Application of various drying methods to produce enzymatically hydrolyzed porous starch granules
- Authors: Gao, Fei , Li, Dong , Bi, Chonghao , Mao, Zhihuai , Adhikari, Benu
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Drying Technology Vol. 31, no. 13-14 (2013), p. 1627-1634
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Porous starch powders were produced by hydrolyzing corn starch with a mixture of α-amylase and glucoamylase followed by drying the hydrolyzed starch by oven, spray, and vacuum freeze-drying methods. The starch granule structure, adsorption capacity, crystalline/amorphous nature, and gelatinization behavior of both the native and porous starch samples were investigated. The porosity, adsorption capacity, and thermal stability were found to be highest in the freeze-dried porous starch while the crystallinity was highest in spray-dried porous starch. This study shows that relatively heat-stable porous starch can be produced by using enzymatic hydrolysis followed by freeze drying or spray drying. The porous starch, produced in this way, can be preferably used as an adsorbent in the food, pharmaceutical, chemical, cosmetic, and agricultural industries. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
- Description: C1
Rheological and microstructural characteristics of thermally produced flaxseed gum-whey protein isolate mixed solutions and gels
- Authors: Zhang, Yu , Li, Dong , Wang, Li-jun , Adhikari, Benu
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Drying Technology Vol. 31, no. 13-14 (2013), p. 1635-1642
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The rheological, thermal gelation, and microstructural properties of flaxseed gum-whey protein isolate (WPI) mixtures were studied using steady shear viscometry, small amplitude oscillatory rheometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The concentration of flaxseed gum was varied from 0.1%-0.5% (w/w) while the concentration of WPI was maintained at 20% (w/w). The addition of flaxseed gum increased the viscosity of flaxseed gum-WPI solutions and the strength of the mixed gels. The degree of increase in gel strength was found to depend on the concentration of flaxseed gum. The gel strength of the flaxseed gum-WPI mixed gels increased with the increase of flaxseed gum at low gum concentrations (0.1%-0.3% w/w). The gel strength of these mixed gels decreased (but it was still higher than WPI only gel) at high flaxseed gum concentration (0.5% w/w) due to excessive phase separation caused by thermodynamic incompatibility. This phase separation was clearly visible in micrographs obtained from CLSM. © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
- Description: C1
The adsorption and release characteristics of CPFX in porous starch produced through different drying methods
- Authors: Gao, Fei , Li, Dong , Bi, Chonghao , Mao, Zhihuai , Adhikari, Benu
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Drying Technology Vol. 31, no. 13-14 (2013), p. 1592-1599
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The drug adsorption and release characteristics of porous starches produced through hot air drying, spray drying, and vacuum freeze drying were investigated using ciprofloxacin as model drug. A UV/visible spectrophotometer, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer, differential scanning calorimeter, and X-ray diffractometer were used to determine the drug adsorption/release, drug/starch interaction, glass transition, and crystallinity of porous starch samples. The amount of ciprofloxacin adsorbed in three different porous starches was 5.58%, 8.91%, and 11.43%, respectively. The ciprofloxacin-loaded porous starches had glass-transition-related endothermic peaks between 55°C and 65°C and melting-related endothermic peaks between 120°C and 150°C. Up to 75% of the loaded ciprofloxacin was released from the freeze-dried sample within 30 hrs. The freeze-dried porous starch also showed higher ciprofloxacin loading rate, higher glass transition temperature, and higher ciprofloxacin release rate. A two-phase dynamic drug release model was found to satisfactorily fit the release kinetics of ciprofloxacin (R2 > 0.995). © 2013 Copyright Taylor and Francis Group, LLC.
- Description: C1