies were eligible. All included studies met at least 80% of the quality criteria in the MMAT. Major findings include the following: (1) medical and nursing health professionals were unclear on their roles in providing dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors but agreed they play a key role in referrals to dietitians and exercise professionals; (2) most cancer survivors valued the involvement of their general practitioner when receiving dietary and exercise advice. Conclusion: Although medical and nursing health professionals understand that referrals to allied health professionals form part of their role, there is a lack of clarity regarding their roles to provide dietary and exercise advice to cancer survivors. Future studies should address barriers and facilitators of dietary and exercise advice and referral by medical and nursing health professionals. © 2022, Crown.
Neglected tropical diseases in Australia : a narrative review
- Kurcheid, Johanna, Gordon, Catherine, Clarke, Naomi, Wangdi, Kinley, Kelly, Matthew, Lal, Aparna, Mutombo, Polydor, Wang, Dongxu, Mationg, Mary, Clements, Archie, Muhi, Stephen, Bradbury, Richard, Biggs, Beverley-Ann, Page, Wendy, Williams, Gail, McManus, Donald, Gray, Darren
- Authors: Kurcheid, Johanna , Gordon, Catherine , Clarke, Naomi , Wangdi, Kinley , Kelly, Matthew , Lal, Aparna , Mutombo, Polydor , Wang, Dongxu , Mationg, Mary , Clements, Archie , Muhi, Stephen , Bradbury, Richard , Biggs, Beverley-Ann , Page, Wendy , Williams, Gail , McManus, Donald , Gray, Darren
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Medical Journal of Australia Vol. 216, no. 10 (2022), p. 532-538
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) represent a threat to the health, wellbeing and economic prosperity of billions of people worldwide, often causing serious disease or death. •Commonly considered diseases of low and middle-income nations, the presence of NTDs in high income countries such as Australia is often overlooked. •Seven of the 20 recognised NTDs are endemic in Australia: scabies, soil-transmitted helminths and strongyloidiasis, echinococcosis, Buruli ulcer, leprosy, trachoma, and snakebite envenoming. •Dengue, while not currently endemic, poses a risk of establishment in Australia. There are occasional outbreaks of dengue fever, with local transmission, due to introductions in travellers from endemic regions. •Similarly, the risk of introduction of other NTDs from neighbouring countries is a concern. Many NTDs are only seen in Australia in individuals travelling from endemic areas, but they need to be recognised in health settings as the potential consequences of infection can be severe. •In this review, we consider the status of NTDs in Australia, explore the risk of introducing and contracting these infections, and emphasise the negative impact they have on the health of Australians, especially Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. © 2022 AMPCo Pty Ltd.
A fully automated self-help biopsychosocial transdiagnostic digital intervention to reduce anxiety and/or depression and improve emotional regulation and well-being: pre-follow-up single-arm feasibility trial
- Klein, Britt, Nguyen, Huy, McLaren, Suzanne, Andrews, Brooke, Shandley, Kerrie
- Authors: Klein, Britt , Nguyen, Huy , McLaren, Suzanne , Andrews, Brooke , Shandley, Kerrie
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: JMIR Formative Research Vol. 7, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Anxiety disorders and depression are prevalent disorders with high comorbidity, leading to greater chronicity and severity of symptoms. Given the accessibility to treatment issues, more evaluation is needed to assess the potential benefits of fully automated self-help transdiagnostic digital interventions. Innovating beyond the current transdiagnostic one-size-fits-all shared mechanistic approach may also lead to further improvements. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to explore the preliminary effectiveness and acceptability of a new fully automated self-help biopsychosocial transdiagnostic digital intervention (Life Flex) aimed at treating anxiety and/or depression, as well as improving emotional regulation; emotional, social, and psychological well-being; optimism; and health-related quality of life. Methods: This was a real-world pre-during-post-follow-up feasibility trial design evaluation of Life Flex. Participants were assessed at the preintervention time point (week 0), during intervention (weeks 3 and 5), at the postintervention time point (week 8), and at 1- and 3-month follow-ups (weeks 12 and 20, respectively). Results: The results provided early support for the Life Flex program in reducing anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9), psychological distress (Kessler 6), and emotional dysregulation (Difficulties in Emotional Regulation 36) and increasing emotional, social, and psychological well-being (Mental Health Continuum-Short Form); optimism (Revised Life Orientation Test); and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-3L Utility Index and Health Rating; all false discovery rate [FDR] < .001). Large within-group treatment effect sizes (range |d|=0.82 to 1.33) were found for most variables from pre- to postintervention assessments and at the 1- and 3-month follow-up. The exceptions were medium treatment effect sizes for EQ-5D-3L Utility Index (range Cohen d=
- Authors: Klein, Britt , Nguyen, Huy , McLaren, Suzanne , Andrews, Brooke , Shandley, Kerrie
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: JMIR Formative Research Vol. 7, no. (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Anxiety disorders and depression are prevalent disorders with high comorbidity, leading to greater chronicity and severity of symptoms. Given the accessibility to treatment issues, more evaluation is needed to assess the potential benefits of fully automated self-help transdiagnostic digital interventions. Innovating beyond the current transdiagnostic one-size-fits-all shared mechanistic approach may also lead to further improvements. Objective: The primary objective of this study was to explore the preliminary effectiveness and acceptability of a new fully automated self-help biopsychosocial transdiagnostic digital intervention (Life Flex) aimed at treating anxiety and/or depression, as well as improving emotional regulation; emotional, social, and psychological well-being; optimism; and health-related quality of life. Methods: This was a real-world pre-during-post-follow-up feasibility trial design evaluation of Life Flex. Participants were assessed at the preintervention time point (week 0), during intervention (weeks 3 and 5), at the postintervention time point (week 8), and at 1- and 3-month follow-ups (weeks 12 and 20, respectively). Results: The results provided early support for the Life Flex program in reducing anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7), depression (Patient Health Questionnaire 9), psychological distress (Kessler 6), and emotional dysregulation (Difficulties in Emotional Regulation 36) and increasing emotional, social, and psychological well-being (Mental Health Continuum-Short Form); optimism (Revised Life Orientation Test); and health-related quality of life (EQ-5D-3L Utility Index and Health Rating; all false discovery rate [FDR] < .001). Large within-group treatment effect sizes (range |d|=0.82 to 1.33) were found for most variables from pre- to postintervention assessments and at the 1- and 3-month follow-up. The exceptions were medium treatment effect sizes for EQ-5D-3L Utility Index (range Cohen d=
