Confirmatory factor analysis of measures of sport imagery ability and use
- Authors: Watt, Anthony , Spittle, Michael , Jaakkola, Timo , Morris, Tony
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at XIth European Congress of Sport Psychology, Copenhagen, Denmark : 22nd-27th July 2003
- Full Text: false
- Description: Demonstrations of the CFA process in the context of imagery abilities and imagery use assessment are severely lacking. Presently, very few imagery measures from either general or sport psychology have had their factor structure confirmed using structural equation modeling to. Irrespective of the accepted difficulties in the assessment of the imagery process, understanding in the field can only be enhanced through the application of appropriate statistical tools to demonstrate the relationship between measured variables and latent constructs. This paper details the examination of the factor structures of the Sport Imagery Ability Measure (SIAM) and the Sport Imagery Questionnaire (SIQ), using structural equation modeling. Confirmatory models of the key characteristics of mental imagery in relation to sport are also discussed. The SIAM is a 48-item self-report measure that uses four sport-related scenes to examine the dimensional, sensorial, and emotional characteristics of generating images. The SIQ is a 30-item self-report measure that examines five characteristics associated with the cognitive and motivational aspects of imagery use. Participants (N = 514) from universities and elite sport groups in Australia, England, and Finland completed the measures. Confirmatory factor analyses of models proposed by the authors of each measure were conducted using AMOS 4.0 software. The SIAM threefactor model was a reasonable to good fit for the data with all fit indices except for the RMSEA (0.12) at or above accepted minima. A five-factor model tested for the SIQ did not result in as many acceptable fit indices, with only the RMSEA (0.07) indicating a good fit. Alternative models for both measures are examined and the implications of these findings in relation to both the evaluation and conceptualization of sport imagery are discussed.
- Description: 2003003788
Out of school hours sport as a physical activity intervention : Promoting innovation and measuring impact
- Authors: O'Meara, James , Spittle, Michael
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at 2005 Australian Conference of Science and Medicine in Sport, Fifth National Physical Activity Conference, Fourth National Sports Injury Prevention Conference : Promoting Innovation, measuring success, Melbourne Convention Centre, Melbourne, Victoria : 13th-16th October 2005
- Full Text: false
- Description: Children’s activity choices and patterns of activity in the after-school-hours period (between the end of school and dinner) can be important predictors of daily activity levels The Out of School Hours Sports Program (OSHSP) is a state-wide physical activity initiative that provides structured sporting experiences for children in formal out-of-school-hours care (OSHC) involving 17 State Sporting Associations (SSAs) and 70 OSHC services. Participants in the evaluation were 86 children (27 girls and 59 boys) and 86 parents, and 20 deliverers of the OSHSP at various OSHC services. The average age of the children was 7.7 years (SD = 1.6). Measures included surveys, focus groups, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis. The OSHSP initiative was evaluated over three years on four levels: reactions of the deliverers, advances in skills and knowledge, attitudes of the deliverers, and success of the initiatives against program objectives. The evaluation suggested that deliverers remained concerned about the requirements of delivering the initiative. Often deliverers did not modify their current practices to match the objectives of the OSHSP, possibly due to a clash between deliverer beliefs and program objectives. The children were having fun (97.5%) and learning new skills (89%). Most participants (76.7%) indicated an intention to continue their participation in the sport being delivered at the OSHSP into club sport participation. Children in the OSHSP were generally very active, with most (88%) already participating in sport outside the OSHSP suggesting that the target population may be difficult to access.
