Small-signal stability and resonance perspectives in microgrid : a review
- Krismanto, Awan, Mithulananthan, Nadarajah, Shah, Rakibuzzaman, Setiadi, Herlambang, Islam, Md Rabiul
- Authors: Krismanto, Awan , Mithulananthan, Nadarajah , Shah, Rakibuzzaman , Setiadi, Herlambang , Islam, Md Rabiul
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Energies Vol. 16, no. 3 (2023), p.
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- Description: The microgrid (MG) system is a controlled and supervised power system consisting of renewable energy (RE)-based distributed generation (DG) units, loads, and energy storage. The MG can be operated autonomously or while connected to the grid. Higher intermittencies and uncertainties can be observed in MGs compared to the conventional power system, which is the possible source of small-signal stability in MG systems. It can be seen as disturbances around the stable operating point, which potentially lead to the small-signal instability problem within MGs. Small-signal instability issues also emerge due to the lack of damping torque in the MG. The integration of power electronic devices and complex control algorithms within MGs introduces novel challenges in terms of small-signal stability and possible resonances. The occurrence of interaction in a low- or no-inertia system might worsen the stability margin, leading to undamped oscillatory instability. The interaction within the MG is characterized by various frequency ranges, from low-frequency subsynchronous oscillation to high-frequency ranges around the harmonic frequencies. This study presents an overview of the dynamic model, possible sources of small-signal instability problems, and resonance phenomena in MGs. The developed models of MG, including structure, converter-based power generation, and load and control algorithms, are briefly summarized to provide the context of MG system dynamics. A comprehensive critical review of the previous research, including small-signal stability and resonance phenomenon for MGs, is also provided. Finally, key future research areas are recommended. © 2023 by the authors.
- Authors: Krismanto, Awan , Mithulananthan, Nadarajah , Shah, Rakibuzzaman , Setiadi, Herlambang , Islam, Md Rabiul
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Energies Vol. 16, no. 3 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The microgrid (MG) system is a controlled and supervised power system consisting of renewable energy (RE)-based distributed generation (DG) units, loads, and energy storage. The MG can be operated autonomously or while connected to the grid. Higher intermittencies and uncertainties can be observed in MGs compared to the conventional power system, which is the possible source of small-signal stability in MG systems. It can be seen as disturbances around the stable operating point, which potentially lead to the small-signal instability problem within MGs. Small-signal instability issues also emerge due to the lack of damping torque in the MG. The integration of power electronic devices and complex control algorithms within MGs introduces novel challenges in terms of small-signal stability and possible resonances. The occurrence of interaction in a low- or no-inertia system might worsen the stability margin, leading to undamped oscillatory instability. The interaction within the MG is characterized by various frequency ranges, from low-frequency subsynchronous oscillation to high-frequency ranges around the harmonic frequencies. This study presents an overview of the dynamic model, possible sources of small-signal instability problems, and resonance phenomena in MGs. The developed models of MG, including structure, converter-based power generation, and load and control algorithms, are briefly summarized to provide the context of MG system dynamics. A comprehensive critical review of the previous research, including small-signal stability and resonance phenomenon for MGs, is also provided. Finally, key future research areas are recommended. © 2023 by the authors.
Multi-mode damping control approach for the optimal resilience of renewable-rich power systems
- Setiadi, Herlambang, Mithulananthan, Nadarajah, Shah, Rakibuzzaman, Islam, Md Rabiul, Fekih, Afer, Krismanto, Awan, Abdillah, Muhammad
- Authors: Setiadi, Herlambang , Mithulananthan, Nadarajah , Shah, Rakibuzzaman , Islam, Md Rabiul , Fekih, Afer , Krismanto, Awan , Abdillah, Muhammad
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Energies Vol. 15, no. 9 (2022), p.