COVID-19 : factors associated with the psychological distress, fear and resilient coping strategies among community members in Saudi Arabia
- Alharbi, Talal, Alqurashi, Alaa, Mahmud, Ilias, Alharbi, Rayan, Islam, Sheikh, Almustanyir, Sami, Maklad, Ahmed, AlSarraj, Ahmad, Mughaiss, Lujain, Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar, Ahmed, Ahmed, Barry, Mazin, Ghozy, Sherief, Alabdan, Lulwah, Alif, Sheikh, Sultana, Farhana, Salehin, Masudus, Banik, Biswajit, Cross, Wendy, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Authors: Alharbi, Talal , Alqurashi, Alaa , Mahmud, Ilias , Alharbi, Rayan , Islam, Sheikh , Almustanyir, Sami , Maklad, Ahmed , AlSarraj, Ahmad , Mughaiss, Lujain , Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar , Ahmed, Ahmed , Barry, Mazin , Ghozy, Sherief , Alabdan, Lulwah , Alif, Sheikh , Sultana, Farhana , Salehin, Masudus , Banik, Biswajit , Cross, Wendy , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Healthcare (Switzerland) Vol. 11, no. 8 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: (1) Background: COVID-19 caused the worst international public health crisis, accompanied by major global economic downturns and mass-scale job losses, which impacted the psychosocial wellbeing of the worldwide population, including Saudi Arabia. Evidence of the high-risk groups impacted by the pandemic has been non-existent in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study examined factors associated with psychosocial distress, fear of COVID-19 and coping strategies among the general population in Saudi Arabia. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthcare and community settings in the Saudi Arabia using an anonymous online questionnaire. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) were used to assess psychological distress, fear and coping strategies, respectively. Multivariate logistic regressions were used, and an Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) was reported. (3) Results: Among 803 participants, 70% (n = 556) were females, and the median age was 27 years; 35% (n = 278) were frontline or essential service workers; and 24% (n = 195) reported comorbid conditions including mental health illness. Of the respondents, 175 (21.8%) and 207 (25.8%) reported high and very high psychological distress, respectively. Factors associated with moderate to high levels of psychological distress were: youth, females, non-Saudi nationals, those experiencing a change in employment or a negative financial impact, having comorbidities, and current smoking. A high level of fear was reported by 89 participants (11.1%), and this was associated with being ex-smokers (3.72, 1.14–12.14, 0.029) and changes in employment (3.42, 1.91–6.11, 0.000). A high resilience was reported by 115 participants (14.3%), and 333 participants (41.5%) had medium resilience. Financial impact and contact with known/suspected cases (1.63, 1.12–2.38, 0.011) were associated with low, medium, to high resilient coping. (4) Conclusions: People in Saudi Arabia were at a higher risk of psychosocial distress along with medium-high resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, warranting urgent attention from healthcare providers and policymakers to provide specific mental health support strategies for their current wellbeing and to avoid a post-pandemic mental health crisis. © 2023 by the authors.
- Authors: Alharbi, Talal , Alqurashi, Alaa , Mahmud, Ilias , Alharbi, Rayan , Islam, Sheikh , Almustanyir, Sami , Maklad, Ahmed , AlSarraj, Ahmad , Mughaiss, Lujain , Al-Tawfiq, Jaffar , Ahmed, Ahmed , Barry, Mazin , Ghozy, Sherief , Alabdan, Lulwah , Alif, Sheikh , Sultana, Farhana , Salehin, Masudus , Banik, Biswajit , Cross, Wendy , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Healthcare (Switzerland) Vol. 11, no. 8 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: (1) Background: COVID-19 caused the worst international public health crisis, accompanied by major global economic downturns and mass-scale job losses, which impacted the psychosocial wellbeing of the worldwide population, including Saudi Arabia. Evidence of the high-risk groups impacted by the pandemic has been non-existent in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study examined factors associated with psychosocial distress, fear of COVID-19 and coping strategies among the general population in Saudi Arabia. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthcare and community settings in the Saudi Arabia using an anonymous online questionnaire. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) were used to assess psychological distress, fear and coping strategies, respectively. Multivariate logistic regressions were used, and an Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) was reported. (3) Results: Among 803 participants, 70% (n = 556) were females, and the median age was 27 years; 35% (n = 278) were frontline or essential service workers; and 24% (n = 195) reported comorbid conditions including mental health illness. Of the respondents, 175 (21.8%) and 207 (25.8%) reported high and very high psychological distress, respectively. Factors associated with moderate to high levels of psychological distress were: youth, females, non-Saudi nationals, those experiencing a change in employment or a negative financial impact, having comorbidities, and current smoking. A high level of fear was reported by 89 participants (11.1%), and this was associated with being ex-smokers (3.72, 1.14–12.14, 0.029) and changes in employment (3.42, 1.91–6.11, 0.000). A high resilience was reported by 115 participants (14.3%), and 333 participants (41.5%) had medium resilience. Financial impact and contact with known/suspected cases (1.63, 1.12–2.38, 0.011) were associated with low, medium, to high resilient coping. (4) Conclusions: People in Saudi Arabia were at a higher risk of psychosocial distress along with medium-high resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, warranting urgent attention from healthcare providers and policymakers to provide specific mental health support strategies for their current wellbeing and to avoid a post-pandemic mental health crisis. © 2023 by the authors.
