Home advantage and LBW decisions : the contribution of umpiring to the home-ground (dis)advantage in cricket
- Adie, Joshua, Renshaw, Ian, Polman, Remco, Mann, David
- Authors: Adie, Joshua , Renshaw, Ian , Polman, Remco , Mann, David
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 25, no. 6 (2022), p. 520-523
- Full Text:
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- Description: Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether elite cricket umpires' decisions contribute to home advantage via leg-before-wicket decisions. Design: Leg-before-wicket decisions (n = 4971) from actual elite level cricket matches in Australia between 2009 and 2016 were analysed using a binomial logistic regression to predict the umpires' leg-before-wicket decisions. Methods: Regressions were performed to determine whether the batter's team (home or away) influenced the likelihood that the umpire would give them out leg-before-wicket. Results: We found no evidence of home advantage in umpires' leg-before-wicket decisions. In fact, we found evidence that umpires in some instances disadvantage the home team. Conclusions: We suggest that the increased professionalism of sports officials, and the scrutiny they are placed under, may lead umpires to reduce or even overcompensate for any existing biases in their decision making. © 2022 Sports Medicine Australia
- Authors: Adie, Joshua , Renshaw, Ian , Polman, Remco , Mann, David
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 25, no. 6 (2022), p. 520-523
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether elite cricket umpires' decisions contribute to home advantage via leg-before-wicket decisions. Design: Leg-before-wicket decisions (n = 4971) from actual elite level cricket matches in Australia between 2009 and 2016 were analysed using a binomial logistic regression to predict the umpires' leg-before-wicket decisions. Methods: Regressions were performed to determine whether the batter's team (home or away) influenced the likelihood that the umpire would give them out leg-before-wicket. Results: We found no evidence of home advantage in umpires' leg-before-wicket decisions. In fact, we found evidence that umpires in some instances disadvantage the home team. Conclusions: We suggest that the increased professionalism of sports officials, and the scrutiny they are placed under, may lead umpires to reduce or even overcompensate for any existing biases in their decision making. © 2022 Sports Medicine Australia
Self-assembled peptide habitats to model tumor metastasis
- Al Balushi, Noora, Boyd-Moss, Mitchell, Samarasinghe, Rasika, Rifai, Aaqil, Franks, Stephanie, Firipis, Kate, Long, Benjamin, Darby, Ian, Nisbet, David, Pouniotis, Dodie, Williams, Richard
- Authors: Al Balushi, Noora , Boyd-Moss, Mitchell , Samarasinghe, Rasika , Rifai, Aaqil , Franks, Stephanie , Firipis, Kate , Long, Benjamin , Darby, Ian , Nisbet, David , Pouniotis, Dodie , Williams, Richard
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Gels Vol. 8, no. 6 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
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- Description: Metastatic tumours are complex ecosystems; a community of multiple cell types, including cancerous cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells that exist within a supportive and specific microenvironment. The interplay of these cells, together with tissue specific chemical, structural and temporal signals within a three-dimensional (3D) habitat, direct tumour cell behavior, a subtlety that can be easily lost in 2D tissue culture. Here, we investigate a significantly improved tool, consisting of a novel matrix of functionally programmed peptide sequences, self-assembled into a scaffold to enable the growth and the migration of multicellular lung tumour spheroids, as proof-of-concept. This 3D functional model aims to mimic the biological, chemical, and contextual cues of an in vivo tumor more closely than a typically used, unstructured hydrogel, allowing spatial and temporal activity modelling. This approach shows promise as a cancer model, enhancing current understandings of how tumours progress and spread over time within their microenvironment. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Authors: Al Balushi, Noora , Boyd-Moss, Mitchell , Samarasinghe, Rasika , Rifai, Aaqil , Franks, Stephanie , Firipis, Kate , Long, Benjamin , Darby, Ian , Nisbet, David , Pouniotis, Dodie , Williams, Richard
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Gels Vol. 8, no. 6 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Metastatic tumours are complex ecosystems; a community of multiple cell types, including cancerous cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells that exist within a supportive and specific microenvironment. The interplay of these cells, together with tissue specific chemical, structural and temporal signals within a three-dimensional (3D) habitat, direct tumour cell behavior, a subtlety that can be easily lost in 2D tissue culture. Here, we investigate a significantly improved tool, consisting of a novel matrix of functionally programmed peptide sequences, self-assembled into a scaffold to enable the growth and the migration of multicellular lung tumour spheroids, as proof-of-concept. This 3D functional model aims to mimic the biological, chemical, and contextual cues of an in vivo tumor more closely than a typically used, unstructured hydrogel, allowing spatial and temporal activity modelling. This approach shows promise as a cancer model, enhancing current understandings of how tumours progress and spread over time within their microenvironment. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
The combined effect of cranial-nerve non-invasive neuromodulation with high-intensity physiotherapy on gait and balance in a patient with cerebellar degeneration: a case report
- Bastani, Andisheh, Cofré Lizama, L. Eduardo, Zoghi, Maryam, Blashki, Grant, Davis, Stephen, Kaye, Andrew, Khan, Fary, Galea, Mary
- Authors: Bastani, Andisheh , Cofré Lizama, L. Eduardo , Zoghi, Maryam , Blashki, Grant , Davis, Stephen , Kaye, Andrew , Khan, Fary , Galea, Mary
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Cerebellum Ataxias Vol. 5, no. 1 (2018), p. 6
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- Description: Cranial-nerve non-invasive neuromodulation (CN-NINM) using the portable neuromodulation stimulator (PoNS™ device has been proposed as a novel adjuvant intervention to improve efficacy of gait and balance. This device modulates input and output signals during motor tasks which prompts neuroplastic changes. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of physiotherapy using the PoNS™ in a case with cerebellar degeneration. The PoNS™ was used during a high-intensity physiotherapy programme delivered over 2 weeks (2 × 1.5 h sessions daily). Clinical and instrumented gait and balance tests were applied pre- and post-intervention. The patient improved in all tests without any adverse effects. This study showed the efficacy and feasibility of combined high-intensity physiotherapy and CN-NINM for gait and balance rehabilitation. Further studies should explore CN-NINM effects in larger and more diverse samples of neurological patients.
- Authors: Bastani, Andisheh , Cofré Lizama, L. Eduardo , Zoghi, Maryam , Blashki, Grant , Davis, Stephen , Kaye, Andrew , Khan, Fary , Galea, Mary
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Cerebellum Ataxias Vol. 5, no. 1 (2018), p. 6
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Cranial-nerve non-invasive neuromodulation (CN-NINM) using the portable neuromodulation stimulator (PoNS™ device has been proposed as a novel adjuvant intervention to improve efficacy of gait and balance. This device modulates input and output signals during motor tasks which prompts neuroplastic changes. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of physiotherapy using the PoNS™ in a case with cerebellar degeneration. The PoNS™ was used during a high-intensity physiotherapy programme delivered over 2 weeks (2 × 1.5 h sessions daily). Clinical and instrumented gait and balance tests were applied pre- and post-intervention. The patient improved in all tests without any adverse effects. This study showed the efficacy and feasibility of combined high-intensity physiotherapy and CN-NINM for gait and balance rehabilitation. Further studies should explore CN-NINM effects in larger and more diverse samples of neurological patients.
The impact of progressive overload on the proportion and frequency of positive cardio-respiratory fitness responders
- Bell, Leo, McNicol, Ashleigh, McNeil, Elizabeth, Nguyen, Huy, Hunter, Jayden, O'Brien, Brendan
- Authors: Bell, Leo , McNicol, Ashleigh , McNeil, Elizabeth , Nguyen, Huy , Hunter, Jayden , O'Brien, Brendan
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 26, no. 10 (2023), p. 561-563
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- Description: The proportion of individuals whose cardio-respiratory fitness change after endurance training does not exceed the test's measurement error can be 40 %. We determined if progressively increasing treadmill run intensity compared to maintaining the same run intensity, improved the responder proportion to a 6-week 20-minute treadmill training regimen. The intervention response standard deviation method estimated the proportion of responders attributable to progressively increasing run intensity. The mixed-effects model demonstrated V̇O2 peak improved significantly more in the progressive versus constant run intensity group. The proportion of V̇O2 peak responses above the smallest worthwhile change attributable to progressively increasing run intensity was 63.6 %. © 2023 The Author(s)
- Authors: Bell, Leo , McNicol, Ashleigh , McNeil, Elizabeth , Nguyen, Huy , Hunter, Jayden , O'Brien, Brendan
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 26, no. 10 (2023), p. 561-563
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The proportion of individuals whose cardio-respiratory fitness change after endurance training does not exceed the test's measurement error can be 40 %. We determined if progressively increasing treadmill run intensity compared to maintaining the same run intensity, improved the responder proportion to a 6-week 20-minute treadmill training regimen. The intervention response standard deviation method estimated the proportion of responders attributable to progressively increasing run intensity. The mixed-effects model demonstrated V̇O2 peak improved significantly more in the progressive versus constant run intensity group. The proportion of V̇O2 peak responses above the smallest worthwhile change attributable to progressively increasing run intensity was 63.6 %. © 2023 The Author(s)
Reliability of the ICECAP-O quality of life scale with community-dwelling people with dementia
- Bibi, Iram, Polman, Remco, Nyman, Samuel
- Authors: Bibi, Iram , Polman, Remco , Nyman, Samuel
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine Vol. 8, no. (2022), p.
