An overview of demand response opportunities for commercial and industrial customers in the Australian NEM
- Authors: Amin, B.M. Ruhul , Shah, Rakibuzzaman , Hasan, Kaz , Tayab, Usman , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 14th IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, APPEEC 2022, Melbourne, 20-23 November 2023, 2022 IEEE PES 14th Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC) Vol. 2022-November
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- Description: Different demand response (DR) mechanisms available in the Australian national electricity market (NEM), such as wholesale, ancillary, emergency, and network DR could provide significant flexibility to maintain and enhance power system security and reliability. Australian Energy Market Operator (AEMO) is continually reviewing global practices working with different states and territories, and revising the legislative and technical requirements for integrating more DR participants into the national electricity market (NEM). Commercial and Industrial (CandI) customers have a higher potential to participate in DR with flexible larger loads and onsite distributed energy resources (DERs). The CandI customers can reduce their energy bills and earn incentives from operators through DR participation. This paper provides a comprehensive review of different types of DR mechanisms that have been used in the Australian NEM. Technical and legislative requirements to participate in DR for CandI customers have been identified and summarised. Furthermore, the challenges for DR participation and potential benefits have been highlighted. Finally, a look-up table is prepared to identify the suitability of CandI customers to participate in one or multiple DR mechanisms potentially. The findings of this paper can be used as a guiding tool for CandI customers to understand technical and legislative requirements for participating in different DR mechanisms in Australia and select the most appropriate DR mechanisms for maximising their benefits. © 2022 IEEE.
Blockchain based smart auction mechanism for distributed peer-to-peer energy trading
- Authors: Islam, Md Ezazul , Chetty, Madhu , Lim, Suryani , Chadhar, Mehmood , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 55th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, HICSS 2022, Virtual, online, 3-7 January 2022, Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences Vol. 2022-January, p. 6013-6022
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- Description: Blockchain based framework provides data immutability in a distributed network. In this paper, we investigate the application of blockchain for peer-to-peer (P2P) energy trading. Traditional energy trading systems use simple passing mechanisms and basic pricing methods, thus adversely affect the efficiency and buyers' social welfare. We propose a blockchain based energy trading mechanism that uses smart passing of unspent auction reservations to (a) minimise the time taken to settle an auction (convergence time), (b) maximise the number of auction settlement; and (c) incorporate second-price auction pricing to maximise buyers' social welfare in a distributed double auction environment. The entire mechanism is implemented within Hyperledger Fabric, an open-source blockchain framework, to manage the data and provide smart contracts. Experiments show that our approach minimises the convergence time, maximises the number of auction settlement, and increases the social welfare of buyers compared to existing methods. © 2022 IEEE Computer Society. All rights reserved.
Comparison between wired versus wireless mode of digital protection scheme leveraging on PRP topology
- Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 4th IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference, iSPEC 2022, Virtual, online, 4-7 December 2022, Proceedings - 2022 IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference, iSPEC 2022
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- Description: Applications of Digital communication in power systems have undergone revolutionary changes in the last decade due to the advancement in technology encompassing substation automation system (SAS). The reasons for veering away from traditional copper based secondary wiring for protection schemes to Ethernet and fiber optic (FO) include economic gains, faster project delivery, ease of diagnostics, less engineering and design efforts. However, digital systems still comprise some challenges such as latencies, data losses, and packet clogging during high traffic. Errors in packets transmission and associated difficulties in publication and subscription of generic object-oriented substation events (GOOSE) and sampled value (SV) packets in a Wide Area Network (WAN) substation based on IEC 62439-3 protocol call for a detailed investigation. This paper compares the performance of wired and wireless mode of digital secondary scheme based on simulation and physical set up leveraging on Parallel Redundancy Protocol (PRP) topology. It presents different scenarios for SV packets in a process bus and provides analysis to the data packet transmission due to traffic and network clogging in wired and wireless topologies. © 2022 IEEE.