Progress toward HIV elimination goals : trends in and projections of annual HIV testing and condom use in Africa
- Nguyen, Phuong, Gilmour, Stuart, Le, Phuong, Onishi, Kazunari, Kato, Kosuke, Nguyen, Huy
- Authors: Nguyen, Phuong , Gilmour, Stuart , Le, Phuong , Onishi, Kazunari , Kato, Kosuke , Nguyen, Huy
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: AIDS Vol. 35, no. 8 (2021), p. 1253-1262
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- Description: Objectives: To estimate trends in and projections of annual HIV testing and condom use at last higher-risk sex and to calculate the probability of reaching key United Nations Programme on AIDS (UNAIDS)'s target. Design: We included 114 nationally-representative datasets in 38 African countries from Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys with 1 456 224 sexually active adults age 15-49 from 2003 to 2018. Methods: We applied Bayesian mixed effect models to estimate the coverage of annual HIV testing and condom use at last higher-risk sex for every country and year to 2030 and the probability of reaching UNAIDS testing and condom use targets of 95% coverage by 2030. Results: Seven countries saw downward trends in annual HIV testing and four saw decreases in condom use at higher-risk sex, whereas most countries have upward trends in both indicators. The highest coverage of testing in 2030 is predicted in Swaziland with 92.6% (95% credible interval: 74.5-98.1%), Uganda with 90.5% (72.2-97.2%), and Lesotho with 90.5% (69.4%-97.6%). Meanwhile, Swaziland, Lesotho, and Namibia will have the highest proportion of condom use in 2030 at 85.0% (57.8-96.1%), 75.6% (42.3-93.6%), and 75.5% (42.4-93.2%). The probabilities of reaching targets were very low for both HIV testing (0-28.5%) and condom use (0-12.1%). Conclusions: We observed limited progress on annual HIV testing and condom use at last higher-risk sex in Africa and little prospect of reaching global targets for HIV/AIDS elimination. Although some funding agencies are considering withdrawal from supporting Africa, more attention to funding and expanding testing and treatment is needed in this region. © 2021 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
- Authors: Nguyen, Phuong , Gilmour, Stuart , Le, Phuong , Onishi, Kazunari , Kato, Kosuke , Nguyen, Huy
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: AIDS Vol. 35, no. 8 (2021), p. 1253-1262
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: To estimate trends in and projections of annual HIV testing and condom use at last higher-risk sex and to calculate the probability of reaching key United Nations Programme on AIDS (UNAIDS)'s target. Design: We included 114 nationally-representative datasets in 38 African countries from Demographic and Health Surveys and Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys with 1 456 224 sexually active adults age 15-49 from 2003 to 2018. Methods: We applied Bayesian mixed effect models to estimate the coverage of annual HIV testing and condom use at last higher-risk sex for every country and year to 2030 and the probability of reaching UNAIDS testing and condom use targets of 95% coverage by 2030. Results: Seven countries saw downward trends in annual HIV testing and four saw decreases in condom use at higher-risk sex, whereas most countries have upward trends in both indicators. The highest coverage of testing in 2030 is predicted in Swaziland with 92.6% (95% credible interval: 74.5-98.1%), Uganda with 90.5% (72.2-97.2%), and Lesotho with 90.5% (69.4%-97.6%). Meanwhile, Swaziland, Lesotho, and Namibia will have the highest proportion of condom use in 2030 at 85.0% (57.8-96.1%), 75.6% (42.3-93.6%), and 75.5% (42.4-93.2%). The probabilities of reaching targets were very low for both HIV testing (0-28.5%) and condom use (0-12.1%). Conclusions: We observed limited progress on annual HIV testing and condom use at last higher-risk sex in Africa and little prospect of reaching global targets for HIV/AIDS elimination. Although some funding agencies are considering withdrawal from supporting Africa, more attention to funding and expanding testing and treatment is needed in this region. © 2021 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.
Student-led pop-up health check clinics : innovative health prevention strategy for a low socioeconomic community
- Coombs, Nicole, Sewell, Lauren, Jackson, Megan, Borgelt, Kaye, Lee, Jessica, Porter, Joanne
- Authors: Coombs, Nicole , Sewell, Lauren , Jackson, Megan , Borgelt, Kaye , Lee, Jessica , Porter, Joanne
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Primary Health Vol. 29, no. 6 (2023), p. 606-612
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- Description: Background. To improve preventative health screening in regional Victoria, Australia, a collaborative student-led health prevention strategy was initiated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of four health check clinics using a free ‘pop-up’ format within community settings. Methods. A mixed methods, explanatory sequential design was used to explore community health data and participant experiences in utilising the free health check clinics. The clinics were delivered over 6 months and located in three different communities within the regional government area. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse participant health data and a thematic analysis was utilised to determine themes from participant feedback and health outcomes. Results. The clinics were attended by 188 community members, largely impacted by government lockdowns during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Health check results indicate the population is overweight and at high risk of diabetes. Participants enjoyed the free and convenient nature of the health check program and the location of the venues. Feedback from participants indicate the health education provided was useful and advocated for changes in current behaviours. Many embraced the new information and community connections and made changes to improve their future health. Others claimed to enjoy the clinic experience but reported no action from the recommendations. Conclusions. Evaluation of the health check clinics indicate they had a minor, yet positive impact on the local community in increasing engagement with preventative screening strategies. COVID-19 restrictions impacted participant numbers and thus more research is needed in a time where community movement is not limited. © 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of La Trobe University.
