Effects of Tetranychus lintearius (Acari : Tetranychidae) on the structure and water potential in the foliage of the invasive Ulex europaeus (Fabaceae) in Australia
- Marriott, Jeremy, Florentine, Singarayer, Raman, Anantanarayanan
- Authors: Marriott, Jeremy , Florentine, Singarayer , Raman, Anantanarayanan
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Acarology Vol. 39, no. 4 (2013), p. 275-284
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Ulex europaeus, a native of Western Europe and the Mediterranean coast, is a serious agricultural and environmental weed in many parts of the earth, including Australia. Tetranychus lintearius attacks U. europaeus in its natural range and is one of the four biological control agents introduced into Australia to regulate populations of U. europaeus. Tetranychus lintearius is specific to different species of Ulex, which enhances its status as a key biological control agent. Little is known on the physiological effects and structural changes induced by T. lintearius on U. europaeus. This article describes anatomical changes and evaluates the physiological effects in U. europaeus consequent to feeding by T. lintearius for more than 100 d. This study demonstrates that feeding by T. lintearius reduces the quantity of photosynthetic tissue in U. europaeus, as a result of feeding on mesophyll parenchyma by inserting its stylets through the stomatal aperture. Unfed parenchyma cells display signs of stress, either exhibiting deformed cell organelles aligned along the walls of vacant cells or with cells with no well-defined cell organelles. Subsequent to T. lintearius feeding, leaves externally manifest bleaching. After feeding by a population of T. lintearius, leaf water potential is decreased by 30% and tender shoots lose their turgor, indicating water-related stress. Tetranychus lintearius has the potential to decelerate vigour and retard the competitiveness of U. europaeus by inflicting stress. Our findings reinforce the use of T. lintearius in the biological management of populations of U. europaeus in temperate Australia.
- Authors: Marriott, Jeremy , Florentine, Singarayer , Raman, Anantanarayanan
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Acarology Vol. 39, no. 4 (2013), p. 275-284
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Ulex europaeus, a native of Western Europe and the Mediterranean coast, is a serious agricultural and environmental weed in many parts of the earth, including Australia. Tetranychus lintearius attacks U. europaeus in its natural range and is one of the four biological control agents introduced into Australia to regulate populations of U. europaeus. Tetranychus lintearius is specific to different species of Ulex, which enhances its status as a key biological control agent. Little is known on the physiological effects and structural changes induced by T. lintearius on U. europaeus. This article describes anatomical changes and evaluates the physiological effects in U. europaeus consequent to feeding by T. lintearius for more than 100 d. This study demonstrates that feeding by T. lintearius reduces the quantity of photosynthetic tissue in U. europaeus, as a result of feeding on mesophyll parenchyma by inserting its stylets through the stomatal aperture. Unfed parenchyma cells display signs of stress, either exhibiting deformed cell organelles aligned along the walls of vacant cells or with cells with no well-defined cell organelles. Subsequent to T. lintearius feeding, leaves externally manifest bleaching. After feeding by a population of T. lintearius, leaf water potential is decreased by 30% and tender shoots lose their turgor, indicating water-related stress. Tetranychus lintearius has the potential to decelerate vigour and retard the competitiveness of U. europaeus by inflicting stress. Our findings reinforce the use of T. lintearius in the biological management of populations of U. europaeus in temperate Australia.
Metabolite mobilization in the stem galls of Parthenium hysterophorus induced by Epiblema strenuana inferred from the signatures of isotopic carbon and nitrogen and concentrations of total non-structural carbohydrates
- Florentine, Singarayer, Raman, Anantanarayanan, Dhileepan, Kunjithapatham, Madhaven, S.
- Authors: Florentine, Singarayer , Raman, Anantanarayanan , Dhileepan, Kunjithapatham , Madhaven, S.
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata Vol. 119, no. (2006), p. 101-107
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae) is a weed of national significance in Australia. Among the several arthropod agents introduced into Australia to control populations of P. hysterophorus biologically, Epiblema strenuana Walker (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is the most widespread and abundant agent. By intercepting the normal transport mechanisms of P. hysterophorus, the larvae of E. strenuana drain nutrients, other metabolic products, and energy, and place the host plant under intense metabolic stress. In this study, determinations of total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) levels and carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of fixed products in different parts of the plant tissue, including the gall, have been made to establish the function of gall as a sink for the nutrients Values of
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001571
- Authors: Florentine, Singarayer , Raman, Anantanarayanan , Dhileepan, Kunjithapatham , Madhaven, S.
