A multitrait-multisource confirmatory factor analytic approach to the construct validity of ADHD and ODD rating scales with Malaysian children
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Burns, Leonard , Walsh, James , Hafetz, Nina
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology Vol. 33, no. 2 (2005), p. 241-254
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to model a multitrait by multisource matrix to determine the convergent and discriminant validity of measures of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-inattention (IN), ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in 917 Malaysian elementary school children. The three trait factors were ADHD-IN, ADHD-HI, and ODD. The two source factors were parents and teachers. Similar to earlier studies with Australian and Brazilian children, the parent and teacher measures failed to show convergent and discriminant validity with Malaysian children. The study outlines the implications of such strong source effects in ADHD-IN, ADHD-HI, and ODD measures for the use of such parent and teacher scales to study the symptom dimensions. © 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001246
A multitrait-multisource confirmatory factor analytic approach to the construct validity of ADHD rating scales
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Burns, Leonard , Walsh, James , De Moura, Marcela Alves
- Date: 2003
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Psychological Assessment Vol. 15, no. 1 (2003), p. 3-16
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Confirmatory factor analysis was used to model a multitrait-multisource design to evaluate the construct validity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rating scales. The 2 trait factors were the ADHD inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity dimensions. The 2 source factors were parents and teachers. In Study 1, parents and teachers rated 1,475 Australian elementary school children on the ADHD symptoms. In Study 2, parents and teachers rated 285 Brazilian elementary school children on the ADHD symptoms. Similar results occurred in both studies with most of the ADHD symptoms containing more source than trait variance, thus providing weak evidence for the convergent and discriminant validity of the symptoms as measured by rating scales. The study outlines the implications of such strong source effects for understanding ADHD.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000493
ADHD and hyperkinetic disorder symptoms in Australian adults : Descriptive scores, incidence rates, factor structure, and gender invariance
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Attention Disorders Vol. 20, no. 4 (2016), p. 325-334
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: OBJECTIVE: ADHD and Hyperkinetic Disorder (HKD) have the same 18 symptoms, covering inattention (IA), hyperactivity (HYP), and impulsivity (IMP). This study was aimed at providing descriptive scores for the different symptom groups in these disorders and how these scores varied by age and gender, the percentages of individuals meeting the symptom thresholds for the different ADHD types and HKD, the factor structure, and gender invariance of these symptoms in adults. METHOD: To accomplish this, 852 adults provided self-ratings for a scale comprising the 18 ADHD/HKD symptoms. RESULTS: The findings showed that age and gender had minimal effects on the ADHD symptoms. Also, in terms of symptom counts, 2% had HKD and 6.3% had ADHD (inattentive = 1.6%, hyperactive-impulsive = 2.7%, and combined type = 2.0%). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) provided most support for the three-factor HKD model, involving separate factors for the IA, HYP, and IMP symptoms. This model showed full measurement invariance across gender. CONCLUSION: The theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed.
ADHD and personality : A meta-analytic review
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Corr, Philip
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Clinical Psychology Review Vol. 34, no. 5 (2014), p. 376-788
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: We report a meta-analysis of up to 40 data sets that examined the personality dimensions in the Five-Factor Model (FFM) and the integrated Five-Factor Model (IFFM) in relation to ADHD symptom domains of inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI). The IFFM incorporated the dimensions of other personality models (in particular, those of Eysenck, Tellegen, and Cloninger, as well as the FFM). Major findings were: (1) IA and HI were both associated with low conscientious inhibition/conscientiousness, and low agreeable inhibition/agreeableness, and with high negative emotionality/neuroticism; (2) conscientious inhibition and conscientiousness were more strongly related to IA than HI; (3) agreeable inhibition and agreeableness were more strongly related to HI than IA; and (4) the association of conscientious inhibition and conscientiousness with HI was moderated by age group and source from where participants were recruited (associations were stronger in children than adults, and clinical samples than community samples). These findings are discussed in relation to single and multiple pathway theories, underlying factors and processes for the personality-ADHD link, and clinical implications.