- Authors: Coombs, Nicole , Sewell, Lauren , Jackson, Megan , Borgelt, Kaye , Lee, Jessica , Porter, Joanne
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Primary Health Vol. 29, no. 6 (2023), p. 606-612
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- Description: Background. To improve preventative health screening in regional Victoria, Australia, a collaborative student-led health prevention strategy was initiated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of four health check clinics using a free ‘pop-up’ format within community settings. Methods. A mixed methods, explanatory sequential design was used to explore community health data and participant experiences in utilising the free health check clinics. The clinics were delivered over 6 months and located in three different communities within the regional government area. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse participant health data and a thematic analysis was utilised to determine themes from participant feedback and health outcomes. Results. The clinics were attended by 188 community members, largely impacted by government lockdowns during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Health check results indicate the population is overweight and at high risk of diabetes. Participants enjoyed the free and convenient nature of the health check program and the location of the venues. Feedback from participants indicate the health education provided was useful and advocated for changes in current behaviours. Many embraced the new information and community connections and made changes to improve their future health. Others claimed to enjoy the clinic experience but reported no action from the recommendations. Conclusions. Evaluation of the health check clinics indicate they had a minor, yet positive impact on the local community in increasing engagement with preventative screening strategies. COVID-19 restrictions impacted participant numbers and thus more research is needed in a time where community movement is not limited. © 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing on behalf of La Trobe University.
Patient and partner perspectives of pregnancy-related counseling and information needs in women with kidney disease : an Australian national survey
- Hewawasam, Erandi, Stallard, Belinda, Orsillo, Alessandra, Boag, Jane, Green, Charmaine, Heffernan, Laura, Maistry, Carolina, Muthuramalingam, Shyamsundar, Tolic, Adela, Williamson, Amber, Jesudason, Shilpanjali
- Authors: Hewawasam, Erandi , Stallard, Belinda , Orsillo, Alessandra , Boag, Jane , Green, Charmaine , Heffernan, Laura , Maistry, Carolina , Muthuramalingam, Shyamsundar , Tolic, Adela , Williamson, Amber , Jesudason, Shilpanjali
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Kidney International Reports Vol. 8, no. 12 (2023), p. 2802-2813
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- Description: Introduction: The experiences and information needs for reproductive health counseling in women with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are poorly defined, despite the known importance of pregnancy planning in this higher-risk cohort. Methods: Australian adult women with CKD and their partners or family members completed a consumer codesigned survey about experiences of and preferences for pregnancy-related counseling, support, and education. Data were analyzed descriptively and with qualitative content analysis of free-text responses. Results: Responses were received from 102 women (CKD, n = 60; dialysis, n = 11; transplant, n = 26; unsure, n = 5 ) and 17 partners/family members. Pregnancy-related discussions were initiated mostly by women themselves (60.0%) compared to nephrologists (26.7%), and only after conception in 14.7%. Women found pregnancy-related discussions satisfactory (68.0%) and useful (50.7%) but also stressful (66.7%), with only 54.7% feeling in control of decision-making. Information deficits and quality, preformed decisions, clinician-patient disconnect, and burden of decision-making contributed to usefulness and outcomes of pregnancy-related counseling. Women received insufficient information about contraception (not provided in 35.2% of cases), medication safety (40.9%), fetal complications (33.8%) and emotional and psychological impact of pregnancy (73.2%). Women preferred counseling from nephrologists (86.4%), face-to-face settings (79.6%), websites (72.7%), handouts (61.4%), and online support groups (46.6%). High-quality, multiformat information by content experts, peer support, and psychological support were also strongly desired. Conclusion: This study highlights that preconception counseling and information needs of women with CKD are currently not being met. Frameworks and tools to assist patients and clinicians, particularly nephrologists, to initiate and conduct sensitive, useful, and informed shared decision-making (SDM) about pregnancy are urgently needed. © 2023
- Authors: Hewawasam, Erandi , Stallard, Belinda , Orsillo, Alessandra , Boag, Jane , Green, Charmaine , Heffernan, Laura , Maistry, Carolina , Muthuramalingam, Shyamsundar , Tolic, Adela , Williamson, Amber , Jesudason, Shilpanjali
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Kidney International Reports Vol. 8, no. 12 (2023), p. 2802-2813
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- Reviewed:
- Description: Introduction: The experiences and information needs for reproductive health counseling in women with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are poorly defined, despite the known importance of pregnancy planning in this higher-risk cohort. Methods: Australian adult women with CKD and their partners or family members completed a consumer codesigned survey about experiences of and preferences for pregnancy-related counseling, support, and education. Data were analyzed descriptively and with qualitative content analysis of free-text responses. Results: Responses were received from 102 women (CKD, n = 60; dialysis, n = 11; transplant, n = 26; unsure, n = 5 ) and 17 partners/family members. Pregnancy-related discussions were initiated mostly by women themselves (60.0%) compared to nephrologists (26.7%), and only after conception in 14.7%. Women found pregnancy-related discussions satisfactory (68.0%) and useful (50.7%) but also stressful (66.7%), with only 54.7% feeling in control of decision-making. Information deficits and quality, preformed decisions, clinician-patient disconnect, and burden of decision-making contributed to usefulness and outcomes of pregnancy-related counseling. Women received insufficient information about contraception (not provided in 35.2% of cases), medication safety (40.9%), fetal complications (33.8%) and emotional and psychological impact of pregnancy (73.2%). Women preferred counseling from nephrologists (86.4%), face-to-face settings (79.6%), websites (72.7%), handouts (61.4%), and online support groups (46.6%). High-quality, multiformat information by content experts, peer support, and psychological support were also strongly desired. Conclusion: This study highlights that preconception counseling and information needs of women with CKD are currently not being met. Frameworks and tools to assist patients and clinicians, particularly nephrologists, to initiate and conduct sensitive, useful, and informed shared decision-making (SDM) about pregnancy are urgently needed. © 2023
