A new Australian record of a Parajapidae (Diplura): A potential pest of wheat
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope , Luan, Yun-Xia
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Soil Research Vol. 56, no. 7 (2018), p. 657-663
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Parajapyx isabellae (Grassi, 1886) is recorded for the first time from Australia. It is a cosmopolitan soil species found in Europe, North and South America and Asia. Womersley last studied Australian Parajapygidae 80 years ago, listing a single endemic species for the genus Parajapyx Silvestri, 1903, sensu stricta. In 2017, an unidentified Parajapyx was found in deep soil under wheat in winter, spring and summer at Harden, New South Wales, in a long-term tillage trial. It was most abundant in the minimum tillage/stubble retained plots in soil below 5 cm but rarely observed in the conventionally tilled/stubble burned plots. The same field experiment was sampled five times using the same methods over 3 years from 1993-95 but no specimens of Diplura were collected. The specimens were identified as P. isabellae using morphology and confirmed with the DNA barcoding sequence data. Most species of Parajapygidae are carnivores feeding on small arthropods but there are records from North America, Europe and Hawaii of P. isabellae feeding on roots of wheat and other agricultural crops. We provide here illustrations of species P. isabellae so that crop scientists in Australia are aware of the potential pest and can identify it. Sequence data indicate that the population may have originated from two sources.
A new species of Friesea (Collembola: Neanuridae) from the Antarctic Continent
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Natural History Vol. 52, no. 33-34 (2018), p. 2197-2207
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- Description: A new species of Friesea was found in East Antarctica and is described here as Friesea eureka sp. nov. This is the first new collembolan species to be described from the Antarctic continent in 30 years, even though ice-free areas have been intensively surveyed over that time. It brings to five the number of described species of the genus Friesea known from the Antarctic continent and Peninsula, so is the most speciose genus of Collembola in the region. However, one of these, F. grisea Schäffer, comprises a number of cryptic species of different molecular lineages. The new species is distinguished by having 4 + 4 ocelli plus 1 + 1 hardly visible, a very reduced furca, up to four or five faintly clavate tenent hairs, four anal spines and four spinose chaetae in adult. The restricted distribution of the species emphasises the importance of protecting ice-free areas on the continent as they often contain at least one locally endemic faunal species.
A new species of Metacoelura (Collembola: Paronellidae) from Australia, and redescription of Metacoelura articulata
- Authors: Ma, Yitong , Zhao, Chun , Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Zootaxa Vol. 4105, no. 4 (2016), p. 381-388
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LP0990309
- Full Text: false
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- Description: The genus Metacoelura Salmon, 1951 is unusual as it possesses some characters typical of the family Entomobryidae and others of the Paronellidae. Three species and subspecies have been described, all from Australasian tropical regions. Me-tacoelura articulata is redescribed and a new species, Metacoelura majeri sp. nov., is described based on material collec-ted in Australia. A key to species of the genus is provided. Copyright © 2016 Magnolia Press.
A new species of Troglopedetes Joseph, 1872 with eyes (Collembola, Paronellidae) from a Christmas Island Cave, Australia
- Authors: Cipola, Nikolas , Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Zootaxa Vol. 5239, no. 4 (2023), p. 563-577
- Full Text: false
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- Description: A new species of Troglopedetes Joseph from a Christmas Island Cave, Australia is described and illustrated here. Troglopedetes eberhardi sp. nov. resembles other species by presence of eyes and dorsal chaetotaxy of the second thoracic segment to third abdominal segment, but differs in head chaetotaxy, fourth abdominal segment and elongated unguis median tooth, which character is documented here in the genus for the first time. A comparison and identification key for all eyed species is provided. This is the first record of Troglopedetes for Australia and the genus now has 37 nominal species, of which nine have eyes. Copyright © 2023 Magnolia Press.
A note on scale morphology in Collembola
- Authors: Hawes, Timothy , Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Zootaxa Vol. 3925, no. 4 (2015), p. 594-596
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Many Collembola (e.g. Entomobryidae: Tomoceridae) are characterised by a ‘clothing’ (sensu Salmon 1941) of scales. These scales confer a metallic-silver colour, which, when the scales catch the light, renders an iridescence to the surface of these hexapods. The functional significance of these scales is incompletely understood, although there is some evidence that they contribute to predator evasion (Bauer & Pfeiffer 1991). Their presence or absence is a fundamental taxonomic character for many genera, while more specifically, their morphology has been widely used as a species-specific character since the first studies in Collembola systematics (Beck 1873; Salmon 1941). From an evolutionary perspective, scales represent a derivation of cuticular setae (André 1988) that has been adopted independently by different taxa. For example, a study by Zhang et al. (2014) has recently demonstrated the independent origin of scales at least five times in the family Entomobryidae. This note briefly draws attention to previously unrecognised complexity in scale presence and architecture in Collembola at the level of individual species. An informed recognition of this complexity is recommended for future taxonomy.