ADHD bifactor model based on parent and teacher ratings of Malaysian children
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Asian Journal of Psychiatry Vol. 8, no. 1 (2014), p. 47-51
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
Adolescent popularity : distinct profiles and associations with excessive internet usage and interpersonal sensitivity
- Authors: Stavropoulos, Vasileios , Barber, Emily , de Sena Collier, Gabriel , Snodgrass, Jeffrey , Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Child Psychiatry and Human Development Vol. 53, no. 6 (2022), p. 1097-1109
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Peer popularity constitutes a pivotal developmental task to adolescents’ current and future adaptation. This study identified distinct adolescent popularity profiles and explored their links with excessive Internet usage and interpersonal sensitivity. The sample included 2090 students attending Greek high schools (Mage = 16.16, SD = 0.91). Their popularity was measured via self-report and peer sociometric means. They also responded to the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the Interpersonal Sensitivity subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R). A sequence of latent profile analysis, ANOVAs and linear regression models were performed. Three distinct popularity profiles were revealed: the “Average Confident” (68.4%), the “Socially Vulnerable” (26.8%), and the “Insecure Bi-Strategic” (4.8%). These profiles did not significantly vary regarding their Internet usage and interpersonal sensitivity behaviours. Interestingly, lower self-perceived popularity predicted higher interpersonal sensitivity, whereas higher actual popularity predicted excessive Internet use. Findings have important implications for student-tailored mental health prevention and intervention practices. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Adolescent pornography use : A systematic literature review of research trends 2000-2017
- Authors: Alexandraki, Kyriaki , Stavropoulos, Vasileios , Anderson, Emma , Latifi, Mohammad , Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Current Psychiatry Reviews Vol. 14, no. 1 (2018), p. 47-58
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Pornography Use (PU) has been defined as the viewing of explicit materials in the form of pictures and videos, in which people are performing intercourse with clearly exposed and visible genitals. The prevalence of PU has increased dramatically among adolescents, partly attributed to the wide availability of such online material. Objective: The aim of this systematic literature review is to map the research interest in the field and to examine whether statistically significant results have emerged from the areas of research focus. Methods: To address these aims: a) the PRISMA guidelines are adopted and; b) an integrative conceptualization (derived from the merging of two widely accepted models of understanding of Internet use behaviours) was introduced to guide the synthesis of the findings. Results: In total, 57 studies were integrated into the present literature review. Findings were concep-tualized/ classified into individual, contextual and activity factors related to PU in adolescence. In that context, individual associated factors, such as development, victimization, mental health and religiosity, appear to have primarily captivated research interest demonstrating significant relationships with adolescent PU. Conclusion: Results indicate that more research focus on contextual and activity related factors is required to improve the level of understanding of adolescent PU and to inform a more holistic conceptual framework of understanding of the phenomenon during adolescence that could potentially guide future research.
Agreement of adolescent ratings with mother ratings and teacher ratings of ADHD symptom groups: A correlated trait-correlated method minus one analysis
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Gomez, Andre
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 82, no. (2015), p. 131-135
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: This study examined the level of agreement of adolescent ratings with mother ratings, and adolescent ratings with teacher ratings of the inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) symptom groups of ADHD. A total of 214 adolescents provided self-ratings of IA and HI, and their IA and HI were also rated by their mothers and teachers. The correlated trait-correlated method minus one model was applied, with adolescent ratings as the reference method, and the other two ratings as the non-reference methods. The findings indicated no additional variance in adolescent ratings for IA and HI that could not be accounted by mother ratings of IA and HI, respectively. In contrast, there was additional variance in adolescent ratings for IA and HI that could was not accounted by teacher ratings of IA and HI, respectively. The findings suggest that when diagnosing ADHD in adolescents, their reports of their own ADHD behaviors are not needed when mother reports of such behaviors are used. © 2015.
An item response theory analysis of measures of the behavioural activation and inhibition systems
- Authors: Cooper, Andrew , Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Psychology Vol. 39, no. 5-6 (Oct-Dec 2004), p. 194-194
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: C1
An item response theory analysis of the Carver and White (1994) BIS/BAS Scales
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Cooper, Andrew , Gomez, Andre
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 39, no. 6 (2005), p. 1093-1103
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The Carver and White BIS/BAS Scales comprise a scale for measuring behavioural inhibition sensitivity and three scales for measuring the behavioural activation sensitivity factors of reward responsiveness, drive and fun seeking. Item response theory (IRT), using Samejima's (1969) graded response model, was used to examine the psychometric properties of these four scales. A total of 520 adult participants completed the BIS/BAS Scales. Although all items in all four scales were reasonably effective in discriminating their respective traits, they provided good measures of their respective latent traits from only moderately low to moderately high trait levels. Also, the category response curves for the first three of the four response options for the items in the reward responsiveness scale showed considerable overlap. These findings suggest some limitations in the psychometric qualities of the BIS/BAS Scale. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001244
Analysis of the convergent and discriminant validity of the CBCL, TRF, and YSR in a clinic-referred sample
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Vance, Alasdair , Gomez, Rashika
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology Vol. 42, no. 8 (2014), p. 1413-1425
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: This study used the correlated trait-correlated method minus one model to examine the convergent and discriminant validity of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Teacher's Report Form (TRF) and Youth Self-Report (YSR), based on ratings of clinic-referred adolescents. A total of 294 adolescents, comprising 70.5 % males, provided self-ratings on the YSR. The adolescents were also rated by their mothers and teachers on the CBCL and TRF respectively. The findings indicated some support for convergent validity for the CBCL and TRF for Anxious/Depressed, Withdrawn/Depressed and Rule Breaking Behavior, and for the convergent validity for the CBCL and YSR for Rule Breaking Behavior. There was support for the discriminant validity between virtually all the traits. The findings are discussed in relation to the construct validity, cross-informant agreement, and clinical use of the CBCL, TRF and YSR.