Prior cancer diagnosis and mortality profile in US adults
- Wang, Yutang, Fang, Yan, Sobey, Christopher, Drummond, Grant
- Authors: Wang, Yutang , Fang, Yan , Sobey, Christopher , Drummond, Grant
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: American Journal of the Medical Sciences Vol. 365, no. 2 (2023), p. 176-183
- Relation: https://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1062671
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- Description: Background: Mortality profiles with multivariate adjustment in patients with a prior cancer diagnosis are scarce. This study aimed to investigate multivariate-adjusted mortality profile in US adults with a prior cancer diagnosis. Methods: This cohort study included 58,109 US adults (5,016 with a prior cancer diagnosis) who attended the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Mortality outcomes were ascertained by linkage to the National Death Index records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) of prior cancer diagnosis for mortality. Results: This cohort was followed up for 646,033 person-years with a mean follow-up of 11.1 years. Compared with those without cancer, participants with a prior cancer diagnosis had increased crude cumulative mortality rates in each leading cause. Prior cancer diagnosis was associated with a higher multivariate-adjusted risk of mortality from all causes (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.22-1.35), cancer (HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 2.10-2.56), and accidents (HR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.34-2.68). Prior cancer diagnosis-associated increase in accident mortality appeared only in males and was significant only in non-Hispanic black participants. Prior cancer diagnosis-associated increase in cancer mortality appeared high in non-Hispanic black participants. Conclusions: This study found that patients with a prior cancer diagnosis had higher multivariate-adjusted accident mortality risks, suggesting that oncologists may need to evaluate accident risks in cancer patients and provide preventive interventions in particular for male and non-Hispanic black patients. Increased cancer mortality risk associated with prior cancer diagnosis in non-Hispanic black participants may also need clinical attention. © 2022 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation
- Authors: Wang, Yutang , Fang, Yan , Sobey, Christopher , Drummond, Grant
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: American Journal of the Medical Sciences Vol. 365, no. 2 (2023), p. 176-183
- Relation: https://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1062671
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Mortality profiles with multivariate adjustment in patients with a prior cancer diagnosis are scarce. This study aimed to investigate multivariate-adjusted mortality profile in US adults with a prior cancer diagnosis. Methods: This cohort study included 58,109 US adults (5,016 with a prior cancer diagnosis) who attended the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Mortality outcomes were ascertained by linkage to the National Death Index records. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and confidence intervals (CIs) of prior cancer diagnosis for mortality. Results: This cohort was followed up for 646,033 person-years with a mean follow-up of 11.1 years. Compared with those without cancer, participants with a prior cancer diagnosis had increased crude cumulative mortality rates in each leading cause. Prior cancer diagnosis was associated with a higher multivariate-adjusted risk of mortality from all causes (HR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.22-1.35), cancer (HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 2.10-2.56), and accidents (HR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.34-2.68). Prior cancer diagnosis-associated increase in accident mortality appeared only in males and was significant only in non-Hispanic black participants. Prior cancer diagnosis-associated increase in cancer mortality appeared high in non-Hispanic black participants. Conclusions: This study found that patients with a prior cancer diagnosis had higher multivariate-adjusted accident mortality risks, suggesting that oncologists may need to evaluate accident risks in cancer patients and provide preventive interventions in particular for male and non-Hispanic black patients. Increased cancer mortality risk associated with prior cancer diagnosis in non-Hispanic black participants may also need clinical attention. © 2022 Southern Society for Clinical Investigation
Maternal attachment state of mind and perinatal emotional wellbeing : findings from a pregnancy cohort study
- Galbally, Megan, Watson, Stuart, Lewis, Andrew, Power, Josephine, Buus, Niels, van Ijzendoorn, Marinus
- Authors: Galbally, Megan , Watson, Stuart , Lewis, Andrew , Power, Josephine , Buus, Niels , van Ijzendoorn, Marinus
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Affective Disorders Vol. 333, no. (2023), p. 297-304
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- Description: Objectives: Maternal attachment state of mind is an important potential predictor of risk and resilience to perinatal emotional wellbeing and early parenting. To explore maternal attachment in relation to perinatal depression and emotional wellbeing. Methods: This study drew on data collected within an ongoing cohort from 170 women recruited in early pregnancy, including 67 who met criteria for Major Depression. Maternal attachment state of mind was assessed with the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) in pregnancy. Additional measures included the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM (SCID), at 12 months the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP), Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Parenting Stress Index, and antenatal maternal hair cortisol concentrations (HCC). Limitations: Sample size to be able to undertake all analyses using the 4 way classifications, cortisol measurement is limited to hair only and there is no prospectively collected measure of childhood trauma in mothers. Conclusions: This study found that maternal attachment, specifically the Non-Autonomous states of mind, adjusted for clinical depression, was associated with higher cortisol in pregnancy and higher depressive symptoms across pregnancy and the postpartum. Furthermore, separately those with depression and Non-Autonomous states of mind also had higher postpartum parenting stress. There was no significant intergenerational concordance between AAI and SSP attachment classifications. Our findings support future research exploring the role of maternal attachment state of mind in understanding perinatal depression and emotional wellbeing. © 2023 The Author(s)
- Authors: Galbally, Megan , Watson, Stuart , Lewis, Andrew , Power, Josephine , Buus, Niels , van Ijzendoorn, Marinus
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Affective Disorders Vol. 333, no. (2023), p. 297-304
