The effects of increased absolute training intensity on adaptations to endurance exercise training
- McNicol, Ashleigh, O'Brien, Brendan, Paton, Carl, Knez, Wade
- Authors: McNicol, Ashleigh , O'Brien, Brendan , Paton, Carl , Knez, Wade
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 12, no. 4 (2009), p. 485-489
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: "Progressive overload" is regarded an important principle to consider in maximising endurance training adaptations, yet little scientific evidence supports this concept. The aim of the present study was to compare differences in endurance performance after a training regime where treadmill-running intensity was incrementally elevated to a regime where running intensity remained unchanged. Twenty-eight healthy untrained males and females were randomly and equally assigned into both regimes. All participants performed 20 min treadmill-running sessions 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Prior to and after training, maximum oxygen uptake (over(V, ̇) O2max), oxygen uptake and velocity at the lactate threshold (LTVO2 and LTv) and maximum treadmill velocity (Vmax) were measured in an incremental treadmill test. 5000 m time trial performance was also assessed. In the incremental intensity regime treadmill velocity commenced at 0.8 km·h-1 below the LTv and was increased by 0.1 km·h-1 every session. In the constant intensity regime treadmill speed was kept constant at 0.8 km·h-1 below the LTv for the duration of the training. The study revealed that both regimens increased over(V, ̇) O2max, Vmax LTVO2, LTv and decreased 5000 m time trial significantly after training. There were no significant differences in the changes between regimens for over(V, ̇) O2max, Vmax and 5000 m time trial. However, the increase in LTVO2 and LTv were significantly greater in the incremental intensity regime compared to the constant intensity regime. The present data show that 20 min treadmill-running sessions performed 3 times a week for 6 weeks improves endurance performance and that progressively elevating exercise intensity is important to maximise improvements in LTVO2 and LTv. © 2008 Sports Medicine Australia.
- Description: 2003008109
- Authors: McNicol, Ashleigh , O'Brien, Brendan , Paton, Carl , Knez, Wade
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 12, no. 4 (2009), p. 485-489
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: "Progressive overload" is regarded an important principle to consider in maximising endurance training adaptations, yet little scientific evidence supports this concept. The aim of the present study was to compare differences in endurance performance after a training regime where treadmill-running intensity was incrementally elevated to a regime where running intensity remained unchanged. Twenty-eight healthy untrained males and females were randomly and equally assigned into both regimes. All participants performed 20 min treadmill-running sessions 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Prior to and after training, maximum oxygen uptake (over(V, ̇) O2max), oxygen uptake and velocity at the lactate threshold (LTVO2 and LTv) and maximum treadmill velocity (Vmax) were measured in an incremental treadmill test. 5000 m time trial performance was also assessed. In the incremental intensity regime treadmill velocity commenced at 0.8 km·h-1 below the LTv and was increased by 0.1 km·h-1 every session. In the constant intensity regime treadmill speed was kept constant at 0.8 km·h-1 below the LTv for the duration of the training. The study revealed that both regimens increased over(V, ̇) O2max, Vmax LTVO2, LTv and decreased 5000 m time trial significantly after training. There were no significant differences in the changes between regimens for over(V, ̇) O2max, Vmax and 5000 m time trial. However, the increase in LTVO2 and LTv were significantly greater in the incremental intensity regime compared to the constant intensity regime. The present data show that 20 min treadmill-running sessions performed 3 times a week for 6 weeks improves endurance performance and that progressively elevating exercise intensity is important to maximise improvements in LTVO2 and LTv. © 2008 Sports Medicine Australia.
- Description: 2003008109
A deterministic model of the vertical jump : Implications for training
- Ham, Daniel, Knez, Wade, Young, Warren
- Authors: Ham, Daniel , Knez, Wade , Young, Warren
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research Vol. 21, no. 3 (2007), p. 967-972
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: A deterministic model of the vertical jump: implications for training. J. Strength Cond. Res. 21(3):967-972. 2007. - Increasing vertical jump height is a critical component for performance enhancement in many sports. It takes on a number of different forms and conditions, including double and single legged jumps and stationary and run-up jumps. In an attempt to understand the factors that influence vertical jump performance, an extensive analysis was undertaken using the deterministic model. Once identified, practical training strategies enabling improvement in these factors were elucidated. Our analysis showed that a successful vertical jump performance was the result of a complex interplay of run-up speed, reactive strength, concentric action power of the take-off leg(s), hip flexors, shoulders, body position, body mass, and take-off time. Of special interest, our analysis showed that the concentric action power of the legs was the critical factor affecting stationary double leg vertical jumps, whereas reactive strength was the critical component for a single leg jump from a run-up. © 2007 National Strength & Conditioning Association.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003005651
- Authors: Ham, Daniel , Knez, Wade , Young, Warren
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research Vol. 21, no. 3 (2007), p. 967-972
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: A deterministic model of the vertical jump: implications for training. J. Strength Cond. Res. 21(3):967-972. 2007. - Increasing vertical jump height is a critical component for performance enhancement in many sports. It takes on a number of different forms and conditions, including double and single legged jumps and stationary and run-up jumps. In an attempt to understand the factors that influence vertical jump performance, an extensive analysis was undertaken using the deterministic model. Once identified, practical training strategies enabling improvement in these factors were elucidated. Our analysis showed that a successful vertical jump performance was the result of a complex interplay of run-up speed, reactive strength, concentric action power of the take-off leg(s), hip flexors, shoulders, body position, body mass, and take-off time. Of special interest, our analysis showed that the concentric action power of the legs was the critical factor affecting stationary double leg vertical jumps, whereas reactive strength was the critical component for a single leg jump from a run-up. © 2007 National Strength & Conditioning Association.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003005651