A revision of the genus Lepidobrya Womersley (Collembola: Entomobryidae) based on morphology and sequence data of the genotype
- Authors: Zhang, Feng , Greenslade, Penelope , Stevens, Mark
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Zootaxa Vol. 4221, no. 5 (2017), p. 523-536
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- Description: The genus Lepidobrya Womersley, previously placed in Willowsiini, is re-diagnosed based on a redescription of the type species L. mawsoni (Tillyard) and its DNA barcode. Specimens possess narrow, pointed scales on the dens, two inner teeth on unguis, a truncate unguiculus with an outer tooth, a bidentate mucro with a basal spine and ordinary tergal S-chaetae 2, 2 vertical bar 1, 2, 2, ?, 3, so belongs to the Entomobryinae. Its systematic position and relationships to other scaled Entomobryinae genera are discussed and comments are made on the distribution of the genus as well as on ecology.
A synthesis of the current knowledge on the Australian Orchesellidae (Collembola, Entomobryoidea)
- Authors: Bellini, Bruno , Greenslade, Penelope , Baquero, Enrique , Jordana, Rafael , De Souza, Paolla
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Zootaxa Vol. 5115, no. 2 (2022), p. 221-257
- Full Text: false
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- Description: The Australian Orchesellidae includes only 11 nominal species in four genera: Australotomurus Stach, 1947, Alloscopus Börner, 1906, Heteromurus Wankel, 1860, and Falcomurus Mandal, 2018. Here we describe Dicranocentrus dolosus sp. nov. from Cocos and Keeling Islands, the first species of the genus to be recorded from Australia. The new species is similar to D. inermodentes (Uchida, 1944) and D. indicus Bonet, 1930, but differs from both by the combination of the ventral head, mesothoracic and dental chaetotaxy. We also revisit Australotomurus based on previous studies to better interpret the dorsal macrochaetotaxy of the genus, and provide a synthetic map of chaetae to guide future studies on scaleless Orchesellidae. Finally, we present updated diagnoses to all genera and species of Australian Orchesellidae, as well as an identification key to all species. © 2022 Magnolia Press.
An annotated checklist of the Collembola (Hexapoda) from Iran
- Authors: Mayvan, Mahmood , Greenslade, Penelope , Sadeghi-Namaghi, Hussein
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Zootaxa Vol. 5275, no. 1 (2023), p.
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Based on available literature sources, we have listed the genera and species of springtails (Collembola) of Iran located in Southwest Asia. In total, 301 named species of Collembola are listed in catalogue. This includes 286 described species in 109 genera from 20 families recorded from Iran. Of them, 15 species are also considered as dubious species. It also includes 15 genera whose species are still unknown. Information about biology, geographical distribution, ecology, authorship records for different provinces, and bibliographical data of Iranian Collembola are included. Copyright © 2023 Magnolia Press.
An antarctic biogeographical anomaly resolved: the true identity of a widespread species of Collembola
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Polar Biology Vol. 41, no. 5 (2018), p. 969-981
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Springtails and mites are the most abundant and species rich micro arthropods in the Antarctic and species tend to be short-range endemics. It was thought that the Springtail (Collembola), Friesea grisea (Schäffer) was an exception. It was described briefly nearly 150 years ago from South Georgia and has not been redescribed from the type locality since. However, published localities include the South Shetland Islands, the Antarctic Peninsula, Enderby Land, Marguerite Bay and South and North Victoria Land suggesting that it is unusually widespread. Recent sequence data have indicated that some Antarctic populations could be putative species but individuals were allegedly morphologically identical. No sequence data were available for South Georgian specimens. These results suggested that a new examination of the South Georgian species’ morphology was needed in order to resolve the anomalous biogeographic patterns. I here redescribe F. grisea from South Georgia and show that it has subtle morphological characters that distinguish it from Antarctic individuals allowing it to be unambiguously distinguished from all known Antarctic populations. Consequently, Friesea antarctica is taken out of synonymy with F. grisea. These results emphasise the endemism of Antarctic faunas and allows more targeted conservation planning, especially for short-range endemic species located in likely refugia during glacial periods. Descriptions of putative species from the Continental populations are currently in progress. A new Friesea species from South Georgia, F. fantaba, is also described here. The genus Friesea is now the most species-rich genus of terrestrial arthropods in both the Antarctic and subantarctic and includes twelve species.