- Description: 2003003800
Participation in sport and physical activity for rural adolescent girls : A socio-ecological approach
- Authors: Casey, Meghan , Eime, Rochelle , Payne, Warren , Harvey, Jack , Bellamy, M. , Maher, Shelley
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at ASICS Conference of science and medicine in sport 2008, Hamilton Island : 16th-18th October 2008
- Full Text: false
- Description: Adolescence is a critical time for developing lifelong healthy behaviours including regular participation in sport and physical activity. Participation in sport and physical activity, however, declines during adolescence and few studies have comprehensively identified why; particularly amongst rural girls. This study identifies a range of independent and interacting factors that influence sport and physical activity participation in rural adolescent girls. Methodology: The socio-ecological model of health was used to conduct four focus group discussions with Grade 7 girls (n = 34). Four secondary schools were randomly selected and checked for remoteness using SEIFA and ARIA+ Indexes. Results: Adolescent girls were positively influenced when sport or physical activities were fun, they involved being with friends, and were supported by families and teachers through role modelling and positive feedback. A range of intrapersonal and organisational factors affected perceived self-competence; particularly the co-educational nature of school physical education classes and peer teasing which supported social comparisons of skill level. Conclusions: In the promotion of sport and physical activity to rural adolescent girls, focus must be directed upon developmentally appropriate activities that are fun, opportunities for single-sex classes, and generating cultural changes that encourage non-competitive, and self-referencing activities.
- Description: 2003007623
Psychometric comparison of measures of sport imagery ability and sport imagery use
- Authors: Spittle, Michael , Watt, Anthony , Morris, Tony
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at Promoting Health & Performance for Life., Sydney :
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: E1
- Description: 2003001103
What do users of multi-purpose recreation facilities think about safety at those facilities?
- Authors: Finch, Caroline , Donaldson, Alex , Otago, Leonie , Mahoney, Mary
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Sport Health Vol. 27, no. 3 (2009), p. 31-35
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565900
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The multi-purpose recreation facilities (MPRF) users' perceptions of the safety-related policies and practices within those facilities are discussed. Some of the measures that can be applied by MPRF managers and others to promote safety in these facilities are highlighted.
- Description: 2003008196
Leaving the professional tennis circuit : Exploratory study of experiences and reactions from elite female athletes : Commentary-1
- Authors: Reynolds, Michael
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: British Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 40, no. 5 (2006), p. 482
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: C1
Reducing adolescents' exposure to alcohol advertising and promotion during televised sports
- Authors: Nicholson, Matthew , Hoye, Russell
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: JAMA - Journal of the American Medical Association Vol. 301, no. 14 (2009), p. 1479-1482
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
Understanding the influence of sport and physical activity policy on community well being : ‘Assembling’ partnerships in regional Victoria
- Authors: Ruyg, Sharon , Payne, Warren , Swan, Peter
- Date: 2002
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at Who's Looking After the Bush?, Rockhampton, Australia : 14th June, 2002 p. 142-149
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Rural and regional Victorians, like most Australians, face a complex set of issues that challenge their capacity to lead active lifestyles. Such issues are Compounded by the myriad of changes to the structure of communities through policies resulting in declining services and support from centralised government and the private sector during the 1990's. Crucial to the sustainability of communities is the need for a better understanding of how policies influence and impact upon them. A study in Regiona/ Victoria investigated how policies relating to physical activity influence community well being and analysed government policies in the sport and health sectors. The application of critical policy analysis techniques (Taylor et al, 1997; Chalip, 1996) using a critical interpretive approach (Berkovifz, 2000) provided the framework for the problematization of physical activity and the use of legitimation (Chalip, 1996) in the analysis of policies. The research found that greatest government interest in physical activity was linked to the economic benefits that can be attributed to improved rates of participation in sport and other forms of physical activity. Policy is further influenced by the interplay between sectors, levels of government and the availability of funding. The research found that inconsistencies exist between the language and available resources at all levels despite the knowledge of potential health benefits. Of significance to the research is the investigation of structures to support the development of sport and physical activity opportunities. Victoria's Regional Sports Assemblies (RSAs) provide an approach reflective of the needs of communities through sport and physical activity. The capacity for greater collaboration lies at the local level where direct community relationships afford opportunities to engage individuals and organisations in sport and physical activity.