The effects of interval-exercise duration and intensity on oxygen consumption during treadmill running
- O'Brien, Brendan, Wibskov, Jim, Knez, Wade, Paton, Carl, Harvey, Jack
- Authors: O'Brien, Brendan , Wibskov, Jim , Knez, Wade , Paton, Carl , Harvey, Jack
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 11, no. 3 (2008), p. 287-290
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The magnitude of improvement in peak oxygen uptake (over(V, ̇)
- Description: C1
- Authors: O'Brien, Brendan , Wibskov, Jim , Knez, Wade , Paton, Carl , Harvey, Jack
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 11, no. 3 (2008), p. 287-290
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The magnitude of improvement in peak oxygen uptake (over(V, ̇)
- Description: C1
A comparison of the effects of fatigue on subjective and objective assessment of situation awareness in cycling
- Authors: Knez, Wade , Ham, Daniel
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Vol. 5, no. 1 (2006), p. 89-96
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Maximal effort on a 30 km Time Trial (TT30) was examined to assess whether it would elicit changes in objective and subjective tests of the participants' perception of the environment and their ability to anticipate future occurrences (situation awareness; SA) and to determine the effect of post-exercise recovery on SA. Nine experienced (5.22 ± 2.77 years) road cyclists had their objective and subjective levels of SA assessed prior to and at the completion of two TT30. The participants' results were compared to measurements of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), peak power output (PPO), age and years of competitive cycle racing experience. Fatigue resulting from maximal effort on a TT30 produced significant changes in both the objective and subjective test of SA. Effect sizes of 0.93 and 0.99 indicated that the first and second TT30 were likely or almost certain to have a beneficial effect on the objective assessment of SA. However, the effect sizes of 0.97 and 0.95 relating to the subjective assessment of cognitive performance on the first and second TT30 showed that it was very likely the participants' had an increased difficulty in maintaining SA. A recovery period of up to three minutes post TT30 had no effect on SA. Changes in SA had no relationship with measurements of VO2max, peak power output (PPO), age and years of competitive cycle racing experience. The findings suggest that within a laboratory environment, participants consistently underestimate their ability to make accurate assessments of their cycling environment compared to objective measures of their SA. ©Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (2006).
- Description: C1
- Authors: Knez, Wade , Ham, Daniel
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Sports Science and Medicine Vol. 5, no. 1 (2006), p. 89-96
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Maximal effort on a 30 km Time Trial (TT30) was examined to assess whether it would elicit changes in objective and subjective tests of the participants' perception of the environment and their ability to anticipate future occurrences (situation awareness; SA) and to determine the effect of post-exercise recovery on SA. Nine experienced (5.22 ± 2.77 years) road cyclists had their objective and subjective levels of SA assessed prior to and at the completion of two TT30. The participants' results were compared to measurements of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), peak power output (PPO), age and years of competitive cycle racing experience. Fatigue resulting from maximal effort on a TT30 produced significant changes in both the objective and subjective test of SA. Effect sizes of 0.93 and 0.99 indicated that the first and second TT30 were likely or almost certain to have a beneficial effect on the objective assessment of SA. However, the effect sizes of 0.97 and 0.95 relating to the subjective assessment of cognitive performance on the first and second TT30 showed that it was very likely the participants' had an increased difficulty in maintaining SA. A recovery period of up to three minutes post TT30 had no effect on SA. Changes in SA had no relationship with measurements of VO2max, peak power output (PPO), age and years of competitive cycle racing experience. The findings suggest that within a laboratory environment, participants consistently underestimate their ability to make accurate assessments of their cycling environment compared to objective measures of their SA. ©Journal of Sports Science and Medicine (2006).
- Description: C1
Treadmill velocity best predicts 5000-m run performance
- Stratton, E., O'Brien, Brendan, Harvey, Jack, Blitvich, Jennifer, McNicol, Ashleigh, Janissen, D., Paton, Carl, Knez, Wade
- Authors: Stratton, E. , O'Brien, Brendan , Harvey, Jack , Blitvich, Jennifer , McNicol, Ashleigh , Janissen, D. , Paton, Carl , Knez, Wade
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 30, no. 1 (2009), p. 40-45
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: In this study, we aimed to investigate physiological determinants of endurance performance that best predict 5000-m average run velocity before and after endurance training. Thirty-nine previously untrained participants completed a 5000-m run; a constant velocity test (measuring running economy); and an incremental treadmill test to determine maximal oxygen uptake, final treadmill velocity, and velocity and oxygen uptake at lactate threshold, before and after six weeks of endurance training. Maximal oxygen uptake, final treadmill velocity, and velocity and oxygen uptake at threshold all increased significantly after training (p < 0.05). Average velocity for 5000m increased significantly (p < 0.05). Running economy was not significantly altered. Correlation analysis revealed final treadmill velocity was most strongly related to 5000-m performance, in both untrained and trained states (r = 0.89, 0.83). Lactate threshold velocity (r = 0.73, 0.76), maximal oxygen uptake (r = 0.55, 0.51) and oxygen uptake at threshold (r = 0.45, 0.45) also showed significant correlations. In contrast, running economy was not significantly related to performance. These results demonstrate that final treadmill velocity in an V̇O2max test is the single best predictor of 5000-m performance in untrained and trained states. Furthermore, stepwise regression analysis showed that only velocity at lactate threshold significantly improved the accuracy of prediction provided by final treadmill velocity alone. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart.