Arboreal springtails in Tasmanian rainforests
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: The Tasmanian Naturalist Vol. 138, no. (2016), p.
- Full Text: false
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Auditing revegetated catchments in southern Australia : decomposition rates and collembolan species assemblages
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope , Bell, Lesa , Florentine, Singarayer
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Soil organisms Vol. 83, no. 3 (2011), p. 433-450
- Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LP0990642
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Major government funds have been allocated to revegetation of degraded catchments in Australia in order to enhance biodiversity, protect stock and improve water quality. However, the success or otherwise of the different restoration practices used has not been assessed. To redress this deficiency we audited these practices by measuring biotic and abiotic variables in two field surveys, one at a landscape scale and the second at a local scale. The landscape survey comprised 21 sites in western Victoria, a third of the sites were revegetated and were between 8 and 12 years old, a third carried remnant native vegetation and a third were degraded and not revegetated. In the local survey the results of the landscape survey were tested by sampling sites within a small area using the same methods but including pine plantations as an untreated site. Here we report on density and species composition of soil and surface active fauna. native and exotic Collembola and decomposition rates as measured with bait laminae. Fifty seven species of Collembola were found on the landscape survey and 47 on the local survey. Densities ranged from 17,000 to 45,000 m-2 in soil. In both the surveys we found decomposition was directly related to soil moisture and in the landscape survey exotic Collembola (Hypogastrura and Ceratophysella spp) to abundance of exotic grass species. MDS analysis of soil Collembola in the landscape survey placed remnant sites separate from the revegetated sites and untreated sites. which tended to cluster together. A suite of nine native Collembola species were found exclusively on remnant sites in the landscape survey. In the local survey, the revegetated sites. here with a ground cover of native not exotic grasses, were found to have nine characterising species, four of which were the same indicators as in the landscape survey. The pine plantations were dominated by acidophil exotic Collembola species. MDS analysis of pitfall data in local survey placed all sites in the same space, except for one remnant because of domination by the same exotic species as in the landscape survey. In contrast. MDS of the soil-core data separated all three treatments with the revegetated sites occupying the space between the remnants and the pines as in the landscape survey. When exotic species were removed. there was spatial separation of each treatment. We conclude that. in some circumstances, soil fauna of revegetated sites can develop characteristics of remnant sites in terms of native Collembola even after only 8 to 12 years. The bait lamina method must be used with caution as it is strongly influenced by soil moisture.
- Description: Major government funds have been allocated to revegetation of degraded catchments in Australia in order to enhance biodiversity, protect stock and improve water quality. However, the success or otherwise of the different restoration practices used has not been assessed. To redress this deficiency we audited these practices by measuring biotic and abiotic variables in two field surveys, one at a landscape scale and the second at a local scale. The landscape survey comprised 21 sites in western Victoria, a third of the sites were revegetated and were between 8 and 12 years old, a third carried remnant native vegetation and a third were degraded and not revegetated. In the local survey the results of the landscape survey were tested by sampling sites within a small area using the same methods but including pine plantations as an untreated site. Here we report on density and species composition of soil and surface active fauna. native and exotic Collembola and decomposition rates as measured with bait laminae. Fifty seven species of Collembola were found on the landscape survey and 47 on the local survey. Densities ranged from 17,000 to 45,000 m
Australian springtails : Tiny titans of the earth
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Wildlife Australia Vol. 51, no. 1 (2014), p. 9-13
- Full Text: false
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- Description: They are champion leapers and diligent composters, living beneath your feet. Meet Australia's springtails with zoologist Penelope Greenslade.
Biases encountered in long-term monitoring studies of invertebrates and microflora : Australian examples of protocols, personnel, tools and site location
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope , Florentine, Singarayer , Hansen, Birgita , Gell, Peter
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Vol. 188, no. 8 (2016), p. 1-9
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Monitoring forms the basis for understanding ecological change. It relies on repeatability of methods to ensure detected changes accurately reflect the effect of environmental drivers. However, operator bias can influence the repeatability of field and laboratory work. We tested this for invertebrates and diatoms in three trials: (1) two operators swept invertebrates from heath vegetation, (2) four operators picked invertebrates from pyrethrum knockdown samples from tree trunk and (3) diatom identifications by eight operators in three laboratories. In each trial, operators were working simultaneously and their training in the field and laboratory was identical. No variation in catch efficiency was found between the two operators of differing experience using a random number of net sweeps to catch invertebrates when sequence, location and size of sweeps were random. Number of individuals and higher taxa collected by four operators from tree trunks varied significantly between operators and with their ‘experience ranking’. Diatom identifications made by eight operators were clustered together according to which of three laboratories they belonged. These three tests demonstrated significant potential bias of operators in both field and laboratory. This is the first documented case demonstrating the significant influence of observer bias on results from invertebrate field-based studies. Examples of two long-term trials are also given that illustrate further operator bias. Our results suggest that long-term ecological studies using invertebrates need to be rigorously audited to ensure that operator bias is accounted for during analysis and interpretation. Further, taxonomic harmonisation remains an important step in merging field and laboratory data collected by different operators. © 2016, Springer International Publishing Switzerland.