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- Description: Currently, measures of quality of life used with older people with dementia (PWD) are mainly health related. Health is not an actual attribute of but a means to attain quality of life. The Investigating Choice Experiments for the Preferences of Older People - CAPability index (ICECAP-O) measures attributes of quality of life. While its construct validity has been tested with PWD, no study has yet published data on the reliability of this scale used directly with PWD. In this study, we tested the external (test-retest) reliability of the ICECAP-O with 54 community-dwelling older PWD from the south of England. The ICECAP-O had acceptable test-retest reliability (r =.68, p <.01 and r =.56, p <.01 for raw and tariff scores, respectively). This suggests that the ICECAP-O is both a reliable and valid measure of quality of life for use directly with community-dwelling PWD. © The Author(s) 2022.
- Authors: Bibi, Iram , Polman, Remco , Nyman, Samuel
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine Vol. 8, no. (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Currently, measures of quality of life used with older people with dementia (PWD) are mainly health related. Health is not an actual attribute of but a means to attain quality of life. The Investigating Choice Experiments for the Preferences of Older People - CAPability index (ICECAP-O) measures attributes of quality of life. While its construct validity has been tested with PWD, no study has yet published data on the reliability of this scale used directly with PWD. In this study, we tested the external (test-retest) reliability of the ICECAP-O with 54 community-dwelling older PWD from the south of England. The ICECAP-O had acceptable test-retest reliability (r =.68, p <.01 and r =.56, p <.01 for raw and tariff scores, respectively). This suggests that the ICECAP-O is both a reliable and valid measure of quality of life for use directly with community-dwelling PWD. © The Author(s) 2022.
Short-term effect of additional daily dietary fibre intake on appetite, satiety, gastrointestinal comfort, acceptability, and feasibility
- Borkoles, Erika, Krastins, Digby, van der Pols, Jolieke, Sims, Paul, Polman, Remco
- Authors: Borkoles, Erika , Krastins, Digby , van der Pols, Jolieke , Sims, Paul , Polman, Remco
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Nutrients Vol. 14, no. 19 (2022), p.
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- Description: Background: There is evidence that high-fibre diets have significant health benefits, although the effect of increasing fibre on individuals’ appetite, satiety, and gastrointestinal comfort is not well established, nor is its acceptability and feasibility. Methods: This mixed-methods feasibility randomised control trial included 38 participants allocated to one of three conditions: FibreMAX (two daily servings of 25 g of BARLEYmax®), FibreGRAD (two daily servings with the amount of fibre gradually increased), and Control (two daily servings totalling 25 g of placebo product). Participants completed a food diary at baseline. The Hunger and Fullness Questionnaire and questions regarding gastrointestinal response were completed at baseline and at the end of each week. Participants completed the acceptability of intervention measure and engaged in a semi-structured interview, following trial completion. Results: The qualitative data suggested that increased fibre influenced appetite and fullness perceptions. Baseline fibre consumption and the method of increased fibre increase did not influence our findings. The qualitative results also indicated that the fibre intake was perceived as beneficial to well-being; it influenced feelings of hunger and caused some minor acute gastrointestinal symptoms that dissipated after a short adaption period. Conclusion: This study suggests that increasing fibre intake through BARLEYmax® is a safe intervention that is acceptable to participants. © 2022 by the authors.
- Authors: Borkoles, Erika , Krastins, Digby , van der Pols, Jolieke , Sims, Paul , Polman, Remco
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Nutrients Vol. 14, no. 19 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: There is evidence that high-fibre diets have significant health benefits, although the effect of increasing fibre on individuals’ appetite, satiety, and gastrointestinal comfort is not well established, nor is its acceptability and feasibility. Methods: This mixed-methods feasibility randomised control trial included 38 participants allocated to one of three conditions: FibreMAX (two daily servings of 25 g of BARLEYmax®), FibreGRAD (two daily servings with the amount of fibre gradually increased), and Control (two daily servings totalling 25 g of placebo product). Participants completed a food diary at baseline. The Hunger and Fullness Questionnaire and questions regarding gastrointestinal response were completed at baseline and at the end of each week. Participants completed the acceptability of intervention measure and engaged in a semi-structured interview, following trial completion. Results: The qualitative data suggested that increased fibre influenced appetite and fullness perceptions. Baseline fibre consumption and the method of increased fibre increase did not influence our findings. The qualitative results also indicated that the fibre intake was perceived as beneficial to well-being; it influenced feelings of hunger and caused some minor acute gastrointestinal symptoms that dissipated after a short adaption period. Conclusion: This study suggests that increasing fibre intake through BARLEYmax® is a safe intervention that is acceptable to participants. © 2022 by the authors.
Gambling disorder in the UK : key research priorities and the urgent need for independent research funding
- Bowden-Jones, Henrietta, Hook, Roxanne, Grant, Jon, Ioannidis, Konstantinos, Corazza, Ornella, Fineberg, Naomi, Singer, Bryan, Roberts, Amanda, Bethlehem, Richard, Dymond, Simon, Romero-Garcia, Rafa, Robbins, Trevor, Cortese, Samuele, Thomas, Shane, Sahakian, Barbara, Dowling, Nicki, Chamberlain, Samuel
- Authors: Bowden-Jones, Henrietta , Hook, Roxanne , Grant, Jon , Ioannidis, Konstantinos , Corazza, Ornella , Fineberg, Naomi , Singer, Bryan , Roberts, Amanda , Bethlehem, Richard , Dymond, Simon , Romero-Garcia, Rafa , Robbins, Trevor , Cortese, Samuele , Thomas, Shane , Sahakian, Barbara , Dowling, Nicki , Chamberlain, Samuel
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: The Lancet Psychiatry Vol. 9, no. 4 (2022), p. 321-329
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Gambling in the modern era is pervasive owing to the variety of gambling opportunities available, including those that use technology (eg, online applications on smartphones). Although many people gamble recreationally without undue negative effects, a sizeable subset of individuals develop disordered gambling, which is associated with marked functional impairment including other mental health problems, relationship problems, bankruptcy, suicidality, and criminality. The National UK Research Network for Behavioural Addictions (NUK-BA) was established to promote understanding of, research into, and treatments for behavioural addictions including gambling disorder, which is the only formally recognised behavioural addiction. In this Health Policy paper, we outline the status of research and treatment for disordered gambling in the UK (including funding issues) and key research that should be conducted to establish the magnitude of the problem, vulnerability and resilience factors, the underlying neurobiology, long-term consequences, and treatment opportunities. In particular, we emphasise the need to: (1) conduct independent longitudinal research into the prevalence of disordered gambling (including gambling disorder and at-risk gambling), and gambling harms, including in vulnerable and minoritised groups; (2) select and refine the most suitable pragmatic measurement tools; (3) identify predictors (eg, vulnerability and resilience markers) of disordered gambling in people who gamble recreationally, including in vulnerable and minoritised groups; (4) conduct randomised controlled trials on psychological interventions and pharmacotherapy for gambling disorder; (5) improve understanding of the neurobiological basis of gambling disorder, including impulsivity and compulsivity, genetics, and biomarkers; and (6) develop clinical guidelines based on the best contemporary research evidence to guide effective clinical interventions. We also highlight the need to consider what can be learnt from approaches towards mitigating gambling-related harm in other countries. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
- Authors: Bowden-Jones, Henrietta , Hook, Roxanne , Grant, Jon , Ioannidis, Konstantinos , Corazza, Ornella , Fineberg, Naomi , Singer, Bryan , Roberts, Amanda , Bethlehem, Richard , Dymond, Simon , Romero-Garcia, Rafa , Robbins, Trevor , Cortese, Samuele , Thomas, Shane , Sahakian, Barbara , Dowling, Nicki , Chamberlain, Samuel
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: The Lancet Psychiatry Vol. 9, no. 4 (2022), p. 321-329
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Gambling in the modern era is pervasive owing to the variety of gambling opportunities available, including those that use technology (eg, online applications on smartphones). Although many people gamble recreationally without undue negative effects, a sizeable subset of individuals develop disordered gambling, which is associated with marked functional impairment including other mental health problems, relationship problems, bankruptcy, suicidality, and criminality. The National UK Research Network for Behavioural Addictions (NUK-BA) was established to promote understanding of, research into, and treatments for behavioural addictions including gambling disorder, which is the only formally recognised behavioural addiction. In this Health Policy paper, we outline the status of research and treatment for disordered gambling in the UK (including funding issues) and key research that should be conducted to establish the magnitude of the problem, vulnerability and resilience factors, the underlying neurobiology, long-term consequences, and treatment opportunities. In particular, we emphasise the need to: (1) conduct independent longitudinal research into the prevalence of disordered gambling (including gambling disorder and at-risk gambling), and gambling harms, including in vulnerable and minoritised groups; (2) select and refine the most suitable pragmatic measurement tools; (3) identify predictors (eg, vulnerability and resilience markers) of disordered gambling in people who gamble recreationally, including in vulnerable and minoritised groups; (4) conduct randomised controlled trials on psychological interventions and pharmacotherapy for gambling disorder; (5) improve understanding of the neurobiological basis of gambling disorder, including impulsivity and compulsivity, genetics, and biomarkers; and (6) develop clinical guidelines based on the best contemporary research evidence to guide effective clinical interventions. We also highlight the need to consider what can be learnt from approaches towards mitigating gambling-related harm in other countries. © 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Where have all the diagnostic morphological parasitologists gone?