- Description: 2003008110
An evaluation of 30-km cycling time trial (TT30) pacing strategy through time-to-exhaustion at average TT30 pace
- Authors: Ham, Daniel , Knez, Wade
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association Vol. 23, no. 3 (2009), p. 1016-1021
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: A paucity of research is available on the optimal pacing strategy for cycling events longer than 4 km. Anecdotal evidence suggests that an even pacing strategy is most suitable; however, controlled studies have only determined that a slow start is more suitable than a fast start pacing strategy. Currently, it is unclear which strategy is more effective for endurance cycling time trials. This study sought to identify differences in 30-km cycling time trial (TT30) performance related to pacing strategies by comparing individually chosen pacing strategy with time-to-exhaustion (TE) at the average power output achieved during TT30. Eight moderately trained male cyclists (Vo2max = 50.9 +/- 5.2 mlxkgxmin) performed 2 TT30 tests and 2 TE tests at the average power output of TT30 on a Velotron cycle ergometer at the same time of day, separated by at least 48 hours. During TT30, participants generally chose to use a 'fast start' pacing strategy, cycling at a speed relative to the TT average (TTAvg) of 103.1 +/- 2.2% during the first 5 km. There was no significant difference in performance time between the TE test and TT30. Starting pace (TT0-5) was significantly correlated with finishing pace (TT25-30) (r = -0.91; p < 0.01) and TE (r = 0.85; p < 0.01). Subjects cycling at a relative starting speed (RS0-5) >105% had a significantly longer TE than subjects cycling at <105%, whereas TT30 performance time was not different between the two groups. The present investigation provided indirect evidence that a fast start pacing strategy decreases finishing speed and overall performance in TT30, and increased TT performance can be achieved by selecting a starting pace no more than 5% above TTAvg.
- Authors: Ham, Daniel , Knez, Wade
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of strength and conditioning research / National Strength & Conditioning Association Vol. 23, no. 3 (2009), p. 1016-1021
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: A paucity of research is available on the optimal pacing strategy for cycling events longer than 4 km. Anecdotal evidence suggests that an even pacing strategy is most suitable; however, controlled studies have only determined that a slow start is more suitable than a fast start pacing strategy. Currently, it is unclear which strategy is more effective for endurance cycling time trials. This study sought to identify differences in 30-km cycling time trial (TT30) performance related to pacing strategies by comparing individually chosen pacing strategy with time-to-exhaustion (TE) at the average power output achieved during TT30. Eight moderately trained male cyclists (Vo2max = 50.9 +/- 5.2 mlxkgxmin) performed 2 TT30 tests and 2 TE tests at the average power output of TT30 on a Velotron cycle ergometer at the same time of day, separated by at least 48 hours. During TT30, participants generally chose to use a 'fast start' pacing strategy, cycling at a speed relative to the TT average (TTAvg) of 103.1 +/- 2.2% during the first 5 km. There was no significant difference in performance time between the TE test and TT30. Starting pace (TT0-5) was significantly correlated with finishing pace (TT25-30) (r = -0.91; p < 0.01) and TE (r = 0.85; p < 0.01). Subjects cycling at a relative starting speed (RS0-5) >105% had a significantly longer TE than subjects cycling at <105%, whereas TT30 performance time was not different between the two groups. The present investigation provided indirect evidence that a fast start pacing strategy decreases finishing speed and overall performance in TT30, and increased TT performance can be achieved by selecting a starting pace no more than 5% above TTAvg.