Biogeographical and ecological insights from Australasian faunas : the megadiverse collembolan genus, entomobrya (entomobryidae)
- Authors: Jordana, Rafael , Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Zootaxa Vol. 4770, no. 1 (2020), p. 1-104
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Originally the genus Entomobrya (Collembola: Entomobryidae) comprised 25 species names in Australia including 7 subspecies of which 13 were exotic (50%) and the rest native. All native species had been either described by H. Schött or H. Womersley and had not been examined since 1942. Specific characters they used were few, mainly colour pattern and gross morphological features such as unguis, unguis teeth and mucronal form. Chaetotaxic characters have now been developed. We now here recognise 47 species of Australian Entomobrya and Hymalanura based on a large collection made over 50 years. Six species (12%) are now recognised as introduced, 37 are new and three unresolved because of lack of specimens in good condition. Detailed descriptions and figures are supplied. Several new species are short-range endemics of conservation significance, others are specialised as to habitat, but most are widespread. Entomobrya is now the most species rich genus of Australian Collembola. A phylogenetic tree based on morphological and biological characters revealed clusters of exotic and montane habitat specialists, indicating that the genus is paraphyletic and so confirms other authors' work based on molecular characters. A key is supplied to Australian genera of Entomobryomorpha. A new genus record, Himalanura, is recognised extending its range to the Southern Hemisphere and 5,000 km further southeast. © 2020 Magnolia Press.
Biology and key to the Australian species of Hypogastura and Ceratophysella (Collembola: Hypogastruridae)
- Authors: Ireson, John , Skarzynski, Dariusz , Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Austral Entomology Vol. 53, no. 74 (2013), p. 53-74
- Full Text: false
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- Description: The family Hypogastruridae is represented by nine genera in Australia, three of which: Mesogastrura Bonet, Hypogastrura Bourlet and Ceratophysella Börner, consist only of species that have been probably introduced from Europe within the last 250 years, with the exception of a new species described here. All species in these three genera are typical of, and abundant in, disturbed habitats. The 11 species currently recorded from Australia in Hypogastrura and Ceratophysella are C. communis (Folsom, 1897), C. denticulata (Bagnall, 1941), C. gibbosa (Bagnall, 1940), C. succinea (Gisin, 1949), Hypogastrura assimilis (Krausbauer, 1898), H. distincta (Axelson, 1902), H. manubrialis (Tullberg, 1869), H. purpurescens (Lubbock, 1867, H. vernalis (Carl, 1901) and H. viatica (Tullberg, 1872), and a new species C. pauciseta sp. nov. Ceratophysella communis was misidentified in some published literature as C. engadinensis Gisin, 1949. Although C. communis is confirmed as occurring in Australia, there now seems to be no evidence that C. engadinensis occurs here, and the name H. denticulata may include more than one species. An illustrated dichotomous key and description is given here for all Australian species of Hypogastrura and Ceratophysella, and their distributions and habitats documented. Their value as indicators of disturbed habitats in Australia is discussed. Collembola in general have been shown to have a positive influence on nutrient cycling. It is not known what contribution Hypogastrura and Ceratophysella make to Australian arable and grazing systems in this respect, but it may be considerable because of their abundance.
Biology, affinity and description of an unusual aquatic new genus and species of isotomidae (collembola) from high altitude lakes in Tasmania
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope , Potapov, Mikhail
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: European Journal of Entomology Vol. 112, no. 2 (2015), p. 334-343
- Full Text: false
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- Description: A new species of Isotomidae (Collembola) was collected from submerged stones on the edge of nine lakes on Tasmania's Central Highland Plateau. Because it did not comply fully with the characters of any existing genus, a new genus, Chionobora gen. n. is erected for it here. An Antarctic species, Desoria klovstadi (Carpenter), has characters which conform with the new genus so is formally transferred to the new genus here. The Antarctic Continent and Tasmania were last in proximity 60 million years b.p. so it is suggested both species are relicts persisting in probable ice-free refugia during glacial cycles. Gut contents of specimens of the new species exclusively contained diatoms in various stages of digestion and the species appears to graze on aquatic macrophytes, a feeding habit not recorded before for Collembola. We note the high numbers of endemic invertebrate taxa of restricted distributions in cold habitats of southern regions compared to warmer regions and stress their conservation values and threats to their populations.