Design of hybrid power system stabilizer for dynamic stability improvement using cultural algorithm
- Authors: Patel, Jasmeen , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 4th IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference, iSPEC 2022, Virtual, online, 4-7 December 2022, Proceedings - 2022 IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference, iSPEC 2022
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- Description: In power system the stability is an important property that varies on the operational condition and the interruption to which it is exposed. The power system network endangered to the similar disruption can be stable at one operational situation (e.g., in off-peak hours) and not stable at another (e.g., at peak times). Similarly, a network at one operational situation can be stable to one disturbance and not stable to another. Consequently, stability reports generally involve the analysis of several cases, in order to cover various disruptions of interest and the key points of operation of the system. This research recommends various stabilizers such as, Power system stabilizers (PSS), Proportional Integration Differentiation (PID) and Fractional Order PID (FOPID) to decrease oscillations due to small signal disruption. The PSS-Voltage stabilizer generates impulses at the time of speed-change which usually results in positive PSS output. Using the FOPID procedure in relation with PSS, this approach can decrease these impulses. Using this approach, the generated impulses are finally decreased. Genetic Algorithm, particle swarm optimization and cultural algorithm are used for parameter fine-tuning of all the stabilizers. All these algorithms will help to tune parameters at soft computing level and then again tuned by two stabilizers which are FOPID and PSS. Now, again two stabilizers will tune and provide output needs to compare and average output to get required tuned values. Finally, the average of two stabilizers will field circuit and drive rotor according to the value given to it. © 2022 IEEE.
Modelling and experimental assessment of high-frequency oscillation in DC microgrid
- Authors: Habibullah, Mohammad , Shah, Rakibuzzaman , Mithulananthan, Nadarajah , Islam, Syed , Islam, Rabiul
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 2022 IEEE Global Conference on Computing, Power and Communication Technologies, GlobConPT 2022, New Delhi, India, 23-25 September 2022, 2022 IEEE Global Conference on Computing, Power and Communication Technologies (GlobConPT)
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- Description: A comprehensive analytical simulation and experimental assessment of the DC microgrid (DCMG) under various disturbances are presented in this paper. The investigation shows that the disturbances can cause a significant impact, i.e., voltage deterioration and power oscillation at the common DC bus. The DC-link capacitance is identified as a critical parameter for power oscillation regulation on the DC bus. Furthermore, the experimental study reveals the adverse effect of the electromagnetic interference filter on the DC grid, which is usually employed to limit the oscillation in the DC grid. Furthermore, it should be worth noting that a single variable controller is not sufficient to handle significant or moderate disturbances. This paper's findings could be considered a guideline for a DC microgrid design. © 2022 IEEE.
Power quality improvement of a solar powered bidirectional smart grid and electric vehicle integration system
- Authors: Paidimukkala, Nikitha , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 4th IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference, iSPEC 2022, Virtual, online, 4-7 December 2022, Proceedings - 2022 IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference, iSPEC 2022
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- Description: This research paper mainly focuses on photovoltaic (PV) smart grid (SG) and electric vehicles (EVs) integration with two-way power flow capabilities by charging/discharging and power quality improvements using the power converters. Due to the increase of energy demand by rapid growth of population, it is necessary to modernize the power grid with improved power quality, such that the energy converted by solar PV (SPV) can be transmitted and stored as the excess amount of power in terms of batteries to use at peak load demand. The batteries of the EVs charge at a low level of demand and discharged at peak demand. The EVs can function both as a load and an energy supplier to the SG. The simulation results demonstrate the functioning of interfaced smart G2V system by observing and improving the factors such as power factor, power regulation and elimination of harmonics by constructing a power electronic network which can perform bidirectional power flow and balancing the network using MATLAB/Simulink software. Subsequentially, the improvement of power quality of the integrated system by analyzing power compensation, voltage regulation and harmonics mitigation of the integration system has been examined in detail. © 2022 IEEE.