Association of fear of negative evaluation with performance anxiety : mediation by negative self-statements and moderation by positive self-statements during performance in adults
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Watson, Shaun , Brown, Taylor
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment Vol. 45, no. 3 (2023), p. 650-658
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Using individual differences constructs, the current study used cross-sectional data to examine the mediating role of negative self-statements during public speaking on the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and public speaking anxiety (a type of performance anxiety), and how this relationship was moderated by positive self-statements during public performance. The sample comprised 319 adults (men = 105, women = 214) from the general Australian community, with ages ranging from 18 years to 65 years. All participants completed questionnaires covering the different study variables. The findings showed that there was partial mediation by negative self-statements on the relationship between fear of negative evaluation and performance anxiety. There were also moderation effects by positive self-statements for this relationship. Additionally, moderation by positive self-statements was evident at all levels of positive self-statements. The theoretical and clinical implications of the findings for public speaking anxiety are discussed. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Associations between comorbid stress and internet gaming disorder symptoms : are there cultural and gender variations?
- Authors: Andreetta, Jesse , Teh Msc, Justin , Burleigh, Tyrone , Gomez, Rapson , Stavropoulos, Vasileios
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Asia-Pacific Psychiatry Vol. 12, no. 2 (2020), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Introduction: The American Psychiatric Association has requested additional studies examine risk, protective, and cultural factors in relation to Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD). The present study aimed to explore the association between stress as a potential IGD risk effect, the possible exacerbating role of cultural orientation (vertical individualism [VI]), and how this may vary between genders. Methods: The sample included adult gamers from the USA, UK, and Australia. Analyses were conducted via linear regression, moderation, and moderated moderation. Results: The results suggested that higher stress symptoms act to increase IGD risk. Gender and VI also influenced this association. Discussion: Males presenting with higher levels of stress and VI were at greater risk of IGD compared to females who exhibited a reduction in IGD-related behaviors. This demonstrates a need for more research to determine how culture and gender can act to mitigate or worsen the risks associated with excessive gaming. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd
Associations of behavioral inhibition system with negatively biased social cognitions : moderation by the behavioral approach system
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Watson, Shaun , Stavropoulos, Vasileios
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 166, no. (2020), p.
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Using the behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral approach system (BAS) subscales of the BIS/BAS Scales (Carver & White, 1994), this study examined how the association of the BIS and the negatively biased social cognitions of social comparison, social ineptness, negative self-statements, and fear of negative evaluation, were moderated by BAS-Drive and BAS-Reward Responsiveness. A total of 302 (males = 101, females = 201) adults (age ranging from 18 to 65 years) from the general community completed questionnaires covering the different study variables. The findings indicted moderation by BAS-D for the predictions of social comparison, social ineptness, and negative self-statements, and moderation by BAS-RR for the predictions of social ineptness, negative self-statements, and fear of negative evaluation. For moderation effects, moderation was present at lower levels of BAS-D, and at higher levels of BAS-RR. © 2020
Associations of reinforcement sensitivity theory personality constructs, cognitive biases for negative and threatening social information, and social anxiety
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Watson, Shaun , Stavropoulos, Vasileios , Typuszak, Natasha
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Current Psychology Vol. 42, no. 17 (2023), p. 14159-14170
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Using Kimbrel’s (2008) mediation model of social anxiety as a theoretical framework, the primary aim of the current study was to use path analysis to examine how biased cognitions for negative and threatening social information mediated the relationships for the personality constructs of the reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) with generalized and specific social anxiety (target mediation model). A secondary aim was to examine reverse mediation testing (RMT) models, in which the social anxiety constructs were viewed as mediating the relations between RST constructs and biased social cognition constructs. Methods: A total of 302 (males = 101, females = 201) adults (age ranging from 18 to 65 years) from the general community completed questionnaires measuring the behavioral inhibition system/fight-flight-freeze system (BIS/FFFS), the behavioral approach system (BAS), social comparison (SC), social ineptness (SI), and generalized and specific social anxiety. Results: The findings for the target mediation model showed that there was support for indirect effects for the BIS/FFFS and the BAS on generalized and specific social anxiety through SC and SI. For the RMT model, there was support for the indirect effect of the RST constructs with SI through generalized social anxiety. However, specific generalized anxiety did not mediate the relations of the BIS/FFFS and BAS to SC. Conclusions: The findings highlight the importance of cognitive therapy that targets SC and SI in the treatment of social anxiety, especially among those with high BIS/FFFS and low BAS. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in an adult sample : Associations with cloninger's temperament and character dimensions