Selection of potential endurance tests & Kinanthropometric measures: Report 2
- Payne, Warren, Brotherhood, John, Harvey, Jack, Knez, Wade, Kay, Bartholomew, Selig, Steve
- Authors: Payne, Warren , Brotherhood, John , Harvey, Jack , Knez, Wade , Kay, Bartholomew , Selig, Steve
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Report
- Relation: Defence Physical Employment Standards Projects: Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Military operational tasks are physically demanding and incur the risk of injury. In order to address the issues and costs associated with the high injury rates and focus on ways to reduce the risk of injury to Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel, the ADF Chiefs of Service Committee (COSC) has endorsed a number of injury prevention strategies aimed at examining, analysing and evaluating injury-related risks and hazards within the ADF. In line with those strategies, COSC has affirmed that ADF employment policy is to be competency based and agreed that physical employment standards should be developed for combat arms trades. The purpose of the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project (DPESP) is to develop these performance-based competency standards. The ADF has employed the services of the University of Ballarat (UB) to undertake the DPESP. This involves reviewing combat arms trade tasks (CATTs), establishing a set of criterion CATTs, developing a battery of simulation and predictive tests based on the criterion CATTs to be used to assess the physical competency of ADF combat personnel, and making recommendations for associated physical employment standards. In the initial phase, the study is focused on one Army corps - Infantry, and one Air Force mustering - Airfield Defence Guards (ADG)1. The aim of this work package was to identify a range of potential tests that may be used by the ADF to predict performance on trade tasks that involve a significant endurance component and potentially a significant strength-endurance component. The work package also aimed to identify a battery of kinanthropometric tests for use within the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project (DPESP). The method used was to review the relevant academic and Defence literature and to conduct a oneday workshop attended by subject matter experts from the UB team and the ADF. The workshop was conducted in a manner that enabled the participants to comment on the literature provided by way of a background briefing paper and to use their collective experience and expertise to identify a number of potential tests and measures in keeping with the overall aim of the work package. It was assumed that the criterion endurance trade task would be the 50 km pack march. The literature review identified a range of approaches to the selection or development of a test to predicted performance on the 50 km pack march. These approaches include the prediction of endurance capacity from: • a direct measure of a related trade task (e.g. a shorter pack march) (Approach A);
- Authors: Payne, Warren , Brotherhood, John , Harvey, Jack , Knez, Wade , Kay, Bartholomew , Selig, Steve
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Report
- Relation: Defence Physical Employment Standards Projects: Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Military operational tasks are physically demanding and incur the risk of injury. In order to address the issues and costs associated with the high injury rates and focus on ways to reduce the risk of injury to Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel, the ADF Chiefs of Service Committee (COSC) has endorsed a number of injury prevention strategies aimed at examining, analysing and evaluating injury-related risks and hazards within the ADF. In line with those strategies, COSC has affirmed that ADF employment policy is to be competency based and agreed that physical employment standards should be developed for combat arms trades. The purpose of the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project (DPESP) is to develop these performance-based competency standards. The ADF has employed the services of the University of Ballarat (UB) to undertake the DPESP. This involves reviewing combat arms trade tasks (CATTs), establishing a set of criterion CATTs, developing a battery of simulation and predictive tests based on the criterion CATTs to be used to assess the physical competency of ADF combat personnel, and making recommendations for associated physical employment standards. In the initial phase, the study is focused on one Army corps - Infantry, and one Air Force mustering - Airfield Defence Guards (ADG)1. The aim of this work package was to identify a range of potential tests that may be used by the ADF to predict performance on trade tasks that involve a significant endurance component and potentially a significant strength-endurance component. The work package also aimed to identify a battery of kinanthropometric tests for use within the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project (DPESP). The method used was to review the relevant academic and Defence literature and to conduct a oneday workshop attended by subject matter experts from the UB team and the ADF. The workshop was conducted in a manner that enabled the participants to comment on the literature provided by way of a background briefing paper and to use their collective experience and expertise to identify a number of potential tests and measures in keeping with the overall aim of the work package. It was assumed that the criterion endurance trade task would be the 50 km pack march. The literature review identified a range of approaches to the selection or development of a test to predicted performance on the 50 km pack march. These approaches include the prediction of endurance capacity from: • a direct measure of a related trade task (e.g. a shorter pack march) (Approach A);
Normative physical performance data: Infantry and ADG: Report 11
- Payne, Warren, Harvey, Jack, Knez, Wade, Selig, Steve, Sinclair, Wade, Ham, Daniel, Lee, Craig
- Authors: Payne, Warren , Harvey, Jack , Knez, Wade , Selig, Steve , Sinclair, Wade , Ham, Daniel , Lee, Craig
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Report
- Relation: Defence Physical Employment Standards Projects: Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Military operational tasks are physically demanding and incur the risk of injury. In order to address the issues and costs associated with the high injury rates and focus on ways to reduce the risk of injury to Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel, the ADF Chiefs of Service Committee (COSC) has endorsed a number of injury prevention strategies aimed at examining, analysing and evaluating injury-related risks and hazards within the ADF. In line with those strategies, COSC has affirmed that ADF employment policy is to be competency based and agreed that physical employment standards should be developed for combat arms trades. The purpose of the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project (DPESP) is to develop these performance-based competency standards. The ADF has employed the services of the University of Ballarat (UB) to undertake the DPESP. This involves reviewing combat arms trade tasks (CATTs), establishing a set of criterion CATTs, developing a battery of simulation and predictive tests based on the criterion CATTs to be used to assess the physical competency of ADF combat personnel, and making recommendations for associated physical employment standards.