- Bradbury, Richard, Sapp, Sarah, Potters, Idzi, Mathison, Blaine, Frean, John, Mewara, Abhishek, Sheorey, Harsha, Tamarozzi, Francesca, Couturier, Marc, Chiodini, Peter, Pritt, Bobbi
- Authors: Bradbury, Richard , Sapp, Sarah , Potters, Idzi , Mathison, Blaine , Frean, John , Mewara, Abhishek , Sheorey, Harsha , Tamarozzi, Francesca , Couturier, Marc , Chiodini, Peter , Pritt, Bobbi
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 60, no. 11 (2022), p.
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- Reviewed:
- Description: Advances in laboratory techniques have revolutionized parasitology diagnostics over the past several decades. Widespread implementation of rapid antigen detection tests has greatly expanded access to tests for global parasitic threats such as malaria, while next-generation amplification and sequencing methods allow for sensitive and specific detection of human and animal parasites in complex specimen matrices. Recently, the introduction of multiplex panels for human gastrointestinal infections has enhanced the identification of common intestinal protozoa in feces along with bacterial and viral pathogens. Despite the benefits provided by novel diagnostics, increased reliance on nonmicroscopy-based methods has contributed to the progressive, widespread loss of morphology expertise for parasite identification. Loss of microscopy and morphology skills has the potential to negatively impact patient care, public health, and epidemiology. Molecular- and antigen-based diagnostics are not available for all parasites and may not be suitable for all specimen types and clinical settings. Furthermore, inadequate morphology experience may lead to missed and inaccurate diagnoses and erroneous descriptions of new human parasitic diseases. This commentary highlights the need to maintain expert microscopy and morphological parasitology diagnostic skills within the medical and scientific community. We proposed that light microscopy remains an important part of training and practice in the diagnosis of parasitic diseases and that efforts should be made to train the next generation of morphological parasitologists before the requisite knowledge, skills, and capacity for this complex and important mode of diagnosis are lost. In summary, the widespread, progressive loss of morphology expertise for parasite identification negatively impacts patient care, public health, and epidemiology. © 2022 American Society for Microbiology.
- Authors: Bradbury, Richard , Sapp, Sarah , Potters, Idzi , Mathison, Blaine , Frean, John , Mewara, Abhishek , Sheorey, Harsha , Tamarozzi, Francesca , Couturier, Marc , Chiodini, Peter , Pritt, Bobbi
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Clinical Microbiology Vol. 60, no. 11 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Advances in laboratory techniques have revolutionized parasitology diagnostics over the past several decades. Widespread implementation of rapid antigen detection tests has greatly expanded access to tests for global parasitic threats such as malaria, while next-generation amplification and sequencing methods allow for sensitive and specific detection of human and animal parasites in complex specimen matrices. Recently, the introduction of multiplex panels for human gastrointestinal infections has enhanced the identification of common intestinal protozoa in feces along with bacterial and viral pathogens. Despite the benefits provided by novel diagnostics, increased reliance on nonmicroscopy-based methods has contributed to the progressive, widespread loss of morphology expertise for parasite identification. Loss of microscopy and morphology skills has the potential to negatively impact patient care, public health, and epidemiology. Molecular- and antigen-based diagnostics are not available for all parasites and may not be suitable for all specimen types and clinical settings. Furthermore, inadequate morphology experience may lead to missed and inaccurate diagnoses and erroneous descriptions of new human parasitic diseases. This commentary highlights the need to maintain expert microscopy and morphological parasitology diagnostic skills within the medical and scientific community. We proposed that light microscopy remains an important part of training and practice in the diagnosis of parasitic diseases and that efforts should be made to train the next generation of morphological parasitologists before the requisite knowledge, skills, and capacity for this complex and important mode of diagnosis are lost. In summary, the widespread, progressive loss of morphology expertise for parasite identification negatively impacts patient care, public health, and epidemiology. © 2022 American Society for Microbiology.
Surveillance for soil-transmitted helminths in high-risk county, Mississippi, USA
- Bradbury, Richard, Martin, Lora, Malloch, Lacy, Martin, Maygan, Williams, John, Patterson, Kayla, Sanders, Cameron, Singh, Gurbaksh, Arguello, Irene, Rodriguez, Eduardo, Byers, Paul, Haynie, Lisa, Qvarnstrom, Yvonne, Hobbs, Charlotte
- Authors: Bradbury, Richard , Martin, Lora , Malloch, Lacy , Martin, Maygan , Williams, John , Patterson, Kayla , Sanders, Cameron , Singh, Gurbaksh , Arguello, Irene , Rodriguez, Eduardo , Byers, Paul , Haynie, Lisa , Qvarnstrom, Yvonne , Hobbs, Charlotte
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol. 29, no. 12 (2023), p. 2533-2537
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Recent reports of hookworm infection in Alabama, USA, has prompted surveillance in Mississippi, given the states’ similar environmental conditions. We collected stool specimens from 277 children in Rankin County, Mississippi. Kato–Katz microscopic smear, agar plate culture, and quantitative PCR indicated no soil-transmitted helminths. Nevertheless, further surveillance in other high-risk Mississippi counties is warranted. © 2023 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). All rights reserved.
- Authors: Bradbury, Richard , Martin, Lora , Malloch, Lacy , Martin, Maygan , Williams, John , Patterson, Kayla , Sanders, Cameron , Singh, Gurbaksh , Arguello, Irene , Rodriguez, Eduardo , Byers, Paul , Haynie, Lisa , Qvarnstrom, Yvonne , Hobbs, Charlotte
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol. 29, no. 12 (2023), p. 2533-2537
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Recent reports of hookworm infection in Alabama, USA, has prompted surveillance in Mississippi, given the states’ similar environmental conditions. We collected stool specimens from 277 children in Rankin County, Mississippi. Kato–Katz microscopic smear, agar plate culture, and quantitative PCR indicated no soil-transmitted helminths. Nevertheless, further surveillance in other high-risk Mississippi counties is warranted. © 2023 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). All rights reserved.