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- Description: The integration of power-electronics-based power plants is developing significantly due to the proliferation of renewable energy sources. Although this type of power plant could positively affect society in terms of clean and sustainable energy, it also brings adverse effects, especially with the stability of the power system. The lack of inertia and different dynamic characteristics are the main issues associated with power-electronics-based power plants that could affect the oscillatory behaviour of the power system. Hence, it is important to design a comprehensive damping controller to damp oscillations due to the integration of a power-electronics-based power plant. This paper proposes a damping method for enhancing the oscillatory stability performance of power systems with high penetration of renewable energy systems. A resilient wide-area multimodal controller is proposed and used in conjunction with a battery energy storage system (BESS) to enhance the damping of critical modes. The proposed control also addresses resiliency issues associated with control signals and controllers. The optimal tuning of the control parameters for this proposed controller is challenging. Hence, the firefly algorithm was considered to be the optimisation method to design the wide-area multimodal controllers for BESS, wind, and photovoltaic (PV) systems. The performance of the proposed approach was assessed using a modified version of the Java Indonesian power system under various operating conditions. Both eigenvalue analysis and time-domain simulations are considered in the analysis. A comparison with other well-known metaheuristic methods was also carried out to show the proposed method’s efficacy. Obtained results confirmed the superior performance of the proposed approach in enhancing the small-signal stability of renewable-rich power systems. They also revealed that the proposed multimodal controller could enhance the penetration of renewable energy sources in the Javan power system by up to 50%. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Authors: Setiadi, Herlambang , Mithulananthan, Nadarajah , Shah, Rakibuzzaman , Islam, Md Rabiul , Fekih, Afer , Krismanto, Awan , Abdillah, Muhammad
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Energies Vol. 15, no. 9 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The integration of power-electronics-based power plants is developing significantly due to the proliferation of renewable energy sources. Although this type of power plant could positively affect society in terms of clean and sustainable energy, it also brings adverse effects, especially with the stability of the power system. The lack of inertia and different dynamic characteristics are the main issues associated with power-electronics-based power plants that could affect the oscillatory behaviour of the power system. Hence, it is important to design a comprehensive damping controller to damp oscillations due to the integration of a power-electronics-based power plant. This paper proposes a damping method for enhancing the oscillatory stability performance of power systems with high penetration of renewable energy systems. A resilient wide-area multimodal controller is proposed and used in conjunction with a battery energy storage system (BESS) to enhance the damping of critical modes. The proposed control also addresses resiliency issues associated with control signals and controllers. The optimal tuning of the control parameters for this proposed controller is challenging. Hence, the firefly algorithm was considered to be the optimisation method to design the wide-area multimodal controllers for BESS, wind, and photovoltaic (PV) systems. The performance of the proposed approach was assessed using a modified version of the Java Indonesian power system under various operating conditions. Both eigenvalue analysis and time-domain simulations are considered in the analysis. A comparison with other well-known metaheuristic methods was also carried out to show the proposed method’s efficacy. Obtained results confirmed the superior performance of the proposed approach in enhancing the small-signal stability of renewable-rich power systems. They also revealed that the proposed multimodal controller could enhance the penetration of renewable energy sources in the Javan power system by up to 50%. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
DC fault identification in multiterminal HVDC systems based on reactor voltage gradient
- Hassan, Mehedi, Hossain, M., Shah, Rakibuzzaman
- Authors: Hassan, Mehedi , Hossain, M. , Shah, Rakibuzzaman
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 9, no. (2021), p. 115855-115867
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- Description: With the increasing number of renewable generations, the prospects of long-distance bulk power transmission impels the expansion of point-to-point High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) grid to an emerging Multi-terminal high-voltage Direct Current (MTDC) grid. The DC grid protection with faster selectivity enhances the operational continuity of the MTDC grid. Based on the reactor voltage gradient (RVG), this paper proposes a fast and reliable fault identification technique with precise discrimination of internal and external DC faults. Considering the voltage developed across the modular multilevel converter (MMC) reactor and DC terminal reactor, the RVG is formulated to characterise an internal and external DC fault. With a window of four RVG samples, the fault is detected and discriminated by the proposed main protection scheme amidst a period of five sampling intervals. Depending on the reactor current increment, a backup protection scheme is also proposed to enhance the protection reliability. The performance of the proposed scheme is validated in a four-terminal MTDC grid. The results under meaningful fault events show that the proposed scheme is capable to identify the DC fault within millisecond. Moreover, the evaluation of the protection sensitivity and robustness reveals that the proposed scheme is highly selective for a wide range of fault resistances and locations, higher sampling frequencies, and irrelevant transient events. Furthermore, the comparison results exhibit that the proposed RVG method improves the discrimination performance of the protection scheme and thereby, proves to be a better choice for future DC fault identification.