- Authors: Payne, Warren , Harvey, Jack , Knez, Wade , Selig, Steve , Sinclair, Wade , Ham, Daniel , Lee, Craig
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Report
- Relation: Defence Physical Employment Standards Projects: Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Military operational tasks are physically demanding and incur the risk of injury. In order to address the issues and costs associated with the high injury rates and focus on ways to reduce the risk of injury to Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel, the ADF Chiefs of Service Committee (COSC) has endorsed a number of injury prevention strategies aimed at examining, analysing and evaluating injury-related risks and hazards within the ADF. In line with those strategies, COSC has affirmed that ADF employment policy is to be competency based and agreed that physical employment standards should be developed for combat arms trades. The purpose of the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project (DPESP) is to develop these performance-based competency standards. The ADF has employed the services of the University of Ballarat (UB) to undertake the DPESP. This involves reviewing combat arms trade tasks (CATTs), establishing a set of criterion CATTs, developing a battery of simulation and predictive tests based on the criterion CATTs to be used to assess the physical competency of ADF combat personnel, and making recommendations for associated physical employment standards.
Physical performance tests and standards: Infantry and ADG: Report 12
- Payne, Warren, Harvey, Jack, Brotherhood, John, Knez, Wade, Ham, Daniel
- Authors: Payne, Warren , Harvey, Jack , Brotherhood, John , Knez, Wade , Ham, Daniel
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Report
- Relation: Defence Physical Employment Standards Project: Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Military operational tasks are physically demanding and incur the risk of injury. In order to address the issues and costs associated with the high injury rates and focus on ways to reduce the risk of injury to Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel, the ADF Chiefs of Service Committee (COSC) has endorsed a number of injury prevention strategies aimed at examining, analysing and evaluating injury-related risks and hazards within the ADF. In line with those strategies, COSC has affirmed that ADF employment policy is to be competency based and agreed that physical employment standards should be developed for combat arms trades. The purpose of the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project (DPESP) is to develop these performance-based competency standards. The ADF has employed the services of the University of Ballarat (UB) to undertake the DPESP. This involves reviewing combat arms trade tasks (CATTs), establishing a set of criterion CATTs, developing a battery of simulation and predictive tests based on the criterion CATTs to be used to assess the physical competency of ADF combat personnel, and making recommendations for associated physical employment standards. In the initial phase, the study is focused on one Army corps - Infantry, and one Air Force mustering - Airfield Defence Guards (ADG).
- Authors: Payne, Warren , Harvey, Jack , Brotherhood, John , Knez, Wade , Ham, Daniel
- Date: 2007
- Type: Text , Report
- Relation: Defence Physical Employment Standards Project: Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Military operational tasks are physically demanding and incur the risk of injury. In order to address the issues and costs associated with the high injury rates and focus on ways to reduce the risk of injury to Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel, the ADF Chiefs of Service Committee (COSC) has endorsed a number of injury prevention strategies aimed at examining, analysing and evaluating injury-related risks and hazards within the ADF. In line with those strategies, COSC has affirmed that ADF employment policy is to be competency based and agreed that physical employment standards should be developed for combat arms trades. The purpose of the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project (DPESP) is to develop these performance-based competency standards. The ADF has employed the services of the University of Ballarat (UB) to undertake the DPESP. This involves reviewing combat arms trade tasks (CATTs), establishing a set of criterion CATTs, developing a battery of simulation and predictive tests based on the criterion CATTs to be used to assess the physical competency of ADF combat personnel, and making recommendations for associated physical employment standards. In the initial phase, the study is focused on one Army corps - Infantry, and one Air Force mustering - Airfield Defence Guards (ADG).
Six minute walk distance is greater when performed in a group than alone
- Grindrod, D., Paton, Carl, Knez, Wade, O'Brien, Brendan
- Authors: Grindrod, D. , Paton, Carl , Knez, Wade , O'Brien, Brendan
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: British Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 40, no. 10 (Oct 2006), p. 876-877
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: To investigate whether the distance covered in the six minute walk test was affected by walking with a group of others in comparison with performing the test alone. Methods: Eight healthy men ( mean (SD) age 21.0 (0.9) years) and eight healthy women ( mean ( SD) age 20.8 (2.0) years) performed in random order two six minute walk tests either alone or in a group of four on two separate occasions one week apart. Results: Distance covered increased significantly from a mean of 653 ( 61) m in the individual male tests to 735 (79) m in the male group tests ( p< 0.05), and 616 ( 75) m in the individual female tests to 701 ( 54) m in the female group tests ( p< 0.01). The men increased the distance walked in six minutes by 12.5% and the women by 13.7% when they performed the test as a group. Conclusion: Performing the six minute walk test in a group facilitates its execution.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003002117
- Authors: Grindrod, D. , Paton, Carl , Knez, Wade , O'Brien, Brendan
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: British Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 40, no. 10 (Oct 2006), p. 876-877
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: To investigate whether the distance covered in the six minute walk test was affected by walking with a group of others in comparison with performing the test alone. Methods: Eight healthy men ( mean (SD) age 21.0 (0.9) years) and eight healthy women ( mean ( SD) age 20.8 (2.0) years) performed in random order two six minute walk tests either alone or in a group of four on two separate occasions one week apart. Results: Distance covered increased significantly from a mean of 653 ( 61) m in the individual male tests to 735 (79) m in the male group tests ( p< 0.05), and 616 ( 75) m in the individual female tests to 701 ( 54) m in the female group tests ( p< 0.01). The men increased the distance walked in six minutes by 12.5% and the women by 13.7% when they performed the test as a group. Conclusion: Performing the six minute walk test in a group facilitates its execution.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003002117
Caffeine has a small effect on 5-km running performance of well-trained and recreational runners
- O'Rourke, Matthew, O'Brien, Brendan, Knez, Wade, Paton, Carl
- Authors: O'Rourke, Matthew , O'Brien, Brendan , Knez, Wade , Paton, Carl
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 11, no. 2 (2008), p. 231-233
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate if caffeine ingestion improves 5-km time-trial performance in well-trained and recreational runners. Using a double-blind placebo-controlled design, 15 well-trained and 15 recreational runners completed two randomized 5-km time-trials, after ingestion of either 5 mg kg-1 of caffeine or a placebo. Caffeine ingestion significantly improved 5-km running performance in both the well-trained and recreational runners. In comparison to the placebo trial, the caffeine trial resulted in 1.1% (90% CI 0.4-1.6) and 1.0% (0.2-2%) faster times for the well-trained and recreational runners. Reliability testing of the recreational runners indicated a test-retest error of measurement of 1.4%. We conclude that caffeine ingestion is likely to produce small but significant gains in 5-km running performance for both well-trained and recreational runners. © 2007 Sports Medicine Australia.