Tapeworm Enigma
- Breedlove, Byron, Bradbury, Richard
- Authors: Breedlove, Byron , Bradbury, Richard
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol. 28, no. 6 (2022), p. 1306-1308
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Authors: Breedlove, Byron , Bradbury, Richard
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Emerging Infectious Diseases Vol. 28, no. 6 (2022), p. 1306-1308
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
2022 World Hypertension League, resolve to save lives and International Society of Hypertension dietary sodium (salt) global call to action
- Campbell, Norm, Whelton, Paul, Orias, Marcelo, Wainford, Richard, Cappuccio, Francesco, Ide, Nicole, Neal, Bruce, Cohn, Jennifer, Cobb, Laura, Webster, Jacqui, Trieu, Kathy, He, Feng, McLean, Rachael, Blanco-Metzler, Adriana, Woodward, Mark, Khan, Nadia, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Nederveen, Leo, Arcand, JoAnne, MacGregor, Graham, Owolabi, Mayowa, Lisheng, Liu, Parati, Gianfranco, Lackland, Daniel, Charchar, Fadi, Williams, Bryan, Tomaszewski, Maciej, Romero, Cesar, Champagne, Beatriz, L’Abbe, Mary
- Authors: Campbell, Norm , Whelton, Paul , Orias, Marcelo , Wainford, Richard , Cappuccio, Francesco , Ide, Nicole , Neal, Bruce , Cohn, Jennifer , Cobb, Laura , Webster, Jacqui , Trieu, Kathy , He, Feng , McLean, Rachael , Blanco-Metzler, Adriana , Woodward, Mark , Khan, Nadia , Kokubo, Yoshihiro , Nederveen, Leo , Arcand, JoAnne , MacGregor, Graham , Owolabi, Mayowa , Lisheng, Liu , Parati, Gianfranco , Lackland, Daniel , Charchar, Fadi , Williams, Bryan , Tomaszewski, Maciej , Romero, Cesar , Champagne, Beatriz , L’Abbe, Mary
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Human Hypertension Vol. 37, no. 6 (2023), p. 428-437
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Fadi Charchar" is provided in this record**
- Authors: Campbell, Norm , Whelton, Paul , Orias, Marcelo , Wainford, Richard , Cappuccio, Francesco , Ide, Nicole , Neal, Bruce , Cohn, Jennifer , Cobb, Laura , Webster, Jacqui , Trieu, Kathy , He, Feng , McLean, Rachael , Blanco-Metzler, Adriana , Woodward, Mark , Khan, Nadia , Kokubo, Yoshihiro , Nederveen, Leo , Arcand, JoAnne , MacGregor, Graham , Owolabi, Mayowa , Lisheng, Liu , Parati, Gianfranco , Lackland, Daniel , Charchar, Fadi , Williams, Bryan , Tomaszewski, Maciej , Romero, Cesar , Champagne, Beatriz , L’Abbe, Mary
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Human Hypertension Vol. 37, no. 6 (2023), p. 428-437
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Fadi Charchar" is provided in this record**
Factors contributing to the mental health outcomes of carers during the transition of their family member to residential aged care : a systematic search and narrative review
- Camões-Costa, Vera, Loganathan, Jayasree, Barton, Chris, Chakraborty, Samantha, Hewitt, Alana, Lin, Xiaping, Brijnath, Bianca
- Authors: Camões-Costa, Vera , Loganathan, Jayasree , Barton, Chris , Chakraborty, Samantha , Hewitt, Alana , Lin, Xiaping , Brijnath, Bianca
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: BMC Geriatrics Vol. 22, no. 1 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: The transition of an older family member into a residential aged care facility (RACF) is often challenging for both the person being admitted and their family carer. This review aimed to identify the protective and contributing factors to adverse mental health outcomes among family carers following the decision to move a family member to a RACF. Method: A search of CINAHL, PubMed and PsycINFO was conducted for empirical papers published in English between 2004 and 2019, exploring the mental health or quality of life (QoL) of family carers of those recently admitted, or considering admission, to a RACF. Articles were reviewed by two authors for inclusion. Results: Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Pre-existing depressive symptoms and poor subjective health were related to adverse mental health outcomes following admission. Information from the facility, support to change roles, and factors related to carer’s health and demographics, were associated with changes in the mental health outcomes of carers during the transition of their relative to a RACF. Key protective factors of carer’s mental health outcomes following the transition of their relative to a RACF are flow and transparency of information between carer and the facility staff, and staff efforts to involve carers in providing emotional support to their relative, in monitoring care, and advocating for their quality of life. Conclusion: There is evidence to suggest factors such lack of flow and transparency of information between carer and the facility staff may predispose carers to poor mental health and QoL following the transition of a relative to a RACF. Key protective factors of carer’s mental health following admission are staff efforts to involve carers in providing emotional support to their relative, in monitoring care, and advocating for their quality of life. This review also indicates that the combination of factors that puts family carers more at risk of poor mental health and lower quality of life throughout the transition period. Policy and practice should follow recommendations that consider a combination of the above factors when addressing the needs of family carers before and after admission of an older person to RACF. © 2022, The Author(s).
- Authors: Camões-Costa, Vera , Loganathan, Jayasree , Barton, Chris , Chakraborty, Samantha , Hewitt, Alana , Lin, Xiaping , Brijnath, Bianca
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: BMC Geriatrics Vol. 22, no. 1 (2022), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: The transition of an older family member into a residential aged care facility (RACF) is often challenging for both the person being admitted and their family carer. This review aimed to identify the protective and contributing factors to adverse mental health outcomes among family carers following the decision to move a family member to a RACF. Method: A search of CINAHL, PubMed and PsycINFO was conducted for empirical papers published in English between 2004 and 2019, exploring the mental health or quality of life (QoL) of family carers of those recently admitted, or considering admission, to a RACF. Articles were reviewed by two authors for inclusion. Results: Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Pre-existing depressive symptoms and poor subjective health were related to adverse mental health outcomes following admission. Information from the facility, support to change roles, and factors related to carer’s health and demographics, were associated with changes in the mental health outcomes of carers during the transition of their relative to a RACF. Key protective factors of carer’s mental health outcomes following the transition of their relative to a RACF are flow and transparency of information between carer and the facility staff, and staff efforts to involve carers in providing emotional support to their relative, in monitoring care, and advocating for their quality of life. Conclusion: There is evidence to suggest factors such lack of flow and transparency of information between carer and the facility staff may predispose carers to poor mental health and QoL following the transition of a relative to a RACF. Key protective factors of carer’s mental health following admission are staff efforts to involve carers in providing emotional support to their relative, in monitoring care, and advocating for their quality of life. This review also indicates that the combination of factors that puts family carers more at risk of poor mental health and lower quality of life throughout the transition period. Policy and practice should follow recommendations that consider a combination of the above factors when addressing the needs of family carers before and after admission of an older person to RACF. © 2022, The Author(s).
