The diatom stratigraphy of Rawapening Lake, implying eutrophication history
- Soeprobowati, Tri, Hadisusanto, Suwarno, Gell, Peter, Zawadzki, Atun
- Authors: Soeprobowati, Tri , Hadisusanto, Suwarno , Gell, Peter , Zawadzki, Atun
- Date: 2012
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: American Journal of Environmental Sciences Vol. 8, no. 3 (2012), p. 334-344
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Problem statement: The use of diatoms to reconstruct past ecological conditions in lakes is well established. Diatoms are microscopic algae that forms siliceous frustules which allow them to preserve well in sediments. Rawapening Lake is one of 15 Indonesian lakes identified as 2010-2014 National Priority Lakes. Naturally, Rawapening is a tectono-volcanic lake. In the early 1900s, the sole outlet of the lake, Tuntang River, was impounded for hydroelectricity, irrigation and fisheries. Since then Rawapening had become a semi natural lake. The main problem of Rawapening Lake is blooming of water hyacinth that reduce lake function. This research was conducted in order to reconstruct the nutrient history of Rawapening Lake, Java. Approach: Sediment samples were taken from four sites and were sliced every 0.5 cm for diatom analysis and bulked across 2-5 cm for 210Pb radiometric dating of sediment. Diatom analysis consisted of three steps: the digestion process to separate the diatoms from the sediment; preparation and mounting of diatom residues onto slides and identification-enumeration. Results: The diatom-inferred condition of Rawapening Lake may be divided into four phases represented by zone 1 (1967-1974), zone 2 (1974-1983), zone 3 (1984-1990) and zone 4 (1990-2008). The predominance of Synedra from 1967 to present indicates that Rawapening Lake has been fresh and meso-eutrophic throughout. Zone 1 is also characterized by Fragilaria capucina Desm, Luticola goeppertiana (Bleisch) Mann, Mayamae atomus (Kutzing) Lange-Bertalot, Navicula radiosa Kutzing, Nitzschia palea (Kutzing) W. Smith and in one site, Tryblionella apiculata Gregory, that reflect eutrophic, but clear waters. An increase in epiphytic Gomphonema spp. in zone 2 marks an increase in aquatic macrophyte plants, perhaps in response to high nutrient levels. This change is followed promptly by an increase in acidophilous Eunotia spp. reflecting high organic production. A transition to a diatom community dominated by planktonic forms occurs c. 1983. This community was initially dominated by more clear water, oligotrop hic species such as Discostella stelligera (Cleve and Grunow) Houk and Klee and Aulacoseira distans (Ehrenberg) Simonsen, but transitions in 1990 to one dominated by A. granulata (Ehrenberg) Simonsen and ultimately Aulacoseira ambigua (Grunow) Simonsen. This is interpreted as a shift to a turbid water phase that has advantaged phytoplankton, at the expense of benthic or epiphytic taxa that require clear water. Conclusion: The dominance of A. granulate (Ehrenberg) Simonsen since the 1990s indicates the lake experienced hypertrophic conditions with pH > 9. A high proportion of the taxa in Rawa Pening sediments are not represented in the European data set, so the development of data set of tropical lakes is recommended to provide stronger inferences in local settings. © 2012 Science Publications.
Changing fluxes of sediments and salts as recorded in lower River Murray wetlands, Australia
- Gell, Peter, Fluin, Jennie, Tibby, John, Haynes, Deborah, Khanum, Syeda, Walsh, Brendan, Hancock, Gary, Harrison, Jennifer, Zawadzki, Atun, Little, Fiona
- Authors: Gell, Peter , Fluin, Jennie , Tibby, John , Haynes, Deborah , Khanum, Syeda , Walsh, Brendan , Hancock, Gary , Harrison, Jennifer , Zawadzki, Atun , Little, Fiona
- Date: 2006
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Full Text:
- Description: The River Murray basin, Australia's largest, has been significantly impacted by changed flow regimes and increased fluxes of salts and sediments since settlement in the 1840s. The river's flood plain hosts an array of cut-off meanders, levee lakes and basin depression lakes that archive historical changes. Pre-European sedimentation rates are typically approx. 0.1-1 mm year-1, while those in the period after European arrival are typically 10 to 30 fold greater. This increased sedimentation corresponds to a shift in wetland trophic state from submerged macrophytes in clear waters to phytoplankton-dominated, turbid systems. There is evidence for a decline in sedimentation in some natural wetlands after river regulation from the 1920s, but with the maintenance of the phytoplankton state. Fossil diatom assemblages reveal that, while some wetlands had saline episodes before settlement, others became saline after, and as early as the 1880s. The oxidation of sulphurous salts deposited after regulation has induced hyperacidity in a number of wetlands in recent years. While these wetlands are rightly perceived as being heavily impacted, other, once open water systems, that have infilled and now support rich macrophyte beds, are used as interpretive sites. The rate of filling, however, suggests that the lifespan of these wetlands is short. The rate of wetland loss through such increased infilling is unlikely to be matched by future scouring as regulation has eliminated middle order floods from the lower catchment.
- Authors: Gell, Peter , Fluin, Jennie , Tibby, John , Haynes, Deborah , Khanum, Syeda , Walsh, Brendan , Hancock, Gary , Harrison, Jennifer , Zawadzki, Atun , Little, Fiona
- Date: 2006
- Type: Conference proceedings
- Full Text:
- Description: The River Murray basin, Australia's largest, has been significantly impacted by changed flow regimes and increased fluxes of salts and sediments since settlement in the 1840s. The river's flood plain hosts an array of cut-off meanders, levee lakes and basin depression lakes that archive historical changes. Pre-European sedimentation rates are typically approx. 0.1-1 mm year-1, while those in the period after European arrival are typically 10 to 30 fold greater. This increased sedimentation corresponds to a shift in wetland trophic state from submerged macrophytes in clear waters to phytoplankton-dominated, turbid systems. There is evidence for a decline in sedimentation in some natural wetlands after river regulation from the 1920s, but with the maintenance of the phytoplankton state. Fossil diatom assemblages reveal that, while some wetlands had saline episodes before settlement, others became saline after, and as early as the 1880s. The oxidation of sulphurous salts deposited after regulation has induced hyperacidity in a number of wetlands in recent years. While these wetlands are rightly perceived as being heavily impacted, other, once open water systems, that have infilled and now support rich macrophyte beds, are used as interpretive sites. The rate of filling, however, suggests that the lifespan of these wetlands is short. The rate of wetland loss through such increased infilling is unlikely to be matched by future scouring as regulation has eliminated middle order floods from the lower catchment.
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