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: Maternal attachment state of mind is an important potential predictor of risk and resilience to perinatal emotional wellbeing and early parenting. To explore maternal attachment in relation to perinatal depression and emotional wellbeing. Methods: This study drew on data collected within an ongoing cohort from 170 women recruited in early pregnancy, including 67 who met criteria for Major Depression. Maternal attachment state of mind was assessed with the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) in pregnancy. Additional measures included the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM (SCID), at 12 months the Strange Situation Procedure (SSP), Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Parenting Stress Index, and antenatal maternal hair cortisol concentrations (HCC). Limitations: Sample size to be able to undertake all analyses using the 4 way classifications, cortisol measurement is limited to hair only and there is no prospectively collected measure of childhood trauma in mothers. Conclusions: This study found that maternal attachment, specifically the Non-Autonomous states of mind, adjusted for clinical depression, was associated with higher cortisol in pregnancy and higher depressive symptoms across pregnancy and the postpartum. Furthermore, separately those with depression and Non-Autonomous states of mind also had higher postpartum parenting stress. There was no significant intergenerational concordance between AAI and SSP attachment classifications. Our findings support future research exploring the role of maternal attachment state of mind in understanding perinatal depression and emotional wellbeing. © 2023 The Author(s)
- Carvajal-Espinoza, Rafael, Talpey, Scott, Salazar-Rojas, Walter
- Authors: Carvajal-Espinoza, Rafael , Talpey, Scott , Salazar-Rojas, Walter
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching Vol. 18, no. 5 (2023), p. 1850-1866
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: One of the most sought-after skills for performance in team sports is change of direction. Training the physical qualities of strength, speed, and power has been used to improve change of direction. These qualities of change of direction have been studied extensively for the last 20 years, and their influence is still questioned. Additionally, it is currently unknown how moderating training variables affect COD performance. Objective: This study examines the impact of strength, power, and speed training on change of direction performance. Method: Following the PRISMA guidelines, a meta-analysis was conducted. Electronic databases were searched for studies conducted from 1991 to April 2021. All studies identified for inclusion were peer-reviewed and published in English and Spanish and used an athlete population as participants. For all analyses, a significance level is set at p < 0.05. Results: Sixty-six articles were included in this meta-analysis. Two hundred fifty-one effect sizes were calculated, representing 2056 participants aged between 12 and 25 years. The global effect size (ES) for each quality is reported and Cochran's Q test: Strength (N = 48) ES: 0.844 Q = 77.63 (95%CI: 0.65;1.07); Speed (N = 17) ES: 0.70 Q = 5.69 (CI95% = 0.35;1.05); Power (N = 49) ES: 0.85 Q = 47.58 (CI95% = 0.64;1.06); Agility (N = 57) ES: 1.05 Q = 79.63 (CI95% = 0.86;1.24); Combined training (N = 13) ES: 0.51 Q = 13.79 (CI95% = 0.14;0.93), and the Control Group (N = 67) ES: 0.53 Q = 47.40 (IC95% =
Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c
- Zhou, Bin, Sheffer, Kate, Bennett, James, Gregg, Edward, Danaei, Goodarz, Singleton, Rosie, Shaw, Jonathan, Mishra, Anu, Lhoste, Victor, Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo, Kengne, Andre, Phelps, Nowell, Heap, Rachel, Rayner, Archie, Stevens, Gretchen, Paciorek, Chris, Riley, Leanne, Cowan, Melanie, Savin, Stefan, Vander Hoorn, Stephen, Lu, Yuan, Pavkov, Meda, Imperatore, Giuseppina, Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos, Ahmad, Noor, Anjana, Ranjit, Davletov, Kairat, Farzadfar, Farshad, González-Villalpando, Clicerio, Charchar, Fadi
- Authors: Zhou, Bin , Sheffer, Kate , Bennett, James , Gregg, Edward , Danaei, Goodarz , Singleton, Rosie , Shaw, Jonathan , Mishra, Anu , Lhoste, Victor , Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo , Kengne, Andre , Phelps, Nowell , Heap, Rachel , Rayner, Archie , Stevens, Gretchen , Paciorek, Chris , Riley, Leanne , Cowan, Melanie , Savin, Stefan , Vander Hoorn, Stephen , Lu, Yuan , Pavkov, Meda , Imperatore, Giuseppina , Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos , Ahmad, Noor , Anjana, Ranjit , Davletov, Kairat , Farzadfar, Farshad , González-Villalpando, Clicerio , Charchar, Fadi
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Nature Medicine Vol. 29, no. 11 (2023), p. 2885-2901
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- Description: Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29–39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance. © 2023, The Author(s). **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Fadi Charchar" is provided in this record**
- Authors: Zhou, Bin , Sheffer, Kate , Bennett, James , Gregg, Edward , Danaei, Goodarz , Singleton, Rosie , Shaw, Jonathan , Mishra, Anu , Lhoste, Victor , Carrillo-Larco, Rodrigo , Kengne, Andre , Phelps, Nowell , Heap, Rachel , Rayner, Archie , Stevens, Gretchen , Paciorek, Chris , Riley, Leanne , Cowan, Melanie , Savin, Stefan , Vander Hoorn, Stephen , Lu, Yuan , Pavkov, Meda , Imperatore, Giuseppina , Aguilar-Salinas, Carlos , Ahmad, Noor , Anjana, Ranjit , Davletov, Kairat , Farzadfar, Farshad , González-Villalpando, Clicerio , Charchar, Fadi
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Nature Medicine Vol. 29, no. 11 (2023), p. 2885-2901
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29–39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance. © 2023, The Author(s). **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Fadi Charchar" is provided in this record**
- McDonald, Cassie, Granger, Catherine, Said, Catherine, Remedios, Louisa
- Authors: McDonald, Cassie , Granger, Catherine , Said, Catherine , Remedios, Louisa
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Qualitative Health Research Vol. 32, no. 2 (2022), p. 345-359
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: In this research, we explore and theorize on the potential of hospital outpatient rehabilitation waiting areas to respond and contribute to the health literacy needs of consumers. Constructivist grounded theory informed the sampling and analytical procedures. Thirty-three consumers attending outpatient rehabilitation for a range of health conditions were recruited to this multi-site study. Semi-structured interview and participant observation data were collected and analyzed concurrently using the constant comparison method. The substantive theory of “seeking choice to fulfill health literacy needs” and five interdependent categories were developed. Results indicated that consumers sought choice reflective of their needs; however, the waiting area offered limited choice. Consumers shared ideas to address the lack of choice. Results provide insight into the health literacy needs of consumers in hospital outpatient waiting areas and how health services can appropriately respond to these needs. Future research should investigate the effect of health service environments on health outcomes. © The Author(s) 2021.