Lifestyle management of hypertension : International Society of Hypertension position paper endorsed by the World Hypertension League and European Society of Hypertension
- Charchar, Fadi, Prestes, Priscilla, Mills, Charlotte, Ching, Siew, Neupane, Dinesh, Marques, Francine, Sharman, James, Vogt, Liffert, Burrell, Louise, Korostovtseva, Lyudmila, Zec, Manja, Patil, Mansi, Schultz, Martin, Wallen, Matthew, Renna, Nicolás, Islam, Sheikh, Hiremath, Swapnil, Gyeltshen, Tshewang, Chia, Yook-Chin, Gupta, Abhinav, Schutte, Aletta, Klein, Britt, Borghi, Claudio, Browning, Colette, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik, Marta, Lee, Hae-Young, Itoh, Hiroshi, Miura, Katsuyuki, Akinnibosun, Olutope, Shane Thomas
- Authors: Charchar, Fadi , Prestes, Priscilla , Mills, Charlotte , Ching, Siew , Neupane, Dinesh , Marques, Francine , Sharman, James , Vogt, Liffert , Burrell, Louise , Korostovtseva, Lyudmila , Zec, Manja , Patil, Mansi , Schultz, Martin , Wallen, Matthew , Renna, Nicolás , Islam, Sheikh , Hiremath, Swapnil , Gyeltshen, Tshewang , Chia, Yook-Chin , Gupta, Abhinav , Schutte, Aletta , Klein, Britt , Borghi, Claudio , Browning, Colette , Czesnikiewicz-Guzik, Marta , Lee, Hae-Young , Itoh, Hiroshi , Miura, Katsuyuki , Akinnibosun, Olutope , Shane Thomas
- Date: 2024
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of hypertension Vol. 42, no. 1 (2024), p. 23-49
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Hypertension, defined as persistently elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at least 90 mmHg (International Society of Hypertension guidelines), affects over 1.5 billion people worldwide. Hypertension is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (e.g. coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke) and death. An international panel of experts convened by the International Society of Hypertension College of Experts compiled lifestyle management recommendations as first-line strategy to prevent and control hypertension in adulthood. We also recommend that lifestyle changes be continued even when blood pressure-lowering medications are prescribed. Specific recommendations based on literature evidence are summarized with advice to start these measures early in life, including maintaining a healthy body weight, increased levels of different types of physical activity, healthy eating and drinking, avoidance and cessation of smoking and alcohol use, management of stress and sleep levels. We also discuss the relevance of specific approaches including consumption of sodium, potassium, sugar, fibre, coffee, tea, intermittent fasting as well as integrated strategies to implement these recommendations using, for example, behaviour change-related technologies and digital tools. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliates “Fadi Charchar, Priscilla Prestes, Britt Klein, Colette Browning, Olutope Akinnibosun and Shane Thomas” are provided in this record**
- Description: Hypertension, defined as persistently elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at least 90 mmHg (International Society of Hypertension guidelines), affects over 1.5 billion people worldwide. Hypertension is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (e.g. coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke) and death. An international panel of experts convened by the International Society of Hypertension College of Experts compiled lifestyle management recommendations as first-line strategy to prevent and control hypertension in adulthood. We also recommend that lifestyle changes be continued even when blood pressure-lowering medications are prescribed. Specific recommendations based on literature evidence are summarized with advice to start these measures early in life, including maintaining a healthy body weight, increased levels of different types of physical activity, healthy eating and drinking, avoidance and cessation of smoking and alcohol use, management of stress and sleep levels. We also discuss the relevance of specific approaches including consumption of sodium, potassium, sugar, fibre, coffee, tea, intermittent fasting as well as integrated strategies to implement these recommendations using, for example, behaviour change-related technologies and digital tools. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliates “Fadi Charchar, Priscilla Prestes, Britt Klein, Colette Browning, Olutope Akinnibossun and Shane Thomas” are provided in this record**
- Authors: Charchar, Fadi , Prestes, Priscilla , Mills, Charlotte , Ching, Siew , Neupane, Dinesh , Marques, Francine , Sharman, James , Vogt, Liffert , Burrell, Louise , Korostovtseva, Lyudmila , Zec, Manja , Patil, Mansi , Schultz, Martin , Wallen, Matthew , Renna, Nicolás , Islam, Sheikh , Hiremath, Swapnil , Gyeltshen, Tshewang , Chia, Yook-Chin , Gupta, Abhinav , Schutte, Aletta , Klein, Britt , Borghi, Claudio , Browning, Colette , Czesnikiewicz-Guzik, Marta , Lee, Hae-Young , Itoh, Hiroshi , Miura, Katsuyuki , Akinnibosun, Olutope , Shane Thomas
- Date: 2024
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of hypertension Vol. 42, no. 1 (2024), p. 23-49
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Hypertension, defined as persistently elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at least 90 mmHg (International Society of Hypertension guidelines), affects over 1.5 billion people worldwide. Hypertension is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (e.g. coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke) and death. An international panel of experts convened by the International Society of Hypertension College of Experts compiled lifestyle management recommendations as first-line strategy to prevent and control hypertension in adulthood. We also recommend that lifestyle changes be continued even when blood pressure-lowering medications are prescribed. Specific recommendations based on literature evidence are summarized with advice to start these measures early in life, including maintaining a healthy body weight, increased levels of different types of physical activity, healthy eating and drinking, avoidance and cessation of smoking and alcohol use, management of stress and sleep levels. We also discuss the relevance of specific approaches including consumption of sodium, potassium, sugar, fibre, coffee, tea, intermittent fasting as well as integrated strategies to implement these recommendations using, for example, behaviour change-related technologies and digital tools. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliates “Fadi Charchar, Priscilla Prestes, Britt Klein, Colette Browning, Olutope Akinnibosun and Shane Thomas” are provided in this record**
- Description: Hypertension, defined as persistently elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at least 90 mmHg (International Society of Hypertension guidelines), affects over 1.5 billion people worldwide. Hypertension is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (e.g. coronary heart disease, heart failure and stroke) and death. An international panel of experts convened by the International Society of Hypertension College of Experts compiled lifestyle management recommendations as first-line strategy to prevent and control hypertension in adulthood. We also recommend that lifestyle changes be continued even when blood pressure-lowering medications are prescribed. Specific recommendations based on literature evidence are summarized with advice to start these measures early in life, including maintaining a healthy body weight, increased levels of different types of physical activity, healthy eating and drinking, avoidance and cessation of smoking and alcohol use, management of stress and sleep levels. We also discuss the relevance of specific approaches including consumption of sodium, potassium, sugar, fibre, coffee, tea, intermittent fasting as well as integrated strategies to implement these recommendations using, for example, behaviour change-related technologies and digital tools. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliates “Fadi Charchar, Priscilla Prestes, Britt Klein, Colette Browning, Olutope Akinnibossun and Shane Thomas” are provided in this record**
Public health messaging during disasters : a qualitative study of emergency department key informants
- Coombs, Nicole, Porter, Joanne, Barbagallo, Michael
- Authors: Coombs, Nicole , Porter, Joanne , Barbagallo, Michael
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australasian Emergency Care Vol. 26, no. 4 (2023), p. 284-289
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Patient education is a professional obligation for all nurses. Public health messaging in emergency departments during disasters can help prevent further risk or illness for affected communities. In this study, Australian emergency nurse Key Informants share their perceptions and experiences of preventative messaging provided in their departments during disasters and the governance and processes in place to support this practice. Methods: The qualitative phase of a mixed methods study, where semi structured interviews were utilised, and data analysed using a six step Thematic analysis. Results: Three themes were identified: (1) Part of the Job; (2) It's all in the delivery; and (3) Preparation is the key. These themes include concepts involving the confidence and competence of nurses providing messages, what, when and how messages are being given and how prepared both the department and staff are regarding patient education during disaster events. Conclusions: Nurse confidence is a key factor in the delivery of preventative messages during disasters, potentially resulting from a lack of exposure, a junior workforce and minimal training. Leaders agree that departments are not preparing or supporting messaging practice, with an absence of specific training, formal guidelines, and patient education resources; and that improvement is needed. © 2023
- Authors: Coombs, Nicole , Porter, Joanne , Barbagallo, Michael
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Australasian Emergency Care Vol. 26, no. 4 (2023), p. 284-289
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Patient education is a professional obligation for all nurses. Public health messaging in emergency departments during disasters can help prevent further risk or illness for affected communities. In this study, Australian emergency nurse Key Informants share their perceptions and experiences of preventative messaging provided in their departments during disasters and the governance and processes in place to support this practice. Methods: The qualitative phase of a mixed methods study, where semi structured interviews were utilised, and data analysed using a six step Thematic analysis. Results: Three themes were identified: (1) Part of the Job; (2) It's all in the delivery; and (3) Preparation is the key. These themes include concepts involving the confidence and competence of nurses providing messages, what, when and how messages are being given and how prepared both the department and staff are regarding patient education during disaster events. Conclusions: Nurse confidence is a key factor in the delivery of preventative messages during disasters, potentially resulting from a lack of exposure, a junior workforce and minimal training. Leaders agree that departments are not preparing or supporting messaging practice, with an absence of specific training, formal guidelines, and patient education resources; and that improvement is needed. © 2023
Review article : use of the team emergency assessment measure in the rating of emergency teams' non-technical skills : a mapping review
- Cooper, Simon, Connell, Clifford, Cant, Robyn
- Authors: Cooper, Simon , Connell, Clifford , Cant, Robyn
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: EMA - Emergency Medicine Australasia Vol. 35, no. 3 (2023), p. 375-383
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The present study aims to explore the utility of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) in relation to the enhancement of emergency team non-technical skills based on research conducted over the last decade. In this mapping review, a citation mining process identified 22 primary studies for inclusion, published between 2012 and 2022. It provides outcome data on emergency teams' non-technical skills following team training and/or real-life patient emergencies. Emergency team studies related to resuscitation teams (adult, paediatric, newborn and obstetric cases) and medical emergency team (MET) management of patient deterioration. Team performance ratings varied, ranging from approximately 90% for experienced clinical teams down to 38% for students. Statistically significant improvements in performance were notable following training and/or repeated practice. Validity evidence, across 11 studies that provided change data described positive learning outcomes and moderate intervention effects. However, according to Kirkpatrick's model of educational evaluation the studies were limited to professional development phases of learning and immediate post-training assessments rather than care quality improvement. The review highlights a lack of studies evidencing quality improvement or clinical impact such as change of patient care practice or health service performance. There is a need to conduct well-designed studies that explore both technical and non-technical skills of resuscitation teams and METs. Currently, non-technical skills training and repeated performance evaluations using the TEAM contribute immensely to the proficiency of emergency teams. © 2023 The Authors. Emergency Medicine Australasia published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australasian College for Emergency Medicine.