- Description: C1
- Authors: O'Rourke, Matthew , O'Brien, Brendan , Knez, Wade , Paton, Carl
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 11, no. 2 (2008), p. 231-233
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The purpose of this study was to investigate if caffeine ingestion improves 5-km time-trial performance in well-trained and recreational runners. Using a double-blind placebo-controlled design, 15 well-trained and 15 recreational runners completed two randomized 5-km time-trials, after ingestion of either 5 mg kg-1 of caffeine or a placebo. Caffeine ingestion significantly improved 5-km running performance in both the well-trained and recreational runners. In comparison to the placebo trial, the caffeine trial resulted in 1.1% (90% CI 0.4-1.6) and 1.0% (0.2-2%) faster times for the well-trained and recreational runners. Reliability testing of the recreational runners indicated a test-retest error of measurement of 1.4%. We conclude that caffeine ingestion is likely to produce small but significant gains in 5-km running performance for both well-trained and recreational runners. © 2007 Sports Medicine Australia.
- Description: C1
Trade tasks movement analysis: Infantry and ADG: Report 4
- Payne, Warren, Knez, Wade, Harvey, Jack, Sinclair, Wade, Elias, George, Ham, Daniel
- Authors: Payne, Warren , Knez, Wade , Harvey, Jack , Sinclair, Wade , Elias, George , Ham, Daniel
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Report
- Relation: Defence Physical employment standards project: Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel, the ADF Chiefs of Service Committee (COSC) has endorsed a number of injury prevention strategies aimed at examining, analysing and evaluating injury-related risks and hazards within the ADF. In line with those strategies, COSC has affirmed that ADF employment policy is to be competency based and agreed that physical employment standards should be developed for combat arms trades. The purpose of the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project (DPESP) is to develop these performance-based competency standards. The ADF has employed the services of the University of Ballarat (UB) to undertake the DPESP. This involves reviewing combat arms trade tasks (CATTs), establishing a set of criterion CATTs, developing a battery of simulation and predictive tests based on the criterion CATTs to be used to assess the physical competency of ADF combat personnel, and making recommendations for associated physical employment standards. In the initial phase, the study is focused on one Army corps - Infantry, and one Air Force mustering - Airfield Defence Guards (ADG)
- Authors: Payne, Warren , Knez, Wade , Harvey, Jack , Sinclair, Wade , Elias, George , Ham, Daniel
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Report
- Relation: Defence Physical employment standards project: Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel, the ADF Chiefs of Service Committee (COSC) has endorsed a number of injury prevention strategies aimed at examining, analysing and evaluating injury-related risks and hazards within the ADF. In line with those strategies, COSC has affirmed that ADF employment policy is to be competency based and agreed that physical employment standards should be developed for combat arms trades. The purpose of the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project (DPESP) is to develop these performance-based competency standards. The ADF has employed the services of the University of Ballarat (UB) to undertake the DPESP. This involves reviewing combat arms trade tasks (CATTs), establishing a set of criterion CATTs, developing a battery of simulation and predictive tests based on the criterion CATTs to be used to assess the physical competency of ADF combat personnel, and making recommendations for associated physical employment standards. In the initial phase, the study is focused on one Army corps - Infantry, and one Air Force mustering - Airfield Defence Guards (ADG)
Selected of criterion trade tasks: Infantry and ADG: Report 8
- Payne, Warren, Harvey, Jack, Knez, Wade, Brotherhood, John, Culvenor, John, Selig, Steve, Ham, Daniel
- Authors: Payne, Warren , Harvey, Jack , Knez, Wade , Brotherhood, John , Culvenor, John , Selig, Steve , Ham, Daniel
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Report
- Relation: Defence Physical Employment Standards Projects: Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Military operational tasks are physically demanding and incur the risk of injury. In order to address the issues and costs associated with the high injury rates and focus on ways to reduce the risk of injury to Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel, the ADF Chiefs of Service Committee (COSC) has endorsed a number of injury prevention strategies aimed at examining, analysing and evaluating injury-related risks and hazards within the ADF. In line with those strategies, COSC has affirmed that ADF employment policy is to be competency based and agreed that physical employment standards should be developed for combat arms trades. The purpose of the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project (DPESP) is to develop these performance-based competency standards. The ADF has employed the services of the University of Ballarat (UB) to undertake the DPESP. This involves reviewing combat arms trade tasks (CATTs), establishing a set of criterion CATTs, developing a battery of simulation and predictive tests based on the criterion CATTs to be used to assess the physical competency of ADF combat personnel, and making recommendations for associated physical employment standards. In the initial phase, the study is focused on one Army corps - Infantry, and one Air Force mustering - Airfield Defence Guards (ADG)1.