Prediction of positive cloud-to-ground lightning striking zones for tilted thundercloud based on line charge model
- Authors: Barman, Surajit , Shah, Rakibuzzaman , Islam, Syed , Kumar, Apurv
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 14th IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, APPEEC 2022, Melbourne, 20-23 November 2023, 2022 IEEE PES 14th Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference (APPEEC) Vol. 2022-November
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- Description: Bushfire is known as one of the ascendant factors to create pyrocumulus thundercloud that causes the ignition of new fires by pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) lightning strikes mostly of positive polarity, and causes massive damage to nature and infrastructure. A conceptual model-based risk planning would be beneficial to predict the lightning striking zones on the surface of the earth underneath the pyroCb thundercloud. In this paper, a simple line charge structured thundercloud model is constructed in 2-D coordinates using the method of images to predict the probable +CG (positive cloud-To-ground) lightning striking zones on the earth's surface for tilted dipole thundercloud charge configuration. The electric potential distribution and ground surface charge density for tilted dipole thundercloud is investigated via continuously adjusting the position and charge density of its charge regions. Simulation results confirm the initiation of negative charged density for the wind shear extension of upper positive charge region by 2 to 8 km, and would expect +CG lightning to strike within 7.88 to 20 km around the earth periphery particularly in the direction of the cloud's forward flank. The proposed model would serve as the foundation to identify the probable lightning affected area as well as can also be extended to analyze the hazardous situation appears in wind energy farms or agricultural fencing situated nearby the power grid during pyroCb events. © 2022 IEEE.
Resilience of stablecoin reserve for distributed energy trading
- Authors: Islam, Md Ezazul , Chetty, Madhu , Lim, Suryani , Chadhar, Mehmood , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 14th IEEE PES Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, APPEEC 2022, Melbourne, Australia, 20-23 November 2022, Asia-Pacific Power and Energy Engineering Conference, APPEEC Vol. 2022-November
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- Description: For payment settlement, a blockchain-based Peer-To-Peer (P2P) energy trading requires a stable medium of exchange with little price volatility. Stablecoins, the most suitable medium of exchange, gaining concentration even from central banks. A consortium of central banks recommends complying with capital and liquidity standards for the high-quality liquid asset (HQLA) for the solvency of banks or financial institutions. Stablecoin as HQLA requires the adaption of such standards in P2P energy trading for reserve resilience. We propose a mechanism (NF90) that controls the inflow of stablecoins responding to Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR) for reserve resilience. Basel III accord recommends 100% of LCR. We measure the efficiency of NF90 concerning LCR as a metric. We simulate the proposed mechanism in Hyperledger Fabric as a permissioned blockchain platform for decentralisation, data storage, and smart contract. Experiments show that NF90 is the most efficient inflow control mechanism compared to other simulated mechanisms. © 2022 IEEE.
Risk and resiliency assessments of renewable dominated edge of grid under high-impact low-probability events -a Review
- Authors: Surinkaew, Tossaporn , Shah, Rakibuzzaman , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 2022 IEEE Global Conference on Computing, Power and Communication Technologies, GlobConPT 2022, New Delhi, India, 23-25 September 2022, 2022 IEEE Global Conference on Computing, Power and Communication Technologies (GlobConPT)
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- Description: Low-probability high-impact (HILP) events such as windstorms, earthquakes, wildfires, and floods, which can cause significant damages to power systems, are inevitable and unpredictable. Besides, uncertainties from distributed renewable energy resources may prevent conventional techniques to improve reliability of power grids. In previous research works, several strategies have been introduced to investigate risk and resiliency, and to find effective solutions to improve system reliability under such extreme events. In this paper, a critical review of these strategies is presented. Modelings of the HILP events are dis-cussed. In the conclusion, this paper pinpoints significant findings and give directions for robustly protecting power systems. © 2022 IEEE.