- Description: E1
- Description: 2003000262
Use of field-based tests to identify risk factors for injury to fast bowlers in cricket
- Authors: Dennis, Rebecca , Finch, Caroline , McIntosh, Andrew , Elliott, Bruce
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: British Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 42, no. 6 (Jun 2008), p. 477-482
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: To identify risk factors for injury to cricket fast bowlers using field-based tests. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: High performance Australian cricket. Participants: Ninety-one male adolescent and adult fast bowlers (aged 12-33 years). Assessment of risk factors: A field-based pre-participation screening, consisting of musculoskeletal, fitness and anthropometric assessments and analysis of bowling technique was undertaken. Bowlers were prospectively monitored over the 2003-4 season and bowling workload and injuries were recorded. Logistic regression was used to identify injury risk factors. Main outcome measurement: Repetitive microtrauma injury to the trunk, back or lower limb associated with fast bowling. Results: Two variables were identified as independent predictors of injury in the multivariate logistic regression analysis. Bowlers with hip internal rotation of <= 30 degrees on the leg ipsilateral to the bowling arm were at a significantly reduced risk of injury (OR 0.20, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.73) compared with bowlers with >40 degrees of rotation. Bowlers with an ankle dorsiflexion lunge of 12.1-14.0 cm on the leg contralateral to the bowling arm were at a significantly increased risk (OR 4.03, 95% CI 1.07 to 15.21) than bowlers with a lunge of >14 cm. Bowlers with a lunge of (12 cm were also at an increased risk, but not significantly so (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.40 to 4.84). Conclusions: Biomechanical research is needed to investigate how these two intrinsic risk factors increase injury risk so that appropriate interventions can be developed.
Meeting the global demand of sports safety : The intersection of science and policy in sports safety
- Authors: Timpka, Toomas , Finch, Caroline , Goulet, Claude , Noakes, Tim , Yammine, Kaissar
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Sports Medicine Vol. 38, no. 10 (2008), p. 795-805
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Sports and physical activity are transforming, and being transformed by, the societies in which they are practised. From the perspectives of both competitive and non-competitive sports, the complexity of their integration into today's society has led to neither sports federations nor governments being able to manage the safety problem alone. In other words, these agencies, whilst promoting sport and physical activity, deliver policy and practices in an uncoordinated way that largely ignores the need for a concurrent overall policy for sports safety. This article reviews and analyses the possibility of developing an overall sports safety policy from a global viewpoint. Firstly, we describe the role of sports in today's societies and the context within which much sport is delivered. We then discuss global issues related to injury prevention and safety in sports, with practical relevance to this important sector, including an analysis of critical policy issues necessary for the future development of the area and significant safety gains for all. We argue that there is a need to establish the sports injury problem as a critical component of general global health policy agendas, and to introduce sports safety as a mandatory component of all sustainable sports organizations. We conclude that the establishment of an explicit intersection between science and policy making is necessary for the future development of sports and the necessary safety gains required for all participants around the world. The Safe Sports International safety promotion programme is outlined as an example of an international organization active within this arena. © 2008 Adis Data Information BV. All rights reserved.
- Description: C1
Change in a children's out of school hours sports program (OSHSP): A deliverer's perspective
- Authors: O'Meara, James , Spittle, Michael , Garnham, Jennie
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at 11th World Congress of Sport Psychology, Sydney : 15th August, 2005
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Children’s activity choices and patterns of activity in the after-school-hours period (between the end of school and dinner) can be important predictors of daily activity levels The Out of School Hours Sports Program (OSHSP) is a state-wide physical activity initiative that provides structured sporting experiences for children in formal out-of-school-hours care (OSHC) involving 17 State Sporting Associations (SSAs) and 70 OSHC services. Participants in the evaluation were 86 children (27 girls and 59 boys) and 86 parents, and 20 deliverers of the OSHSP at various OSHC services. The average age of the children was 7.7 years (SD = 1.6). Measures included surveys, focus groups, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis. The OSHSP initiative was evaluated over three years on four levels: reactions of the deliverers, advances in skills and knowledge, attitudes of the deliverers, and success of the initiatives against program objectives. The evaluation suggested that deliverers remained concerned about the requirements of delivering the initiative. Often deliverers did not modify their current practices to match the objectives of the OSHSP, possibly due to a clash between deliverer beliefs and program objectives. The children were having fun (97.5%) and learning new skills (89%). Most participants (76.7%) indicated an intention to continue their participation in the sport being delivered at the OSHSP into club sport participation. Children in the OSHSP were generally very active, with most (88%) already participating in sport outside the OSHSP suggesting that the target population may be difficult to access.