- Authors: Hassan, Mehedi , Hossain, M. , Shah, Rakibuzzaman
- Date: 2021
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 9, no. (2021), p. 115855-115867
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: With the increasing number of renewable generations, the prospects of long-distance bulk power transmission impels the expansion of point-to-point High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) grid to an emerging Multi-terminal high-voltage Direct Current (MTDC) grid. The DC grid protection with faster selectivity enhances the operational continuity of the MTDC grid. Based on the reactor voltage gradient (RVG), this paper proposes a fast and reliable fault identification technique with precise discrimination of internal and external DC faults. Considering the voltage developed across the modular multilevel converter (MMC) reactor and DC terminal reactor, the RVG is formulated to characterise an internal and external DC fault. With a window of four RVG samples, the fault is detected and discriminated by the proposed main protection scheme amidst a period of five sampling intervals. Depending on the reactor current increment, a backup protection scheme is also proposed to enhance the protection reliability. The performance of the proposed scheme is validated in a four-terminal MTDC grid. The results under meaningful fault events show that the proposed scheme is capable to identify the DC fault within millisecond. Moreover, the evaluation of the protection sensitivity and robustness reveals that the proposed scheme is highly selective for a wide range of fault resistances and locations, higher sampling frequencies, and irrelevant transient events. Furthermore, the comparison results exhibit that the proposed RVG method improves the discrimination performance of the protection scheme and thereby, proves to be a better choice for future DC fault identification.
Exploring the Dynamic Voltage Signature of Renewable Rich Weak Power System
- Alzahrani, S., Shah, Rakibuzzaman, Mithulananthan, N.
- Authors: Alzahrani, S. , Shah, Rakibuzzaman , Mithulananthan, N.
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 8, no. (2020), p. 216529-216542
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Large-scale renewable energy-based power plants are becoming attractive technically and economically for generation mix around the world. Nevertheless, network operation has significantly changed due to the rapid integration of renewable energy in supply side. The integration of more renewable resources, especially inverter-based generation, deteriorates power system resilience to disturbances and substantially affects stable operations. The dynamic voltage stability becomes one of the major concerns for the transmission system operators (TSOs) due to the limited capabilities of inverter-based resources (IBRs). A heavily loaded and stressed renewable rich grid is susceptible to fault-induced delayed voltage recovery. Hence, it is crucial to examine the system response upon disturbances, to understand the voltage signature, to determine the optimal location and sizing of grid-connected IBRs. Moreover, the IBRs fault contribution mechanism investigation is essential in adopting additional grid support devices, control coordination, and the selection of appropriate corrective control schemes. This article utilizes a comprehensive assessment framework to assess power systems' dynamic voltage signature with large-scale PV under different realistic operating conditions. Several indices quantifying load bus voltage recovery have been used to explore the system' s steady-state, transient response, and voltage trajectories. The recovery indices help extricate the signature and influence of IBRs. The proposed framework's applicability is carried out on the New England IEEE-39 bus test system using the DIgSILENT platform. © 2013 IEEE.
- Authors: Alzahrani, S. , Shah, Rakibuzzaman , Mithulananthan, N.
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: IEEE Access Vol. 8, no. (2020), p. 216529-216542
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Large-scale renewable energy-based power plants are becoming attractive technically and economically for generation mix around the world. Nevertheless, network operation has significantly changed due to the rapid integration of renewable energy in supply side. The integration of more renewable resources, especially inverter-based generation, deteriorates power system resilience to disturbances and substantially affects stable operations. The dynamic voltage stability becomes one of the major concerns for the transmission system operators (TSOs) due to the limited capabilities of inverter-based resources (IBRs). A heavily loaded and stressed renewable rich grid is susceptible to fault-induced delayed voltage recovery. Hence, it is crucial to examine the system response upon disturbances, to understand the voltage signature, to determine the optimal location and sizing of grid-connected IBRs. Moreover, the IBRs fault contribution mechanism investigation is essential in adopting additional grid support devices, control coordination, and the selection of appropriate corrective control schemes. This article utilizes a comprehensive assessment framework to assess power systems' dynamic voltage signature with large-scale PV under different realistic operating conditions. Several indices quantifying load bus voltage recovery have been used to explore the system' s steady-state, transient response, and voltage trajectories. The recovery indices help extricate the signature and influence of IBRs. The proposed framework's applicability is carried out on the New England IEEE-39 bus test system using the DIgSILENT platform. © 2013 IEEE.