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Woodworth, Rosalind , Waugh, Megan , Corr, Philip
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 52, no. 3 (2012), p. 290-294
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Relationships between C.R. Cloninger's temperament and character dimensions and the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms of inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) were examined in 231 adults from the general population. Regression analyses that predicated overall ADHD, IA and HI by the seven temperament/character dimensions revealed: IA was predicted positively by Harm Avoidance and negatively by Self-Directedness; HI was predicted positively by Persistence; and overall ADHD was predicted negatively by Self-Directedness. These findings are also interpreted in terms of current theories of ADHD, and the related original and revised versions of Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) of personality. © 2011.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms in an adult sample: Associations with Rothbart's temperament dimensions
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Kyriakides, Chantelle , Devlin, Elaine
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 60, no. (2014), p. 73-78
- Full Text: false
- Description: Relationships between Rothbart's 13 temperament sub-dimensions and the Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) factors for the 2-factor model [inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) domains] and the bifactor model (general ADHD, and specific factors for IA and HI) were examined in 267 adults from the general population. Regression analyses revealed that (1) both the IA and HI factors in the 2-factor model and the general ADHD factor in the bifactor model were predicted positively by sad, discomfort and associative sensitivity, and negatively by activation control, (2) the HI domain factor in the 2-factor model was also predicted negatively by inhibitory control, (3) the specific IA factor in the bifactor model was predicted negatively by activation control and attention control, and (4) the HI specific factor in the bifactor model was predicted negatively by inhibitory control and positively by sociability. These theoretical and clinical implications of the findings are discussed. © 2014.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms: Associations with Gray's and Tellegen's models of personality
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Corr, Philip
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 49, no. 8 (2010), p. 902-906
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms of inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) were examined in relation to three personality instruments: Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ); the Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) scales; and the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire-Brief (MPQ-BF) (N= 214). Results showed that IA was associated positively with Sensitivity to Punishment (in the SPSRQ), Negative Emotionality (in the MPQ-BF), and Behavioral Inhibition System (in the BIS/BAS scales). HI was associated positively with Sensitivity to Reward (in the SPSRQ), Reward Responsiveness and Drive (both in the BIS/BAS scales), and Positive Emotionality (in the MPQ-BF). Both IA and HI were associated negatively with Constraint (in the MPQ-BF), and HI was associated positively with Fun Seeking (in the BIS/BAS scales). These findings are interpreted in terms of the original and revised reinforcement sensitivity theories. © 2010.
Australian parent and teacher ratings of the DSM-IV ADHD symptoms: Differential symptom functioning and parent-teacher agreement and differences
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Attention Disorders Vol. 11, no. 1 (2007), p. 17-27
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: The aims of the study were to examine differential symptom functioning (DSF) and agreement across parent and teacher ratings for the DSM-IV ADHD inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) symptoms, listed in the Disruptive Behavior Rating Scale (DBRS). Method: DSF was examined using a parametric technique involving ordinal logistic regression, and also a nonparametric technique known as kernel smoothing implemented in the program TestGraf. To accomplish the aims, Australian parents and teachers completed the DBRS for 213 children, between 6 and 11 years of age. Results: The results of both analytical procedures showed no DSF across all the IA and HI symptoms. Additional results indicated low parent-teacher agreement. Conclusion: The absence of DSF suggests that previous reports of low parent-teacher agreement are likely to reflect a true state of affairs and that parent and teacher ratings can be compared. In this context, the low parent-teacher agreement can be interpreted as indication that the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are situation specific. (J. of Att. Dis. 2007; 11(1) 17-27) © 2007 Sage Publications.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003005732
Bifactor model of WISC-IV : Applicability and measurement invariance in low and normal IQ groups
- Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Vance, Alasdair , Watson, Shaun
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Psychological Assessment Vol. 29, no. 17 (2016), p. 902-912
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: This study examined the applicability and measurement invariance of the bifactor model of the 10 Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) core subtests in groups of children and adolescents (age range from 6 to 16 years) with low (IQ =79; N = 229; % male = 75.9) and normal (IQ >/=80; N = 816; % male = 75.0) IQ scores. Results supported this model in both groups, and there was good support for measurement invariance for this model across these groups. For all participants together, the omega hierarchical and explained common variance (ECV) values were high for the general factor and low to negligible for the specific factors. Together, the findings favor the use of the Full Scale IQ (FSIQ) scores of the WISC-IV, but not the subscale index scores. (PsycINFO Database Record