Challenging species delimitation in Collembola: cryptic diversity among common springtails unveiled by DNA barcoding
- Authors: Porco, David , Bedòs, Anne , Greenslade, Penelope , Janion, Charlene , Skarzynski, Dariusz , Stevens, Mark , van Vuuren, Bettine , Deharveng, Louis
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Invertebrate Systematics Vol. 26, no. 6 (2012), p. 470-477
- Full Text: false
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- Description: Collembola is one of the major functional groups in soil as well as a model taxon in numerous disciplines. Therefore the accurate identification of specimens is critical, but could be jeopardised by cases of cryptic diversity. Several populations of six well characterised species of springtails were sequenced using the COI barcode fragment as a contribution to the global Collembola barcoding campaign. Each species showed high intraspecific divergence, comparable to interspecific sequence divergence values observed in previous studies and in 10 congeneric species barcoded here as a reference. The nuclear marker, 28S, confirmed all the intraspecific lineages found with COI, supporting the potential specific status of these entities. The implications of this finding for taxonomy and for disciplines relying on species names, such as evolution and ecology, are discussed.
- Description: C1
Challenging species delimitation in Collembola: Cryptic diversity among common springtails unveiled by DNA barcoding
- Authors: Porco, David , Bedòs, Anne , Greenslade, Penelope , Janion, Charlene , Skar , Stevens, Mark , Jansen van Vuuren, Bettine , Deharveng, Louis
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Invertebrate Systematics Vol. 26, no. 6 (2012), p. 470-477
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Collembola is one of the major functional groups in soil as well as a model taxon in numerous disciplines. Therefore the accurate identification of specimens is critical, but could be jeopardised by cases of cryptic diversity. Several populations of six well characterised species of springtails were sequenced using the COI barcode fragment as a contribution to the global Collembola barcoding campaign. Each species showed high intraspecific divergence, comparable to interspecific sequence divergence values observed in previous studies and in 10 congeneric species barcoded here as a reference. The nuclear marker, 28S, confirmed all the intraspecific lineages found with COI, supporting the potential specific status of these entities. The implications of this finding for taxonomy and for disciplines relying on species names, such as evolution and ecology, are discussed.
Changes in dominance of dipteran families on Coral Sea cays over ten years during a period of substantial vegetation change
- Authors: Rich, Deborah , Greenslade, Penelope , Bickel, Dan
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Northern Territory Naturalist Vol. 25, no. (2014), p. 64-76
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The habitat on the Coringa-Herald group of coral cays within the northern Coral Sea underwent profound change after about 2000 because of extensive dieback of the dominant forest trees. This work summarises surveys on these cays in 1995, 1996, 1997 and 2007, in order to understand the effect on the native insect fauna of the introduced biological control agent, the non-specific predatory ladybird beetle Cryptolaemus montrouzieri (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), that was liberated to control scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccidae) whose infestation was responsible for the dieback of the forest trees. This paper documents the families of Diptera (flies) collected on the surveys and it records changes in presence and abundance of Chloropidae, Phoridae, Sarcophagidae, Canacidae, Lonchaeidae and Chironomidae sampled in pitfall traps and yellow pans. Despite some differences in collecting methods and seasons between surveys, there is evidence of substantial changes in the presence and relative abundance of these families. The decline of several families on Coringa Cay and on North East Herald Cay between 1995/96 and 2007 could be the result of a trophic cascade of species loss following tree dieback. One of the most conspicuous changes was that Chloropidae increased on North East Herald Cay between 1997 and 2007 following increases in populations of scale insects, but chloropids are not thought to have had a direct role in the control of scale insects.
Collembola fauna of the South Shetland Islands revisited
- Authors: Greenslade, Penelope
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Antarctic Science Vol. 22, no. (2010), p. 233-242
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: A review of the collembolan fauna of the South Shetland Islands is presented. Cryptopygus nanjiensis Yue & Tamura is synonymized with C. antarcticus Willem. A record of Tullbergia mediantarctica Wise from King George Island is considered a misidentification of Tullbergia mixta Wahlgren and Tillieria penai Weiner & Najt, described from the same island, is synonymized with T. mixta. The current fauna stands at eleven species, of which at least three are introduced. A checklist of Collembola currently considered to occur in the South Shetland Islands is supplied with distributional data.