Dynamic voltage stability of unbalanced distribution system with high penetration of single-phase PV units
- Islam, Monirul, Mithulananthan, Nadarajah, Hossain, Jahangir, Shah, Rakibuzzaman
- Authors: Islam, Monirul , Mithulananthan, Nadarajah , Hossain, Jahangir , Shah, Rakibuzzaman
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of engineering (Stevenage, England) Vol. 2019, no. 17 (2019), p. 4074-4080
- Full Text:
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- Description: Dynamic voltage instability (DVI) issues are the primary concern in low-voltage distribution network (DN) due to growing integration of low-inertia compressor motor loads such as air-conditioner and refrigerator. The concern of DVI is likely to increase owing to high penetration of rooftop type single-phase photovoltaic (PV) units in DN. On the other hand, DNs are inherently unbalanced as a result of load and line characteristics along with unbalanced PV penetration. This paper examines the impact of imbalance on the dynamic voltage stability (DVS) in DN and provides solutions to mitigate any adverse effects. Dynamic models of the single-phase PV units are developed and utilised in the paper. The degree of unbalanced is defined first, and then its impact on the DVS is investigated. From the investigation, it is observed that degree of instability is increased with the increment of imbalance. The paper has also proposed a mitigation strategy i.e. reactive power injection by PV inverter. Case studies are conducted on modified IEEE 4 bus system which represents a low-voltage DN. Results reveal that reactive power injection by PV inverter can improve the DVS by mitigating the impact of unbalance.
- Authors: Islam, Monirul , Mithulananthan, Nadarajah , Hossain, Jahangir , Shah, Rakibuzzaman
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of engineering (Stevenage, England) Vol. 2019, no. 17 (2019), p. 4074-4080
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Dynamic voltage instability (DVI) issues are the primary concern in low-voltage distribution network (DN) due to growing integration of low-inertia compressor motor loads such as air-conditioner and refrigerator. The concern of DVI is likely to increase owing to high penetration of rooftop type single-phase photovoltaic (PV) units in DN. On the other hand, DNs are inherently unbalanced as a result of load and line characteristics along with unbalanced PV penetration. This paper examines the impact of imbalance on the dynamic voltage stability (DVS) in DN and provides solutions to mitigate any adverse effects. Dynamic models of the single-phase PV units are developed and utilised in the paper. The degree of unbalanced is defined first, and then its impact on the DVS is investigated. From the investigation, it is observed that degree of instability is increased with the increment of imbalance. The paper has also proposed a mitigation strategy i.e. reactive power injection by PV inverter. Case studies are conducted on modified IEEE 4 bus system which represents a low-voltage DN. Results reveal that reactive power injection by PV inverter can improve the DVS by mitigating the impact of unbalance.
Techno-economic evaluation of power electronics-assisted transmission system frequency regulation
- Shah, Rakibuzzaman, Preece, Robin, Barnes, Mike, Sanchez, Jesus
- Authors: Shah, Rakibuzzaman , Preece, Robin , Barnes, Mike , Sanchez, Jesus
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Engineering Vol. , no. 17 (Jun 2019), p. 4138-4142
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: In many future power systems, the power generation may be predominantly supplied from converter interfaced sources (i.e. wind, solar, HVDC interconnection). In the context of the UK, the government is aiming for a share of wind capacity in the total generation mix as high as 29GW by 2020. For a small power system like Great Britain (GB) with no synchronous connection to continental Europe, frequency stability is identified as a major challenge. Therefore, additional primary response and inertia (or fast frequency containment response) are anticipated as being required to sustain the frequency stability of the GB system. Here, techno-economic assessment is carried out to explore the overall benefits of various frequency control strategies. Frequency regulation by VSC-HVDC system is realised as the best strategy regarding overall system benefits.
- Authors: Shah, Rakibuzzaman , Preece, Robin , Barnes, Mike , Sanchez, Jesus
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Engineering Vol. , no. 17 (Jun 2019), p. 4138-4142
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: In many future power systems, the power generation may be predominantly supplied from converter interfaced sources (i.e. wind, solar, HVDC interconnection). In the context of the UK, the government is aiming for a share of wind capacity in the total generation mix as high as 29GW by 2020. For a small power system like Great Britain (GB) with no synchronous connection to continental Europe, frequency stability is identified as a major challenge. Therefore, additional primary response and inertia (or fast frequency containment response) are anticipated as being required to sustain the frequency stability of the GB system. Here, techno-economic assessment is carried out to explore the overall benefits of various frequency control strategies. Frequency regulation by VSC-HVDC system is realised as the best strategy regarding overall system benefits.
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