Evaluation of rural general practice experiences for pre-vocational medical graduates
- McGrail, Matthew, Chhabra, Jasleen, Hays, Richard
- Authors: McGrail, Matthew , Chhabra, Jasleen , Hays, Richard
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Rural and Remote Health Vol. 23, no. 1 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Introduction: Despite substantial investment in rural workforce support, sustaining the necessary recruitment and retention of general practitioners (GPs) in rural areas remains a challenge. Insufficient medical graduates are choosing a general/rural practice career. Medical training at postgraduate level, particularly for those ‘between’ undergraduate medical education and specialty training, remains strongly reliant on hospital experience in larger hospitals, potentially diverting interest away from general/rural practice. The Rural Junior Doctor Training Innovation Fund (RJDTIF) program offered junior hospital doctors (interns) an experience of 10 weeks in a rural general practice, aiming to increase their consideration of general/rural practice careers This study aimed to evaluate the educational and potential workforce impact of the RJDTIF program. Methods: Up to 110 places were established during 2019–2020 for Queensland’s interns to undertake an 8–12-week rotation (depending on individual hospital rosters) out of regional hospitals to work in a rural general practice. Participants were surveyed before and after the placement, although only 86 were invited due to the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive quantitative statistics were applied to the survey data. Four semistructured interviews were conducted to further explore the experiences post-placement, with audio-recordings transcribed verbatim. Semi-structured interview data were analysed using inductive, reflexive thematic analysis. Results: In total, 60 interns completed either survey, although only 25 were matched as completing both surveys. About half (48%) indicated they had preferenced the rural GP term and 48% indicated strong enthusiasm for the experience. General practice was indicated as the most likely career option for 50%, other general specialty 28% and subspecialty 22%. Likelihood to be working in a regional/rural location in 10 years was indicated as ‘likely’ or ‘very likely’ for 40%, ‘unlikely’ for 24% and ‘unsure’ for 36%. The two most common reasons for preferencing a rural GP term were experiencing training in a primary care setting (50%) and gaining more clinical skills through increased patient exposure (22%). The overall impact on pursuing a primary care career was self-assessed as much more likely by 41%, but much less by 15%. Interest in a rural location was less influenced. Those rating the term poor or average had low pre-placement enthusiasm for the term. The qualitative analysis of interview data produced two themes: importance of the rural GP term for interns (hands-on learning, skills improvement, influence on future career choice and engagement with the local community), and potential improvements to rural intern GP rotations. Conclusion: Most participants reported a positive experience from their rural GP rotation, which was recognised as a sound learning experience at an important time with respect to choosing a specialty. Despite the challenges posed by the pandemic, this evidence supports the investment in programs that provide opportunities for junior doctors to experience rural general practice in these formative postgraduate years to stimulate interest in this much-needed career pathway. Focusing resources on those who have at least some interest and enthusiasm may improve its workforce impact © 2023, Rural and Remote Health.All Rights Reserved.