- Description: E1
- Description: 2003001104
Sport psychology
- Authors: Spittle, Michael
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Sport Psychology Vol. 34, no. 2 (Apr-Jun 2003), p. 185-185
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: C1
When 'just doing it' is not enough: Assessing the fidelity of player performance of an injury prevention exercise program
- Authors: Fortington, Lauren , Donaldson, Alex , Lathlean, Tim , Young, Warren , Gabbe, Belinda , Lloyd, David , Finch, Caroline
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 18, no. 3 (May 2014 2014), p.272-277
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565907
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1058737
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565900
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: To obtain benefits from sports injury prevention programs, players are instructed to perform the exercises as prescribed. We developed an observational checklist to measure the quality of exercise performance by players participating in FootyFirst, a coach-led, exercise-based, lower-limb injury prevention program in community Australian Football (AF). Design: Observational. Methods: The essential performance criteria for each FootyFirst exercise were described in terms of the technique, volume and intensity required to perform each exercise. An observational checklist was developed to evaluate each criterion through direct visual observation of players at training. The checklist was trialled by two independent raters who observed the same 70 players completing the exercises at eight clubs. Agreement between observers was assessed by Kappa-statistics. Exercise fidelity was defined as the proportion of observed players who performed all aspects of their exercises correctly. Results: The raters agreed on 61/70 observations (87%) (Kappa = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.55; 0.89). Of the observations with agreed ratings, 41 (67%) players were judged as performing the exercises as prescribed. Conclusions: The observational checklist demonstrated high inter-rater reliability. Many players observed did not perform the exercises as prescribed, raising concern as to whether they would be receiving anticipated program benefits. Where quality of exercise performance is important, evaluation and reporting of program fidelity should include direct observations of participants.
Linking physical education with community sport and recreation : A program for adolescent girls
- Authors: Casey, Meghan , Mooney, Amanda , Eime, Rochelle , Harvey, Jack , Smyth, John , Telford, Amanda , Payne, Warren
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Health Promotion Practice Vol. 14, no. 5 (2013), p. 721-731
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LP0990206
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The engagement of adolescent girls in physical activity (PA) is a persistent challenge. School-based PA programs have often met with little success because of the lack of linkages between school and community PA settings. The Triple G program aimed to improve PA levels of secondary school girls (12-15 years) in regional Victoria, Australia. The program included a school-based physical education (PE) component that uniquely incorporated student-centered teaching and behavioral skill development. The school component was conceptually and practically linked to a community component that emphasized appropriate structures for participation. The program was informed by ethnographic fieldwork to understand the contextual factors that affect girls' participation in PA. A collaborative intervention design was undertaken to align with PE curriculum and coaching and instructional approaches in community PA settings. The theoretical framework for the intervention was the socioecological model that was underpinned by both individual-level (social cognitive theory) and organizational-level (building organizational/community capacity) strategies. The program model provides an innovative conceptual framework for linking school PE with community sport and recreation and may benefit other PA programs seeking to engage adolescent girls. The objective of this article is to describe program development and the unique theoretical framework and curriculum approaches.
- Description: The engagement of adolescent girls in physical activity (PA) is a persistent challenge. School-based PA programs have often met with little success because of the lack of linkages between school and community PA settings. The Triple G program aimed to improve PA levels of secondary school girls (12-15 years) in regional Victoria, Australia. The program included a school-based physical education (PE) component that uniquely incorporated student-centered teaching and behavioral skill development. The school component was conceptually and practically linked to a community component that emphasized appropriate structures for participation. The program was informed by ethnographic fieldwork to understand the contextual factors that affect girls' participation in PA. A collaborative intervention design was undertaken to align with PE curriculum and coaching and instructional approaches in community PA settings. The theoretical framework for the intervention was the socioecological model that was underpinned by both individual-level (social cognitive theory) and organizational-level (building organizational/community capacity) strategies. The program model provides an innovative conceptual framework for linking school PE with community sport and recreation and may benefit other PA programs seeking to engage adolescent girls. The objective of this article is to describe program development and the unique theoretical framework and curriculum approaches. © 2012 Society for Public Health Education.