Vulnerability assessment framework for a smart grid
- Authors: Rashed, Muhammad , Kamruzzaman, Joarder , Gondal, Iqbal , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 4th IEEE Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference, GPECOM 2022, Cappadocia, Turkey, 14-17 June 2022, Proceedings - 2022 IEEE 4th Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference, GPECOM 2022 p. 449-454
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- Description: The increasing demand for the interconnected IoT based smart grid is facing threats from cyber-attacks due to inherent vulnerability in the smart grid network. There is a pressing need to evaluate and model these vulnerabilities in the network to avoid cascading failures in power systems. In this paper, we propose and evaluate a vulnerability assessment framework based on attack probability for the protection and security of a smart grid. Several factors were taken into consideration such as the probability of attack, propagation of attack from a parent node to child nodes, effectiveness of basic metering system, Kalman estimation and Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). The IEEE-300 bus smart grid was simulated using MATPOWER to study the effectiveness of the proposed framework by injecting false data injection attacks (FDIA); and studying their propagation. Our results show that the use of severity assessment standards such as Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS), AMI measurements and Kalman estimates were very effective for evaluating the vulnerability assessment of smart grid in the presence of FDIA attack scenarios. © 2022 IEEE.
A Fast and Reliable Blocked Bus Bar Protection Scheme Leveraging on Sampled Value and GOOSE Protection based on IEC 61850 Architecture
- Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Abu-Siada, Ahmed , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 31st Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2021, Virtual, Online 26 to 30 September 2021, Proceedings of 2021 31st Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2021
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- Description: Substation Automation System (SAS) is in a matured state and promises to replace conventional protection scheme. It has created a new paradigm in its application for future smart grids. The multifunction features of IEC 61850 facilitate this technology to reliably monitor, protect and control critical assets. Mostly agree, the intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) and substation automation features have the same effect as 'html' had in developing web technology on IT system in 1990's. However, in order to be acceptable completely, this technology needs to gain confidence of end user, it needs to be researched further using multivendor equipment and experimented in a network comprising of complex secondary protection schemes. In this paper, a practical Blocked Busbar Protection (BBP) scheme have been implemented and tested for a single bus bar scheme, leveraging on Sampled Values (SV) and Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) at laboratory to prove its reliability and improvement in technology. This experiment has been carried out for three scenarios in a simulated substation network related to a process plant industry. Furthermore, this laboratory-based experiment with multivendor IEDs evaluated performance of an Ethernet and FO based process bus network to validate overall performance of BBP protection scheme. It concluded with a comparison between digital and conventional protection scheme with recommendation for future applications. © 2021 IEEE.
Assessing reliability of smart grid against cyberattacks using stability index
- Authors: Rashed, Muhammad , Gondal, Iqbal , Kamruzzaman, Joarder , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 31st Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2021, Virtual, Online 26 to 30 September 2021, Proceedings of 2021 31st Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2021
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- Description: The degradation of stability index within smart grid leads to incorrect power generation and poor load balancing. The remote data dependency of the central energy management system (CEMS) causes communication delay that further leads to poor synchronization within the system. This becomes worse in the presence of cyber-attacks such as stealth or false data injection attack (FDIA). We used dynamic estimation to obtain state data after the inception of false data attack and analyzed its impact on the stability index of the smart grid. A lookup table was constructed based on the fluctuations within the voltage estimates of IEEE-Bus system. An index number was assigned to output estimates at the bus that highlights the level of severity within the grid. We used IEEE-57 Bus using MATLAB to capture and plot the results related to voltage estimates, latency, and inception time delay. The results demonstrate a clear relationship between stability index and state estimates especially when the system is under the influence of a cyber-attack. © 2021 IEEE.