- Authors: Cooper, Simon , Connell, Clifford , Cant, Robyn
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: EMA - Emergency Medicine Australasia Vol. 35, no. 3 (2023), p. 375-383
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The present study aims to explore the utility of the Team Emergency Assessment Measure (TEAM) in relation to the enhancement of emergency team non-technical skills based on research conducted over the last decade. In this mapping review, a citation mining process identified 22 primary studies for inclusion, published between 2012 and 2022. It provides outcome data on emergency teams' non-technical skills following team training and/or real-life patient emergencies. Emergency team studies related to resuscitation teams (adult, paediatric, newborn and obstetric cases) and medical emergency team (MET) management of patient deterioration. Team performance ratings varied, ranging from approximately 90% for experienced clinical teams down to 38% for students. Statistically significant improvements in performance were notable following training and/or repeated practice. Validity evidence, across 11 studies that provided change data described positive learning outcomes and moderate intervention effects. However, according to Kirkpatrick's model of educational evaluation the studies were limited to professional development phases of learning and immediate post-training assessments rather than care quality improvement. The review highlights a lack of studies evidencing quality improvement or clinical impact such as change of patient care practice or health service performance. There is a need to conduct well-designed studies that explore both technical and non-technical skills of resuscitation teams and METs. Currently, non-technical skills training and repeated performance evaluations using the TEAM contribute immensely to the proficiency of emergency teams. © 2023 The Authors. Emergency Medicine Australasia published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australasian College for Emergency Medicine.
Classifying excessive exercise : examining the relationship between compulsive exercise with obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms and disordered eating symptoms
- Cosh, Suzanne, Eshkevari, Ertimiss, McNeil, Dominic, Tully, Phillip
- Authors: Cosh, Suzanne , Eshkevari, Ertimiss , McNeil, Dominic , Tully, Phillip
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: European Eating Disorders Review Vol. 31, no. 6 (2023), p. 769-780
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: There remains a lack of consensus around nosology for compulsive exercise (CE). Although widely observed in eating disorders (ED), CE shares theoretical overlap with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), where exercise compulsions occur in response to obsessions. Yet, there is limited and mixed evidence of a relationship between CE with OCD. This study aims to explore the appropriate diagnostic classification of CE through examination of CE in relation to OCD, obsessional thinking, and ED symptoms. Method: Two hundred and eighty one adults with mental health symptoms, dieting, and exercise behaviour completed measures of OCD, CE, and disordered eating symptoms. Regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses examined relationships between dimensions of CE with OCD and ED symptoms, and the predictive ability of CE assessment for detecting threshold OCD and ED symptoms. Results: CE assessment was poor at predicting threshold OCD symptoms, probable Anorexia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder and moderate at detecting probable disordered eating and Bulimia Nervosa. Associations between CE and OCD symptoms were not significant after adjustment for ED symptoms. Obsessional thinking was associated only with lack of exercise enjoyment. Conclusions: Results indicate that excessive exercise might represent a distinct disorder, with some shared traits across CE, OCD and ED symptoms. Findings question the utility of adaptation of OCD diagnostic criteria for CE. Assessment and treatment implications are considered. © 2023 The Authors. European Eating Disorders Review published by Eating Disorders Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
- Authors: Cosh, Suzanne , Eshkevari, Ertimiss , McNeil, Dominic , Tully, Phillip
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: European Eating Disorders Review Vol. 31, no. 6 (2023), p. 769-780
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objective: There remains a lack of consensus around nosology for compulsive exercise (CE). Although widely observed in eating disorders (ED), CE shares theoretical overlap with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), where exercise compulsions occur in response to obsessions. Yet, there is limited and mixed evidence of a relationship between CE with OCD. This study aims to explore the appropriate diagnostic classification of CE through examination of CE in relation to OCD, obsessional thinking, and ED symptoms. Method: Two hundred and eighty one adults with mental health symptoms, dieting, and exercise behaviour completed measures of OCD, CE, and disordered eating symptoms. Regression and Receiver Operating Characteristic analyses examined relationships between dimensions of CE with OCD and ED symptoms, and the predictive ability of CE assessment for detecting threshold OCD and ED symptoms. Results: CE assessment was poor at predicting threshold OCD symptoms, probable Anorexia Nervosa, and Binge Eating Disorder and moderate at detecting probable disordered eating and Bulimia Nervosa. Associations between CE and OCD symptoms were not significant after adjustment for ED symptoms. Obsessional thinking was associated only with lack of exercise enjoyment. Conclusions: Results indicate that excessive exercise might represent a distinct disorder, with some shared traits across CE, OCD and ED symptoms. Findings question the utility of adaptation of OCD diagnostic criteria for CE. Assessment and treatment implications are considered. © 2023 The Authors. European Eating Disorders Review published by Eating Disorders Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Compulsive exercise and its relationship with mental health and psychosocial wellbeing in recreational exercisers and athletes
- Cosh, Suzanne, McNeil, Dominic, Tully, Phillip
- Authors: Cosh, Suzanne , McNeil, Dominic , Tully, Phillip
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 26, no. 7 (2023), p. 338-344
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: Better understanding of compulsive exercise is needed in sports medicine. Whilst compulsive exercise may impact mental health, the limited research exploring the relationship between compulsive exercise and psychosocial outcomes is equivocal. The majority of studies have examined eating disorder populations where the eating disorder pathology might account for distress. This study explores relationships between compulsive exercise and mental health. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Methods: Australian recreational exercisers and athletes (N = 1157; Mage 36.4, standard deviation = 12.9, 77 % female) recruited through sporting organisations, clubs, and gyms, completed measures of compulsive exercise, depression, anxiety, stress, life satisfaction, social physique anxiety, and self-esteem. Regression analyses examined relationships between dimensions of compulsive exercise and wellbeing. Results: After adjustment for eating disorder symptoms and sporting level, compulsive exercise was associated with increased risk of clinically-significant anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms. Compulsive exercise was also associated with lower life satisfaction and self-esteem, and higher social physique anxiety. Notably, different dimensions of compulsive exercise had varying relationships with outcomes, and avoidance and rule-driven behaviour and lack of exercise enjoyment were associated with poorer mental health and wellbeing. Conclusions: Results suggest that compulsive exercise is uniquely associated with a range of psychosocial and mental health outcomes. Results support the need to improve identification and treatment of compulsive exercise in sport and exercise settings. Results highlight that mental health intervention is an important component of treatment, and treatments targeting symptoms related to avoidance and rule-driven behaviour, and anhedonia may be valuable treatment components for those with compulsive exercise. © 2023 The Author(s)
- Authors: Cosh, Suzanne , McNeil, Dominic , Tully, Phillip
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 26, no. 7 (2023), p. 338-344
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: Better understanding of compulsive exercise is needed in sports medicine. Whilst compulsive exercise may impact mental health, the limited research exploring the relationship between compulsive exercise and psychosocial outcomes is equivocal. The majority of studies have examined eating disorder populations where the eating disorder pathology might account for distress. This study explores relationships between compulsive exercise and mental health. Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Methods: Australian recreational exercisers and athletes (N = 1157; Mage 36.4, standard deviation = 12.9, 77 % female) recruited through sporting organisations, clubs, and gyms, completed measures of compulsive exercise, depression, anxiety, stress, life satisfaction, social physique anxiety, and self-esteem. Regression analyses examined relationships between dimensions of compulsive exercise and wellbeing. Results: After adjustment for eating disorder symptoms and sporting level, compulsive exercise was associated with increased risk of clinically-significant anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms. Compulsive exercise was also associated with lower life satisfaction and self-esteem, and higher social physique anxiety. Notably, different dimensions of compulsive exercise had varying relationships with outcomes, and avoidance and rule-driven behaviour and lack of exercise enjoyment were associated with poorer mental health and wellbeing. Conclusions: Results suggest that compulsive exercise is uniquely associated with a range of psychosocial and mental health outcomes. Results support the need to improve identification and treatment of compulsive exercise in sport and exercise settings. Results highlight that mental health intervention is an important component of treatment, and treatments targeting symptoms related to avoidance and rule-driven behaviour, and anhedonia may be valuable treatment components for those with compulsive exercise. © 2023 The Author(s)