Alleviating choking : The sounds of distraction
- Authors: Mesagno, Christopher , Marchant, Daryl , Morris, Tony
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Applied Sport Psychology Vol. 21, no. 2 (2009), p. 131-147
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Choking is defined as a critical deterioration in the execution of habitual processes as a result of an elevation in anxiety levels under perceived pressure, leading to substandard performance. In the current study, music was used in a dual-task paradigm to facilitate performance under pressure. Three choking-susceptible experienced female basketball players were purposively sampled from 41 screened players. Participants completed 240 basketball free throws in a single-case A1-B1-A2-B2 design (A phases = low-pressure and B phases = high-pressure), with the music intervention occurring during the B2 phase. Following completion of the phases, an interview was conducted to examine perceptions of choking and cognitions associated with the effects of the music lyrics. Participants improved performance in the B2 phase, and explained that choking resulted from an increase in public self-awareness (S-A). The music intervention decreased S-A, and enabled participants to minimize explicit monitoring of execution and reduce general distractibility.
Competitive pressure and decision-making accuracy in a video-based simulation of soccer
- Authors: Mesagno, Christopher , Spittle, Michael , McNeil, Dominic
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at 43rd Annual Conference of the Australian Psychological Society, Hotel Grand Chancellor, Hobart, Tasmania : 23rd-26th September 2008
- Full Text: false
- Description: Perceptual-cognitive skills and decision-making in sport have typically been explored using videobased protocols in settings where participants are not exposed to the type of competitive pressures that characterise a game situation. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the influence of competitive pressure, or competitive anxiety, on decision-making accuracy. Seventy-seven (Male=44, Female=33) undergraduate students with mean age of 20.16 years (SD = 3.18) were randomly assigned to an experimental (n=56) or control group (n=21) and completed a video–based perceptual decision-making test of 25 temporally occluded offensive soccer plays. Participants in the experimental group completed the test with and without competitive pressure conditions. Pressure was manipulated by introducing a competition for a monetary prize. Participants in the control condition completed the test twice without competition. All participants completed a state anxiety measure prior to each test. The competition produced significantly higher cognitive anxiety than no competition; however, this was not reflected in any significant differences in decisionmaking accuracy. Although not statistically significant, more experienced performers tended to score more accurately with competitive pressure.
- Description: 2003007671
Transition in participation in sport and unstructured physical activity for rural living adolescent girls
- Authors: Eime, Rochelle , Payne, Warren , Casey, Meghan , Harvey, Jack
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Health Education Research Vol. 25, no. 2 (2010), p. 282–293
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Physical activity (PA) is important for lifelong health; however, participation is lower in rural compared with metropolitan areas and declines during adolescence, particularly for girls. It is likely that this decline is related to the number of life transitions that occur during adolescence. This qualitative study examined the views of active rural living girls regarding the factors affecting their sport and PA participation, using the socioecological model. Twenty-seven girls aged 16-17 from four schools participated in semi-structured focus group discussions. Content and thematic analysis was conducted from verbatim transcripts using NVivo. The girls enjoyed involvement in community club sport with friends and they reported living in communities where participation in sport was a major form of social interaction. However, the desire to succeed educationally was a critical factor affecting their participation in sport and PA and influenced their movement from structured club sport to more flexible, but socially isolated individual activities. It is recommended that future longitudinal research should track rural living adolescent females as they complete secondary school, in order to better understand the influence of educational priorities upon sport and PA participation and to identify practical strategies for both schools and community organizations to foster continuing participation throughout this crucial period of life transition.
- Description: 2003006479
Public swimming pools : Who uses them and why
- Authors: Reimers, Vaughan , Walters, Gabrielle
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Proceedings of the ANZMAC 2009 Conference p. 1-8
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Despite the importance of aquatic recreation in Australia, the role of public facilities in catering to such leisure needs has largely been ignored. Utilising a survey of patrons, this study develops a profile of users of public outdoor swimming pools and identifies the motives behind their patronage. Analysis revealed some potential access concerns, with males, older residents and the disabled being under-represented in the profile of users. Four motives behind patronage were identified: hedonic motives, convenience, pool features and staff & service.