MATLAB/Simulink Modelling of Multi-junction PV Cell for Conversion Efficiency Improvement using Maximum Power Point Tracking Method
- Authors: Dave, Malvika , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia, ISGT Asia 2021, Brisbane, 5-8 December 2021
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- Description: This research focuses the modelling of multi-junction solar cells (MJSCs) for conversion efficiency improvement considering maximum power point tracking (MPPT) utilizing MATLAB/Simulink software. The conversion efficiency of a single-junction photovoltaic (PV) cell is comparatively low than the MJSCs (GaInP/GaInAs/Ge). The cell conversion efficiency is improved by forming MJSCs, where two or more single junctions are stacked, and higher conversion efficiency is achieved using the MPPT method in MATLAB/Simulink environment to maximize the output power of PV panel. This research considered different parameters of MJSCs, such as lattice matching, bandgap matching, current matching to improve the conversion efficiency. The maximum performance of MJSCs also obtained through the I-V and P-V characteristics by varying different environmental factors, such as temperature and irradiance in MATLAB/Simulink environment. perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT algorithm which is the most suitable for PV applications. Finally, two different Pulse Width Modulation techniques are compared and analyzed with respect to Perturb and observe by applying Quasi Z source inverter (QZSI) within the MATLAB/Simulink environment to enhance the conversion efficiency of triple MJSC. © 2021 IEEE
Mitigation of Power Quality Issues with Solar PV Penetration into LV/MV Distribution System
- Authors: Patel, Bhoomi , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies - Asia, ISGT Asia 2021, Brisbane, 5-8 December 2021
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- Description: Over the last decades, solar photovoltaic (PV) system on the low and medium voltage distribution network is growing dramatically. The power grids are still facing the experience of more penetration to satisfy electricity demand of the consumer. Another reason for solar PV penetration is government subsidies for the customers, decreasing the capital cost of solar PV, feed-in-tariff and to balance the CO2 emission from the atmosphere. The integration of PV system in low voltage or medium voltage ((LV/MV) distribution networks is raising new challenges in terms of power quality (PQ). In the LV/MV distribution networks, PQ problems are voltage sag and swell are the most serious concern, and it occurs when residential renewable energy sources (i.e., solar PV) produce more energy than the local demand. As per the PQ studies, voltage sag/swell issues in the LV/MV power grid considered to be the most common type of PQ issue. Impact of this type of issue on sensitive loads is harsh. Hence, different types of solution have been used to protect sensitive loads from such voltage problems, but the dynamic voltage restorer is to be considered, effective and efficient solution. Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is a series connected power electronic device which is used to alleviate the voltage sag/swell problem in the distribution system and restore the load voltage to the required value. Therefore, the main objective of this research project is to investigate and understand the impact of PQ issues in LV/MV distribution system and aim is to alleviate them. MATLAB/Simulink software is used to solve the PQ issues by designing battery supported DVR with energy storage systems. The performance of battery supported DVR is designed, simulated in MATLAB/Simulink software environment, and analysed in detail. © 2021 IEEE
Impact of MMC-HVDC Control Parameter Selection on the Dynamic Performance of AC System
- Authors: Shah, Rakibuzzaman , Islam, Syed , Islam, Md Rabiul
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices; ASEMD 2020, Virtual Tianjin ;16 to 18 October 2020
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- Description: High penetration of voltage source converter (VSC) based system is anticipated in future power systems. This study discusses the interaction of modular multilevel converter (MMC) based high voltage dc (HVDC) system with the dynamic of the host ac network in the electromechanical time frame. The respective controls for MMC-HVDC system suitable for the stability studies in the electromechanical time-frame are considered. This paper gives insight into the effects of several important sensitivities such as (i) MMC control implementation, (ii) non linearity associated with the fault ride through implementation, and (iii) phase locked loop parameters on ac system dynamics. The comprehensive analysis has been performed using an equivalent model of Great British transmission system. © 2020 IEEE.