Diabetes mortality and trends before 25 years of age : an analysis of the global burden of disease study 2019
- Cousin, Ewerton, Duncan, Bruce, Stein, Caroline, Ong, Kanyin, Vos, Theo, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen, Abdelmasseh, Michael, Abdoli, Amir, Abd-Rabu, Rami, Abolhassani, Hassan, Abu-Gharbieh, Eman, Accrombessi, Manfred, Adnani, Qorinah, Afzal, Muhammad, Agarwal, Gina, Agrawaal, Krishna, Agudelo-Botero, Marcela, Ahinkorah, Bright, Ahmad, Sajjad, Ahmad, Tauseef, Ahmadi, Keivan, Ahmadi, Sepideh, Ahmadi, Ali, Ahmed, Ali, Ahmed Salih, Yusra, Akande-Sholabi, Wuraola, Akram, Tayyaba, Al Hamad, Hanadi, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Authors: Cousin, Ewerton , Duncan, Bruce , Stein, Caroline , Ong, Kanyin , Vos, Theo , Abbafati, Cristiana , Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen , Abdelmasseh, Michael , Abdoli, Amir , Abd-Rabu, Rami , Abolhassani, Hassan , Abu-Gharbieh, Eman , Accrombessi, Manfred , Adnani, Qorinah , Afzal, Muhammad , Agarwal, Gina , Agrawaal, Krishna , Agudelo-Botero, Marcela , Ahinkorah, Bright , Ahmad, Sajjad , Ahmad, Tauseef , Ahmadi, Keivan , Ahmadi, Sepideh , Ahmadi, Ali , Ahmed, Ali , Ahmed Salih, Yusra , Akande-Sholabi, Wuraola , Akram, Tayyaba , Al Hamad, Hanadi , Al-Aly, Ziyad , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology Vol. 10, no. 3 (2022), p. 177-192
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, at younger ages can be a largely preventable cause of death with the correct health care and services. We aimed to evaluate diabetes mortality and trends at ages younger than 25 years globally using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods: We used estimates of GBD 2019 to calculate international diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years in 1990 and 2019. Data sources for causes of death were obtained from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and other surveillance systems for 1990–2019. We estimated death rates for each location using the GBD Cause of Death Ensemble model. We analysed the association of age-standardised death rates per 100 000 population with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and a measure of universal health coverage (UHC) and described the variability within SDI quintiles. We present estimates with their 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, 16 300 (95% uncertainty interval 14 200 to 18 900) global deaths due to diabetes (type 1 and 2 combined) occurred in people younger than 25 years and 73·7% (68·3 to 77·4) were classified as due to type 1 diabetes. The age-standardised death rate was 0·50 (0·44 to 0·58) per 100 000 population, and 15 900 (97·5%) of these deaths occurred in low to high-middle SDI countries. The rate was 0·13 (0·12 to 0·14) per 100 000 population in the high SDI quintile, 0·60 (0·51 to 0·70) per 100 000 population in the low-middle SDI quintile, and 0·71 (0·60 to 0·86) per 100 000 population in the low SDI quintile. Within SDI quintiles, we observed large variability in rates across countries, in part explained by the extent of UHC (r2=0·62). From 1990 to 2019, age-standardised death rates decreased globally by 17·0%. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Aziz Rahman" is provided in this record**
- Description: Background: Diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, at younger ages can be a largely preventable cause of death with the correct health care and services. We aimed to evaluate diabetes mortality and trends at ages younger than 25 years globally using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods: We used estimates of GBD 2019 to calculate international diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years in 1990 and 2019. Data sources for causes of death were obtained from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and other surveillance systems for 1990–2019. We estimated death rates for each location using the GBD Cause of Death Ensemble model. We analysed the association of age-standardised death rates per 100 000 population with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and a measure of universal health coverage (UHC) and described the variability within SDI quintiles. We present estimates with their 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, 16 300 (95% uncertainty interval 14 200 to 18 900) global deaths due to diabetes (type 1 and 2 combined) occurred in people younger than 25 years and 73·7% (68·3 to 77·4) were classified as due to type 1 diabetes. The age-standardised death rate was 0·50 (0·44 to 0·58) per 100 000 population, and 15 900 (97·5%) of these deaths occurred in low to high-middle SDI countries. The rate was 0·13 (0·12 to 0·14) per 100 000 population in the high SDI quintile, 0·60 (0·51 to 0·70) per 100 000 population in the low-middle SDI quintile, and 0·71 (0·60 to 0·86) per 100 000 population in the low SDI quintile. Within SDI quintiles, we observed large variability in rates across countries, in part explained by the extent of UHC (r2=0·62). From 1990 to 2019, age-standardised death rates decreased globally by 17·0% (
- Authors: Cousin, Ewerton , Duncan, Bruce , Stein, Caroline , Ong, Kanyin , Vos, Theo , Abbafati, Cristiana , Abbasi-Kangevari, Mohsen , Abdelmasseh, Michael , Abdoli, Amir , Abd-Rabu, Rami , Abolhassani, Hassan , Abu-Gharbieh, Eman , Accrombessi, Manfred , Adnani, Qorinah , Afzal, Muhammad , Agarwal, Gina , Agrawaal, Krishna , Agudelo-Botero, Marcela , Ahinkorah, Bright , Ahmad, Sajjad , Ahmad, Tauseef , Ahmadi, Keivan , Ahmadi, Sepideh , Ahmadi, Ali , Ahmed, Ali , Ahmed Salih, Yusra , Akande-Sholabi, Wuraola , Akram, Tayyaba , Al Hamad, Hanadi , Al-Aly, Ziyad , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: The Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology Vol. 10, no. 3 (2022), p. 177-192
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Background: Diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, at younger ages can be a largely preventable cause of death with the correct health care and services. We aimed to evaluate diabetes mortality and trends at ages younger than 25 years globally using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods: We used estimates of GBD 2019 to calculate international diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years in 1990 and 2019. Data sources for causes of death were obtained from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and other surveillance systems for 1990–2019. We estimated death rates for each location using the GBD Cause of Death Ensemble model. We analysed the association of age-standardised death rates per 100 000 population with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and a measure of universal health coverage (UHC) and described the variability within SDI quintiles. We present estimates with their 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, 16 300 (95% uncertainty interval 14 200 to 18 900) global deaths due to diabetes (type 1 and 2 combined) occurred in people younger than 25 years and 73·7% (68·3 to 77·4) were classified as due to type 1 diabetes. The age-standardised death rate was 0·50 (0·44 to 0·58) per 100 000 population, and 15 900 (97·5%) of these deaths occurred in low to high-middle SDI countries. The rate was 0·13 (0·12 to 0·14) per 100 000 population in the high SDI quintile, 0·60 (0·51 to 0·70) per 100 000 population in the low-middle SDI quintile, and 0·71 (0·60 to 0·86) per 100 000 population in the low SDI quintile. Within SDI quintiles, we observed large variability in rates across countries, in part explained by the extent of UHC (r2=0·62). From 1990 to 2019, age-standardised death rates decreased globally by 17·0%. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Muhammad Aziz Rahman" is provided in this record**
- Description: Background: Diabetes, particularly type 1 diabetes, at younger ages can be a largely preventable cause of death with the correct health care and services. We aimed to evaluate diabetes mortality and trends at ages younger than 25 years globally using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods: We used estimates of GBD 2019 to calculate international diabetes mortality at ages younger than 25 years in 1990 and 2019. Data sources for causes of death were obtained from vital registration systems, verbal autopsies, and other surveillance systems for 1990–2019. We estimated death rates for each location using the GBD Cause of Death Ensemble model. We analysed the association of age-standardised death rates per 100 000 population with the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and a measure of universal health coverage (UHC) and described the variability within SDI quintiles. We present estimates with their 95% uncertainty intervals. Findings: In 2019, 16 300 (95% uncertainty interval 14 200 to 18 900) global deaths due to diabetes (type 1 and 2 combined) occurred in people younger than 25 years and 73·7% (68·3 to 77·4) were classified as due to type 1 diabetes. The age-standardised death rate was 0·50 (0·44 to 0·58) per 100 000 population, and 15 900 (97·5%) of these deaths occurred in low to high-middle SDI countries. The rate was 0·13 (0·12 to 0·14) per 100 000 population in the high SDI quintile, 0·60 (0·51 to 0·70) per 100 000 population in the low-middle SDI quintile, and 0·71 (0·60 to 0·86) per 100 000 population in the low SDI quintile. Within SDI quintiles, we observed large variability in rates across countries, in part explained by the extent of UHC (r2=0·62). From 1990 to 2019, age-standardised death rates decreased globally by 17·0% (
How does mass loss compare with total body score when assessing decomposition of human and pig cadavers?