- Authors: Payne, Warren , Harvey, Jack , Knez, Wade , Brotherhood, John , Culvenor, John , Selig, Steve , Ham, Daniel
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Report
- Relation: Defence Physical Employment Standards Projects: Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Military operational tasks are physically demanding and incur the risk of injury. In order to address the issues and costs associated with the high injury rates and focus on ways to reduce the risk of injury to Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel, the ADF Chiefs of Service Committee (COSC) has endorsed a number of injury prevention strategies aimed at examining, analysing and evaluating injury-related risks and hazards within the ADF. In line with those strategies, COSC has affirmed that ADF employment policy is to be competency based and agreed that physical employment standards should be developed for combat arms trades. The purpose of the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project (DPESP) is to develop these performance-based competency standards. The ADF has employed the services of the University of Ballarat (UB) to undertake the DPESP. This involves reviewing combat arms trade tasks (CATTs), establishing a set of criterion CATTs, developing a battery of simulation and predictive tests based on the criterion CATTs to be used to assess the physical competency of ADF combat personnel, and making recommendations for associated physical employment standards. In the initial phase, the study is focused on one Army corps - Infantry, and one Air Force mustering - Airfield Defence Guards (ADG)1.
Reliability of potential physical employment tests: Infantry and ADG: Report 10
- Harvey, Jack, Payne, Warren, Knez, Wade, Ham, Daniel
- Authors: Harvey, Jack , Payne, Warren , Knez, Wade , Ham, Daniel
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Report
- Relation: Defence Physical Employment Standards Project. Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Military operational tasks are physically demanding and incur the risk of injury. In order to address the issues and costs associated with the high injury rates and focus on ways to reduce the risk of injury to Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel, the ADF Chiefs of Service Committee (COSC) has endorsed a number of injury prevention strategies aimed at examining, analysing and evaluating injury-related risks and hazards within the ADF. In line with those strategies, COSC has affirmed that ADF employment policy is to be competency based and agreed that physical employment standards should be developed for combat arms trades. The purpose of the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project (DPESP) is to develop these performance-based competency standards. The ADF has employed the services of the University of Ballarat (UB) to undertake the DPESP. This involves reviewing combat arms trade tasks (CATTs), establishing a set of criterion CATTs, developing a battery of simulation and predictive tests based on the criterion CATTs to be used to assess the physical competency of ADF combat personnel, and making recommendations for associated physical employment standards. In the initial phase, the study is focused on one Army corps - Infantry, and one Air Force mustering - Airfield Defence Guards (ADG).
- Authors: Harvey, Jack , Payne, Warren , Knez, Wade , Ham, Daniel
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Report
- Relation: Defence Physical Employment Standards Project. Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Military operational tasks are physically demanding and incur the risk of injury. In order to address the issues and costs associated with the high injury rates and focus on ways to reduce the risk of injury to Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel, the ADF Chiefs of Service Committee (COSC) has endorsed a number of injury prevention strategies aimed at examining, analysing and evaluating injury-related risks and hazards within the ADF. In line with those strategies, COSC has affirmed that ADF employment policy is to be competency based and agreed that physical employment standards should be developed for combat arms trades. The purpose of the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project (DPESP) is to develop these performance-based competency standards. The ADF has employed the services of the University of Ballarat (UB) to undertake the DPESP. This involves reviewing combat arms trade tasks (CATTs), establishing a set of criterion CATTs, developing a battery of simulation and predictive tests based on the criterion CATTs to be used to assess the physical competency of ADF combat personnel, and making recommendations for associated physical employment standards. In the initial phase, the study is focused on one Army corps - Infantry, and one Air Force mustering - Airfield Defence Guards (ADG).