- Authors: McGrail, Matthew , Chhabra, Jasleen , Hays, Richard
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Rural and Remote Health Vol. 23, no. 1 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Introduction: Despite substantial investment in rural workforce support, sustaining the necessary recruitment and retention of general practitioners (GPs) in rural areas remains a challenge. Insufficient medical graduates are choosing a general/rural practice career. Medical training at postgraduate level, particularly for those ‘between’ undergraduate medical education and specialty training, remains strongly reliant on hospital experience in larger hospitals, potentially diverting interest away from general/rural practice. The Rural Junior Doctor Training Innovation Fund (RJDTIF) program offered junior hospital doctors (interns) an experience of 10 weeks in a rural general practice, aiming to increase their consideration of general/rural practice careers This study aimed to evaluate the educational and potential workforce impact of the RJDTIF program. Methods: Up to 110 places were established during 2019–2020 for Queensland’s interns to undertake an 8–12-week rotation (depending on individual hospital rosters) out of regional hospitals to work in a rural general practice. Participants were surveyed before and after the placement, although only 86 were invited due to the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive quantitative statistics were applied to the survey data. Four semistructured interviews were conducted to further explore the experiences post-placement, with audio-recordings transcribed verbatim. Semi-structured interview data were analysed using inductive, reflexive thematic analysis. Results: In total, 60 interns completed either survey, although only 25 were matched as completing both surveys. About half (48%) indicated they had preferenced the rural GP term and 48% indicated strong enthusiasm for the experience. General practice was indicated as the most likely career option for 50%, other general specialty 28% and subspecialty 22%. Likelihood to be working in a regional/rural location in 10 years was indicated as ‘likely’ or ‘very likely’ for 40%, ‘unlikely’ for 24% and ‘unsure’ for 36%. The two most common reasons for preferencing a rural GP term were experiencing training in a primary care setting (50%) and gaining more clinical skills through increased patient exposure (22%). The overall impact on pursuing a primary care career was self-assessed as much more likely by 41%, but much less by 15%. Interest in a rural location was less influenced. Those rating the term poor or average had low pre-placement enthusiasm for the term. The qualitative analysis of interview data produced two themes: importance of the rural GP term for interns (hands-on learning, skills improvement, influence on future career choice and engagement with the local community), and potential improvements to rural intern GP rotations. Conclusion: Most participants reported a positive experience from their rural GP rotation, which was recognised as a sound learning experience at an important time with respect to choosing a specialty. Despite the challenges posed by the pandemic, this evidence supports the investment in programs that provide opportunities for junior doctors to experience rural general practice in these formative postgraduate years to stimulate interest in this much-needed career pathway. Focusing resources on those who have at least some interest and enthusiasm may improve its workforce impact © 2023, Rural and Remote Health.All Rights Reserved.
Caffeine does not influence persistent inward current contribution to motoneuron firing
- Mackay, Karen, Orssatto, Lucas, Polman, Remco, Van der Pols, Jolieke, Trajano, Gabriel
- Authors: Mackay, Karen , Orssatto, Lucas , Polman, Remco , Van der Pols, Jolieke , Trajano, Gabriel
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Neurophysiology Vol. 130, no. 6 (2023), p. 1529-1540
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether caffeine consumption would change persistent inward current (PIC) contribution to motoneuron firing at increased contraction intensities and after repetitive sustained maximal contractions. Before and after the consumption of 6 mg·kg-1 of caffeine or placebo, 16 individuals performed isometric triangular-shaped ramp dorsiflexion contractions (to 20% and 40% of peak torque), followed by four maximal contractions sustained until torque production dropped to 60% of maximum, and consecutive 20% triangular-shaped contractions. Tibialis anterior motor unit firing frequencies were analyzed from high-density surface electromyograms. PIC contribution to motor unit firing was estimated by calculating the delta frequency (DF) using the paired motor unit technique. Motoneuron peak firing frequencies at 20% and 40% contractions and total torque-time integral during the repetitive sustained maximal contractions were also assessed. DF increased 0.69 peaks per second (pps) (95% CI ¼ -0.98, -0.405; d ¼ -0.87) from 20% to 40% contraction intensities and reduced 0.85 pps (95% CI ¼ 0.66, 1.05; d ¼ 0.99) after the repetitive sustained maximal contractions, regardless of caffeine consumption. Participants produced 337 Nm·s (95% CI ¼ 49.9, 624; d ¼ 0.63) more torque integral during the repetitive sustained maximal contractions after caffeine consumption. A strong repeated-measures correlation (r ¼ 0.61; 95% CI ¼ 0.49, 0.69) was observed between reductions of DF and peak firing frequencies after the repetitive sustained maximal contractions. PIC contribution to motoneuron firing increases from 20% to 40% contraction intensities, with no effect of caffeine (on rested tibialis anterior). Repetitive sustained maximal contractions reduced PIC contribution to motoneuron firing, regardless of caffeine or placebo consumption, evidencing that changes in intrinsic motoneuron properties contributed to performance loss. Caffeine-attenuated reduction of torque production capacity was unlikely mediated by PICs. © 2023 American Physiological Society. All rights reserved.
- Ollerenshaw, Alison, Camilleri, Margaret
- Authors: Ollerenshaw, Alison , Camilleri, Margaret
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australian Journal of Primary Health Vol. 29, no. 5 (2023), p. 422-427
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Health justice partnerships (HJP) are innovative models for delivering integrated health and legal services to people experiencing complex issues. An HJP was established in regional Victoria, Australia, for young people. Promoting the program to young people and workers was essential for program uptake. There is a dearth of published information about strategies that support program promotion for young people and workers. In this practice and innovation paper, three promotional strategies were employed: a dedicated program website, secondary consultations, and legal education and information sessions. Each strategy is examined, with information presented about why and how these strategies were implemented alongside this HJP. The strengths and limitations of each strategy are explored, with some strategies appearing to engage audiences with the program more than others. The insights about each of the strategies established for this program may inform other HJPs with their planning and implementation for increased program awareness. © 2023 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)).
- Borkoles, Erika, Carroll, Sean, Clough, Peter, Polman, Remco
- Authors: Borkoles, Erika , Carroll, Sean , Clough, Peter , Polman, Remco
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Maturitas Vol. 83, no. (2016), p. 51-58
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Highlights • This is one of the few lifestyle intervention studies with morbidly obese individuals. • We showed that our intervention based on Health at Every Size and self-determination theory resulted in weight loss following the 3 month intervention period as well improved well-being and psychological functioning. • In addition, at one year follow-up participants from the initial intervention group and delayed start intervention group showed large improvements in their well-being and psychological functioning whilst maintaining their body weight.