State estimation in the presence of cyber attacks using distributed partition technique
- Authors: Rashed, Muhammad , Gondal, Iqbal , Kamruzzuman, Joarder , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 2020 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2020, Hobart, 29 November 2020 to 2 December 2020, 2020 Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2020 - Proceedings
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The security of smart grid (SG) is an open problem. False data injection attacks (FDIAs) could pose serious risks to automated smart grid and can cause power system outages which eventually could lead to huge economical losses. Cyber-attacks on critical infrastructure are big concerns to the nation's energy reliability; and attackers come up with new attack strategies that couldn't be detected by the traditional bad data detection methods. Although bad data detection (BDD) schemes based on traditional state estimation and chi-square tests within power systems have been used and considered very reliable in detecting false measurements, these BDD schemes and state estimators have been found vulnerable and failed to combat engineered cyber-attacks. In this paper, a novel chi-square detector has been used with a combination of two state estimators in Distributed Partitioning State Estimation (DPSE), results show it is very effective to combat FDIAs when compared with traditional state estimation techniques. The main idea of DPSE is to increase the sensitivity of the chi-square tests by partitioning the large grids into small blocks and applying the tests on each partition individually. State estimator modelled on a novel chi-square detector which is based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm significantly improved the results. Numerical simulations conducted in MATPOWER confirm the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2020 University of Tasmania.
Assessing transformer oil quality using deep convolutional networks
- Authors: Alam, Mohammad , Karmakar, Gour , Islam, Syed , Kamruzzaman, Joarder , Chetty, Madhu , Lim, Suryani , Appuhamillage, Gayan , Chattopadhyay, Gopi , Wilcox, Steve , Verheyen, Vincent
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 29th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference, AUPEC 2019
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- Description: Electrical power grids comprise a significantly large number of transformers that interconnect power generation, transmission and distribution. These transformers having different MVA ratings are critical assets that require proper maintenance to provide long and uninterrupted electrical service. The mineral oil, an essential component of any transformer, not only provides cooling but also acts as an insulating medium within the transformer. The quality and the key dissolved properties of insulating mineral oil for the transformer are critical with its proper and reliable operation. However, traditional chemical diagnostic methods are expensive and time-consuming. A transformer oil image analysis approach, based on the entropy value of oil, which is inexpensive, effective and quick. However, the inability of entropy to estimate the vital transformer oil properties such as equivalent age, Neutralization Number (NN), dissipation factor (tanδ) and power factor (PF); and many intuitively derived constants usage limit its estimation accuracy. To address this issue, in this paper, we introduce an innovative transformer oil analysis using two deep convolutional learning techniques such as Convolutional Neural Network (ConvNet) and Residual Neural Network (ResNet). These two deep neural networks are chosen for this project as they have superior performance in computer vision. After estimating the equivalent aging year of transformer oil from its image by our proposed method, NN, tanδ and PF are computed using that estimated age. Our deep learning based techniques can accurately predict the transformer oil equivalent age, leading to calculate NN, tanδ and PF more accurately. The root means square error of estimated equivalent age produced by entropy, ConvNet and ResNet based methods are 0.718, 0.122 and 0.065, respectively. ConvNet and ResNet based methods have reduced the error of the oil age estimation by 83% and 91%, respectively compared to that of the entropy method. Our proposed oil image analysis can calculate the equivalent age that is very close to the actual age for all images used in the experiment. © 2019 IEEE.
- Description: E1
Nano-structured photovoltaic cell design for high conversion efficiency by optimizing various parameters
- Authors: Shelat, Niraj , Das, Narottam , Khan, Masud , Islam, Syed
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2019 29th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference; Momi Bay, Fiji; 26th-29th November 2019
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: This paper investigates the effect of different types of nano-grating structures embossed on top of the substrate of solar photovoltaic (PV) cell for high conversion efficiency. The simulation results for light reflection are obtained by using Opti-wave finite difference time-domain (Opti-FDTD) software. These nano-grating structures have different shapes, such as triangular, trapezoidal, pillar and parabolic. These nano-grating profiles work as a multilayer anti-reflective coating for GaAs solar cells and reduce the light reflection from the surface of the panel and increase the light trapping capacity inside the solar cell. These structures allow the gradual change in refractive index and provide a high transmission and less reflection of light that confirms excellent anti-reflective coating and increased light trapping capacity inside the cell substrate. For this simulation, different periodic shaped arrangements were made to obtain the higher conversion efficiency, the factors considered while develop the design are the aspect ratio (AR), thickness of the nano-grating structure and duty cycles. The simulation result shows that the light reflection loss in pillar shaped nano-grating structures having 150 nm of height and a 50% period (i.e., duty cycle) is ~0.5% only, which is the lowest reflection loss obtained, when compared with the triangular and trapezoidal shaped nano-grating structures, it is approximately 38% more efficient in trapping the incident light.