- Dawson, Blake, Wallman, James, Barton, Philip
- Authors: Dawson, Blake , Wallman, James , Barton, Philip
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology Vol. 18, no. 3 (2022), p. 343-351
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- Description: Providing accurate and reliable measures of decomposition is paramount for forensic research where decomposition progress is used to estimate time of death. Mass loss is routinely used as a direct measure of biomass decomposition in ecological studies, yet few studies have analysed mass loss in a forensic context on human cadavers to determine its usefulness for modelling the decomposition process. Mass loss was examined in decomposing human and pig cadavers, and compared with other common decomposition metrics, such as total body score (TBS). One summer and one winter field decomposition experiment was conducted using human and pig cadavers, as pigs are often used as proxies for human cadavers in forensic research. The two measures of decomposition revealed two contrasting patterns of decomposition on pigs and humans, particularly in winter where TBS stabilised at similar values, but mass loss differed greatly. Mass loss was found to be faster in pigs than humans during early decomposition. Pigs lost 75% of their mass in winter, while humans lost less than 50%; however, in summer, both lost around 80% of their mass. TBS displayed similar patterns in both experiments, with TBS increasing more rapidly in pigs compared with humans but both eventually reaching similar TBS values in late decomposition. Measuring mass loss can provide additional information about decomposition progress that is missed if using TBS only. Key differences in decomposition progress between cadaver types were also observed, suggesting caution when extrapolating data from pigs to humans for forensic research and decomposition modelling. © 2022, The Author(s).
- Authors: Dawson, Blake , Wallman, James , Barton, Philip
- Date: 2022
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Forensic Science, Medicine, and Pathology Vol. 18, no. 3 (2022), p. 343-351
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Providing accurate and reliable measures of decomposition is paramount for forensic research where decomposition progress is used to estimate time of death. Mass loss is routinely used as a direct measure of biomass decomposition in ecological studies, yet few studies have analysed mass loss in a forensic context on human cadavers to determine its usefulness for modelling the decomposition process. Mass loss was examined in decomposing human and pig cadavers, and compared with other common decomposition metrics, such as total body score (TBS). One summer and one winter field decomposition experiment was conducted using human and pig cadavers, as pigs are often used as proxies for human cadavers in forensic research. The two measures of decomposition revealed two contrasting patterns of decomposition on pigs and humans, particularly in winter where TBS stabilised at similar values, but mass loss differed greatly. Mass loss was found to be faster in pigs than humans during early decomposition. Pigs lost 75% of their mass in winter, while humans lost less than 50%; however, in summer, both lost around 80% of their mass. TBS displayed similar patterns in both experiments, with TBS increasing more rapidly in pigs compared with humans but both eventually reaching similar TBS values in late decomposition. Measuring mass loss can provide additional information about decomposition progress that is missed if using TBS only. Key differences in decomposition progress between cadaver types were also observed, suggesting caution when extrapolating data from pigs to humans for forensic research and decomposition modelling. © 2022, The Author(s).
Training load and recovery during a pre-olympic season in professional rhythmic gymnasts
- Debien, Paula, Miloski, Bernardo, Werneck, Francisco, Timoteo, Thiago, Ferezin, Camila, Filho, Mauricio, Gabbett, Tim
- Authors: Debien, Paula , Miloski, Bernardo , Werneck, Francisco , Timoteo, Thiago , Ferezin, Camila , Filho, Mauricio , Gabbett, Tim
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Athletic Training Vol. 55, no. 9 (2020), p. 977-983
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- Description: Context: Rhythmic gymnastics requires a high level of complexity and perfection of technical gestures, associated with well-developed physical and artistic capacities. The training-load and recovery profiles of rhythmic gymnasts across a season are unknown. Objective: To analyze the training load and recovery of professional rhythmic gymnasts during 1 season. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Brazilian National Training Center of Rhythmic Gymnastics and competition facilities. Patients or Other Participants: Eight gymnasts from the Brazilian national senior rhythmic gymnastics group. Main Outcome Measure(s): Session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) and total quality recovery (TQR) scores were collected daily for 43 weeks. We obtained the session-RPE after each session and TQR score before the first session of the day. Performances during 5 competitions were also recorded. The season was divided into 8 periods. Total weekly internal training load (wITL), training intensity, frequency, duration, recovery, and acute: chronic workload ratio were calculated for analysis. Results: The season mean wITL was 10 381 6 4894 arbitrary units, mean session-RPE score was 5.0 6 1.6, and mean TQR score was 12.8 6 1.3. The gymnasts trained an average of 8.7 6 2.9 sessions per week, with a mean duration of 219 6 36 minutes. Each competitive period showed increased wITL compared with the previous period. Training-load variables (wITL and session-RPE) and recovery were inversely correlated. Gymnasts were poorly recovered (TQR, 13) during 50.9% of the season (n ¼ 167 times), especially during competitive weeks. Spikes in load (acute: chronic workload ratio ≥ 1.5) occurred across 18.1% of the season (n ¼ 55 times). Conclusions: The training-load variables and recovery changed throughout a professional rhythmic gymnastics group season, mainly during competitive periods. The correct distribution of training load is critical to ensure that gymnasts are entering competitions in a recovered state. © by the National Athletic Trainers' Association, Inc www.natajournals.org
- Authors: Debien, Paula , Miloski, Bernardo , Werneck, Francisco , Timoteo, Thiago , Ferezin, Camila , Filho, Mauricio , Gabbett, Tim
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Athletic Training Vol. 55, no. 9 (2020), p. 977-983
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Context: Rhythmic gymnastics requires a high level of complexity and perfection of technical gestures, associated with well-developed physical and artistic capacities. The training-load and recovery profiles of rhythmic gymnasts across a season are unknown. Objective: To analyze the training load and recovery of professional rhythmic gymnasts during 1 season. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Brazilian National Training Center of Rhythmic Gymnastics and competition facilities. Patients or Other Participants: Eight gymnasts from the Brazilian national senior rhythmic gymnastics group. Main Outcome Measure(s): Session rating of perceived exertion (session-RPE) and total quality recovery (TQR) scores were collected daily for 43 weeks. We obtained the session-RPE after each session and TQR score before the first session of the day. Performances during 5 competitions were also recorded. The season was divided into 8 periods. Total weekly internal training load (wITL), training intensity, frequency, duration, recovery, and acute: chronic workload ratio were calculated for analysis. Results: The season mean wITL was 10 381 6 4894 arbitrary units, mean session-RPE score was 5.0 6 1.6, and mean TQR score was 12.8 6 1.3. The gymnasts trained an average of 8.7 6 2.9 sessions per week, with a mean duration of 219 6 36 minutes. Each competitive period showed increased wITL compared with the previous period. Training-load variables (wITL and session-RPE) and recovery were inversely correlated. Gymnasts were poorly recovered (TQR, 13) during 50.9% of the season (n ¼ 167 times), especially during competitive weeks. Spikes in load (acute: chronic workload ratio ≥ 1.5) occurred across 18.1% of the season (n ¼ 55 times). Conclusions: The training-load variables and recovery changed throughout a professional rhythmic gymnastics group season, mainly during competitive periods. The correct distribution of training load is critical to ensure that gymnasts are entering competitions in a recovered state. © by the National Athletic Trainers' Association, Inc www.natajournals.org