Co-encapsulation and characterisation of omega-3 fatty acids and probiotic bacteria in whey protein isolate-gum Arabic complex coacervates
- Authors: Eratte, Divya , McKnight, Stafford , Gengenbach, Thomas , Dowling, Kim , Barrow, Colin , Adhikari, Benu
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Functional Foods Vol. 19, no. (2015), p. 882-892
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Omega-3 fatty acids and probiotic bacteria were co-encapsulated in a single whey protein isolate (WPI)-gum Arabic (GA) complex coacervate microcapsule. Tuna oil (0) and Lactobacillus casei 431 (P) were used as models of omega-3 and probiotic bacteria, respectively. The co-microcapsules (WPI-P-O-GA) and L. casei containing microcapsules (WPI-P-GA) were converted into powder by using spray and freeze drying. The viability of L. casei was significantly higher in WPI-P-O-GA co-microcapsules than in WPI-P-GA. The oxidative stability of tuna oil was significantly higher in spray dried co-capsules than in freeze dried ones. Crown Copyright (C) 2015 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Microencapsulation of flaxseed oil in flaxseed protein and flaxseed gum complex coacervates
- Authors: Kaushik, Pratibha , Dowling, Kim , McKnight, Stafford , Barrow, Colin , Adhikari, Benu
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Food Research International Vol. 86, no. (2016), p. 1-8
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Flaxseed oil, a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids, was microencapsulated in a novel matrix formed by complex coacervation between flaxseed protein isolate (FPI) and flaxseed gum (FG). This matrix was crosslinking with glutaraldehyde. Liquid microcapsules with three core (oil)-to-wall ratios (1:2, 1:3 and 1:4) were prepared and spray-dried or freeze-dried to produce powders. The microencapsulation efficiency, surface oil, morphology and oxidative stability of these microcapsules were determined. The spray-dried solid microcapsules had higher oil microencapsulation efficiency, lower surface oil content, smoother surface morphology and higher oxidation stability than the freeze-dried microcapsules. The highest microencapsulation efficiency obtained in spray-dried microcapsules was 87% with a surface oil of 2.78% at core-to-wall ratio 1:4 and oil load 20%. The oxidation stability obtained from spray-dried microcapsules at core-to-wall ratio of 1:4 was nearly double that of the unencapsulated flaxseed oil. © 2016 Elsevier Ltd.
Microencapsulation of omega-3 fatty acids : A review of microencapsulation and characterization methods
- Authors: Kaushik, Pratibha , Dowling, Kim , Barrow, Colin , Adhikari, Benu
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Journal of Functional Foods Vol. 19, no. Part B (2015), p. 868-881
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: To improve consumption of omega-3 fatty acids, foods can be enriched with omega-3 rich oils. Microencapsulation of omega-3 oils minimizes oxidative deterioration and allows their use in stable and easy-to-handle form. Microencapsulation of omega-3 fatty acids can be achieved by using a variety of methods, with the two most commonly used commercial processes being complex coacervation and spray dried emulsions. A variety of other methods are in development including spray chilling, extrusion coating and liposome entrapment. The key parameter in any of these processes is the selection of wall material. For spray dried emulsions and complex coacervates protein or polysaccharides are primarily used as shell material, although complex coacervation is currently commercially limited to gelatin. Here we review the need for microencapsulation of omega-3 oils, methods of microencapsulation and analysis, and the selection of shell material components. In particular, we discuss the method of complex coacervation, including its benefits and limitations. This review highlights the need for research on the fundamentals of interfacial and complexation behaviour of various proteins, gums and polyphenols to encapsulate and deliver omega-3 fatty acids, particularly with regard to broadening the range of shell materials that can be used in complex coacervation of omega-3 rich oils. © 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Microencapsulation of omega-3 fatty acids from flaxseed oil in flaxseed protein and flaxseed gum based matrix
- Authors: Kaushik, Pratibha
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
- Full Text:
- Description: The overarching goal of this research was to develop microencapsulated flaxseed oil as a plant based source of omega-3 fatty acids. To accomplish this, flaxseed oil was microencapsulated in a novel matrix composed of flaxseed protein isolate (FPI) and flaxseed gum (FG) and converted into a powder by freeze drying and spray drying. The primary objectives were: a) To evaluate the physicochemical and functional properties of FPI and FG; b) to optimise the process of complex coacervation between FPI and FG to maximise the yield of complex coacervates; c) to characterise the flaxseed oil microcapsules obtained through complex coacervation followed by freeze drying or spray drying. FPI and FG were extracted from whole flaxseeds at optimised temperatures to obtain 90% purity. The physicochemical and functional properties of FPI were found superior to most of the commonly used proteins. Lower extraction temperatures (30, 50 °C) of FG yielded higher levels of neutral monosaccharides and lower levels of acidic monosaccharides. The functional properties of FG, such as EAI and WAC, were negatively affected by the rise in extraction temperature. Electrostatic complexation studies between these two biopolymers showed that the optimum FPI-to-FG ratio is 3:1 and the optimum pH is 3.1. The complex coacervates of FPI-FG were used to microencapsulate flaxseed oil at different core to wall ratios (1:2, 1:3 and 1:4), and converted to powder through spray drying and freeze drying. The spray dried solid microcapsules had higher oil microencapsulation efficiency, lower surface oil content and higher oxidation stability compared to the freeze dried microcapsules. The oxidation stability obtained from spray dried microcapsules at core-to-wall ratio of 1:4 was nearly double to that of the unencapsulated flaxseed oil. This study affirms the potential of a solely plant based encapsulating matrix that returns superior nutritional outcomes to other commonly used wall materials.
- Description: Doctor of Philosophy