- Description: This research is supported by the School of Engineering and Technology, Melbourne, Victoria; Centre for Intelligent Systems, Brisbane, QLD, Central Queensland University, Australia.
Verification of latency and delays related to a digital topology based on IEC 61850
- Authors: Kumar, Shantanu , Das, Narottam , Islam, Syed , Abu-Siada, Ahmed
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 2019 29th Australasian Universities Power Engineering Conference (AUPEC2019); Momi Bay, Fiji; 26th-29th November 2019
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Digital Communication systems have matured to a point of acceptance in the last decade enormously based on IEC 61850 guidelines from Substation Automation System (SAS) perspective. However, these networks have issues related to latency, data clogging delays, errors etc. in the digital protection system. Measuring propagation delays and assessing the performance of IED's and other peripherals in an Ethernet topology play a critical role in relay coordination setting. This paper discusses issues associated with a digital network and addresses the problems that could mitigate spurious tripping or compromise the protection of the assets in the feeders leading to a reliable operation of the protection system. The discussion in this paper is carried out based on a case study related to a digital star topology using Optimized Network Engineering Tool (OPNET) software of a 132/22-kV zone substation. We report the practical case of measuring delay time during frame exchanges of Generic Object Oriented Substation Event (GOOSE) and Sampled Value (SV) messages amongst the IED' and peripherals.
An experimental thermographic safety audit focusing on temperature rise vs load in electrical installations in a Bangladesh garments factory
- Authors: Islam, Syed , Huque, Mozammel , Khan, Liakot , Hossain, Imran
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
- Relation: 4th International Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering, ICAEE 2017; Dhaka, Bangladesh; 28th-30th September 2017 Vol. 2018, p. 561-564
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Thermographic scanning of electrical installations is sometimes conducted as part of electrical safety audits. This scanning is mostly considered based on the present temperature identified on a particular device or location and according to a pre-specified temperature category. But in most of the cases the recommended temperature of the particular devices cannot be considered during temperature categorization. There are many electrical audits using Thermographic scanning and recommend solution based on normal category of temperature rather than manufacturer's suggestion or specified standard for particular electrical device. Now a days, thermographic scanning is being used in Readymade Garments (RMG) industries in Bangladesh in such simple way where details analysis are not in practice and hence exact recommendation is absent in reports. The importance of this topic is focused on the 4.2 million people working in more than 5,000 factories in Bangladesh, where 80% of the fire incident are caused by inappropriate electrical installation or short circuits (as per Fire Service and Civil Defense statistics of Bangladesh). Recently many violent industrial accidents caused death of more than 1,500 people in the last 3 years. Among these, majority of the incidents were due to unsafe electrical system and inappropriate maintenance. The paper will further explore the importance of thermal scanning on electrical devices and compare the temperature considering manufacturer's recommendation for identifying system errors. The paper is written based on previously published recommendations and based on conducting an experimental sample audit aimed to develop a thermography based auditing standard. Based on the statistical and systematic analysis of the obtained data (e.g. temperature values, visual abnormalities, comparative differences) the paper will further discuss the possible area(s) that can be improved by introducing the thermal reports for the safety audits. This paper is aimed to develop an auditing structure proposed to implement identified areas within a standard electrical safety audit process.