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata Vol. 119, no. (2006), p. 101-107
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Parthenium hysterophorus L. (Asteraceae) is a weed of national significance in Australia. Among the several arthropod agents introduced into Australia to control populations of P. hysterophorus biologically, Epiblema strenuana Walker (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is the most widespread and abundant agent. By intercepting the normal transport mechanisms of P. hysterophorus, the larvae of E. strenuana drain nutrients, other metabolic products, and energy, and place the host plant under intense metabolic stress. In this study, determinations of total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) levels and carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios of fixed products in different parts of the plant tissue, including the gall, have been made to establish the function of gall as a sink for the nutrients Values of
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003001571
Responses of the weed parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae) to the stem Gall-inducing Weevil Conotrachelus albocinereus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
- Florentine, Singarayer, Westbrooke, Martin, Dhileepan, Kunjithapatham
- Authors: Florentine, Singarayer , Westbrooke, Martin , Dhileepan, Kunjithapatham
- Date: 2002
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Entomologia Generalis Vol. 26, no. 3 (2002), p. 195-206
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: A slem-galling weevil COT/o/rad,e/us alboeinereus Fiedler 1940 from Argentina is being field released to regulate populations of the weed Parlhenium hysterophorus in Queensland, Australia since 1995. In this paper we report the tissue and metabolic responses in P hyslerophorus in the context of the biology and feeding behaviour of the weevil. C albocinereus induces elliptical galls often on the main shoot axes and rarely on the terminal and axillary mcristems of the host plant. From oviposition through gall maturation, the structure and metabolism of the host-plant tissues. especially at the gall region, change continuously to accommodate pressure inflicted by the feeding larva. The host plant shows re-dirtttion of its vital metabolites to the gall, and to the lTlCtaplasitd cells of nutrition in particular. In mature galls. the pith parenchyma elements tum lignified. Larval feeding fractures the vertical continuity of vascular tissues, which affects the host plant's overall metabolism As the larva tunnels the shoot eolulTVl. it places the frass at the fissured vascular sites. That activity initialcs n«rosis and eventual death of the living eells of the vascular tissue complex. Such a development induces water.logging stress in the gall and the evapotranspirauonal system displays contrasting responses. Pennanenl1y closed Siomatal apertures and abnonnally inflated substomatal chambers indicate that P hYSleropltorus suffers moisture-stress with cecidogenesis. The larval performance triggers moisture inundation in the galled shoot and this appears to be an advantage in using this weevil in the control of P hyslerop/rorus.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003004175
- Authors: Florentine, Singarayer , Westbrooke, Martin , Dhileepan, Kunjithapatham
- Date: 2002
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Entomologia Generalis Vol. 26, no. 3 (2002), p. 195-206
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: A slem-galling weevil COT/o/rad,e/us alboeinereus Fiedler 1940 from Argentina is being field released to regulate populations of the weed Parlhenium hysterophorus in Queensland, Australia since 1995. In this paper we report the tissue and metabolic responses in P hyslerophorus in the context of the biology and feeding behaviour of the weevil. C albocinereus induces elliptical galls often on the main shoot axes and rarely on the terminal and axillary mcristems of the host plant. From oviposition through gall maturation, the structure and metabolism of the host-plant tissues. especially at the gall region, change continuously to accommodate pressure inflicted by the feeding larva. The host plant shows re-dirtttion of its vital metabolites to the gall, and to the lTlCtaplasitd cells of nutrition in particular. In mature galls. the pith parenchyma elements tum lignified. Larval feeding fractures the vertical continuity of vascular tissues, which affects the host plant's overall metabolism As the larva tunnels the shoot eolulTVl. it places the frass at the fissured vascular sites. That activity initialcs n«rosis and eventual death of the living eells of the vascular tissue complex. Such a development induces water.logging stress in the gall and the evapotranspirauonal system displays contrasting responses. Pennanenl1y closed Siomatal apertures and abnonnally inflated substomatal chambers indicate that P hYSleropltorus suffers moisture-stress with cecidogenesis. The larval performance triggers moisture inundation in the galled shoot and this appears to be an advantage in using this weevil in the control of P hyslerop/rorus.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003004175
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