Implementing injury surveillance systems alongside injury prevention programs: evaluation of an online surveillance system in a community setting
- Authors: Ekegren, Christina , Donaldson, Alex , Gabbe, Belinda , Finch, Caroline
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Injury Epidemiology Vol. 1, no. 1 (2014), p. 1-15
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565900
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1058737
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565907
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: BACKGROUND:Previous research aimed at improving injury surveillance standards has focused mainly on issues of data quality rather than upon the implementation of surveillance systems. There are numerous settings where injury surveillance is not mandatory and having a better understanding of the barriers to conducting injury surveillance would lead to improved implementation strategies. One such setting is community sport, where a lack of available epidemiological data has impaired efforts to reduce injury. This study aimed to i) evaluate use of an injury surveillance system following delivery of an implementation strategy; and ii) investigate factors influencing the implementation of the system in community sports clubs. METHODS:A total of 78 clubs were targeted for implementation of an online injury surveillance system (approximately 4000 athletes) in five community Australian football leagues concurrently enrolled in a pragmatic trial of an injury prevention program called FootyFirst. System implementation was evaluated quantitatively, using the RE-AIM framework, and qualitatively, via semi-structured interviews with targeted-users. RESULTS:Across the 78 clubs, there was 69% reach, 44% adoption, 23% implementation and 9% maintenance. Reach and adoption were highest in those leagues receiving concurrent support for the delivery of FootyFirst. Targeted-users identified several barriers and facilitators to implementation including personal (e.g. belief in the importance of injury surveillance), socio-contextual (e.g. understaffing and athlete underreporting) and systems factors (e.g. the time taken to upload injury data into the online system). CONCLUSIONS:The injury surveillance system was implemented and maintained by a small proportion of clubs. Outcomes were best in those leagues receiving concurrent support for the delivery of FootyFirst, suggesting that engagement with personnel at all levels can enhance uptake of surveillance systems. Interview findings suggest that increased uptake could also be achieved by educating club personnel on the importance of recording injuries, developing clearer injury surveillance guidelines, increasing club staffing and better remunerating those who conduct surveillance, as well as offering flexible surveillance systems in a range of accessible formats. By increasing the usage of surveillance systems, data will better represent the target population and increase our understanding of the injury problem, and how to prevent it, in specific settings.
A systematic review of the psychological and social benefits of participation in sport for children and adolescents: Informing development of a conceptual model of health through sport
- Authors: Eime, Rochelle , Young, Janet , Harvey, Jack , Charity, Melanie , Payne, Warren
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity Vol. 10, no. Article 98 (2013), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: There are specific guidelines regarding the level of physical activity (PA) required to provide health benefits. However, the research underpinning these PA guidelines does not address the element of social health. Furthermore, there is insufficient evidence about the levels or types of PA associated specifically with psychological health. This paper first presents the results of a systematic review of the psychological and social health benefits of participation in sport by children and adolescents. Secondly, the information arising from the systematic review has been used to develop a conceptual model.Methods: A systematic review of 14 electronic databases was conducted in June 2012, and studies published since 1990 were considered for inclusion. Studies that addressed mental and/or social health benefits from participation in sport were included.Results: A total of 3668 publications were initially identified, of which 30 met the selection criteria. There were many different psychological and social health benefits reported, with the most commonly being improved self-esteem, social interaction followed by fewer depressive symptoms. Sport may be associated with improved psychosocial health above and beyond improvements attributable to participation in PA. Specifically, team sport seems to be associated with improved health outcomes compared to individual activities, due to the social nature of the participation. A conceptual model, Health through Sport, is proposed. The model depicts the relationship between psychological, psychosocial and social health domains, and their positive associations with sport participation, as reported in the literature. However, it is acknowledged that the capacity to determine the existence and direction of causal links between participation and health is limited by the fact that the majority of studies identified (n=21) were cross-sectional.Conclusion: It is recommended that community sport participation is advocated as a form of leisure time PA for children and adolescents, in an effort to not only improve physical health in relation to such matters as the obesity crisis, but also to enhance psychological and social health outcomes. It is also recommended that the causal link between participation in sport and psychosocial health be further investigated and the conceptual model of Health through Sport tested. © 2013 Eime et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
- Description: C1