The effect of physically demanding infantry and ADG trade tasks on cognitive performance: A pilot observational study: Report 6
- Knez, Wade, Harvey, Jack, Payne, Warren
- Authors: Knez, Wade , Harvey, Jack , Payne, Warren
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Report
- Relation: Defence Physical Employment Standards Project: Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Military operational tasks are physically demanding and incur the risk of injury. In order to address the issues and costs associated with the high injury rates and focus on ways to reduce the risk of injury to Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel, the ADF Chiefs of Service Committee (COSC) has endorsed a number of injury prevention strategies aimed at examining, analysing and evaluating injury-related risks and hazards within the ADF. In line with those strategies, COSC has affirmed that ADF employment policy is to be competency based and agreed that physical employment standards should be developed for combat arms trades. The purpose of the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project (DPESP) is to develop these performance-based competency standards. The ADF has employed the services of the University of Ballarat (UB) to undertake the DPESP. This involves reviewing combat arms trade tasks (CATTs), establishing a set of criterion CATTs, developing a battery of simulation and predictive tests based on the criterion CATTs to be used to assess the physical competency of ADF combat personnel, and making recommendations for associated physical employment standards. In the initial phase, the study is focused on one Army corps - Infantry, and one Air Force mustering - Airfield Defence Guards (ADG)1.
- Authors: Knez, Wade , Harvey, Jack , Payne, Warren
- Date: 2005
- Type: Text , Report
- Relation: Defence Physical Employment Standards Project: Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Military operational tasks are physically demanding and incur the risk of injury. In order to address the issues and costs associated with the high injury rates and focus on ways to reduce the risk of injury to Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel, the ADF Chiefs of Service Committee (COSC) has endorsed a number of injury prevention strategies aimed at examining, analysing and evaluating injury-related risks and hazards within the ADF. In line with those strategies, COSC has affirmed that ADF employment policy is to be competency based and agreed that physical employment standards should be developed for combat arms trades. The purpose of the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project (DPESP) is to develop these performance-based competency standards. The ADF has employed the services of the University of Ballarat (UB) to undertake the DPESP. This involves reviewing combat arms trade tasks (CATTs), establishing a set of criterion CATTs, developing a battery of simulation and predictive tests based on the criterion CATTs to be used to assess the physical competency of ADF combat personnel, and making recommendations for associated physical employment standards. In the initial phase, the study is focused on one Army corps - Infantry, and one Air Force mustering - Airfield Defence Guards (ADG)1.
Trade tasks risk analysis and risk mitigation: Infantry and ADG. Report 5
- Culvenor, John, Pascoe, Deborah, Payne, Warren, Harvey, Jack, Knez, Wade, Cunningham, John
- Authors: Culvenor, John , Pascoe, Deborah , Payne, Warren , Harvey, Jack , Knez, Wade , Cunningham, John
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Report
- Relation: Defence Physical Employment Standards Project. Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Military operational tasks are physically demanding and incur risks for injury. In order to address the issues and costs associated with the high injury rates and focus on ways to reduce the risk of injury to Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel, the ADF Chiefs of Service Committee (COSC) has endorsed a number of injury prevention strategies aimed at examining, analysing and evaluating injury-related risks and hazards within the ADF. In line with those strategies, COSC has affirmed that ADF employment policy is to be competency based and agreed that physical employment standards should be developed for combat arms trades. The purpose of the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project (DPESP) is to develop these performance-based competency standards. The ADF has employed the services of the University of Ballarat (UB) to undertake the DPESP. This involves reviewing combat arms trade tasks (CATTs), establishing a set of criterion CATTs, developing a battery of simulation and predictive tests based on the criterion CATTs to be used to assess the physical competency of ADF combat personnel, and making recommendations for associated physical employment standards. In the initial phase, the study is focused on one Army corps - Infantry, and one Air Force mustering - Airfield Defence Guards (ADG). The central purposes of this component of the work were: • to perform a risk analysis for the dual purposes of developing a risk register for general use and identifying risk issues in relation to the development of physical employment standards which pose a minimum possible risk to test candidates; and • to identify risk mitigation strategies that may be implemented or developed for use in Infantry and/or Airfield Defence Guard
- Authors: Culvenor, John , Pascoe, Deborah , Payne, Warren , Harvey, Jack , Knez, Wade , Cunningham, John
- Date: 2006
- Type: Text , Report
- Relation: Defence Physical Employment Standards Project. Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Military operational tasks are physically demanding and incur risks for injury. In order to address the issues and costs associated with the high injury rates and focus on ways to reduce the risk of injury to Australian Defence Force (ADF) personnel, the ADF Chiefs of Service Committee (COSC) has endorsed a number of injury prevention strategies aimed at examining, analysing and evaluating injury-related risks and hazards within the ADF. In line with those strategies, COSC has affirmed that ADF employment policy is to be competency based and agreed that physical employment standards should be developed for combat arms trades. The purpose of the Defence Physical Employment Standards Project (DPESP) is to develop these performance-based competency standards. The ADF has employed the services of the University of Ballarat (UB) to undertake the DPESP. This involves reviewing combat arms trade tasks (CATTs), establishing a set of criterion CATTs, developing a battery of simulation and predictive tests based on the criterion CATTs to be used to assess the physical competency of ADF combat personnel, and making recommendations for associated physical employment standards. In the initial phase, the study is focused on one Army corps - Infantry, and one Air Force mustering - Airfield Defence Guards (ADG). The central purposes of this component of the work were: • to perform a risk analysis for the dual purposes of developing a risk register for general use and identifying risk issues in relation to the development of physical employment standards which pose a minimum possible risk to test candidates; and • to identify risk mitigation strategies that may be implemented or developed for use in Infantry and/or Airfield Defence Guard
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