http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:190 Wed 30 Aug 2023 11:58:22 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16141 Wed 30 Aug 2023 11:50:12 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3501 Wed 30 Aug 2023 09:36:23 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1163 Wed 30 Aug 2023 09:34:26 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2600 Wed 28 Apr 2021 12:38:31 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:14646 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:02:43 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:14599 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:02:41 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:14190 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:02:16 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13969 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:02:04 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13875 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:58 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13869 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:58 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13846 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:57 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13820 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:55 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13691 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:48 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13500 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:38 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13450 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:35 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11853 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:57:08 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11852 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:57:08 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11076 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:24 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11078 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:24 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11069 80% at a depth of only 0.5 cm in soil. This suggests that fire regimes might be useful in removing mature plants and controlling seed numbers on the surface, and that subsequent native seeding of undisturbed areas may assist in the long-term management of this noxious weed. A trial was conducted to determine the effect of treatment with a plant essential oil (pine oil) to limit the seed germination and seedling emergence of G. pubescens. This trial showed that the effects of pine oil application were significant (P<0.05). Germination was completely inhibited by application of pine oil at 5% or higher concentrations directly to seeds, and seedling emergence was reduced by between 90 and 100% in pot trials. These outcomes demonstrate the potential viability of pine oil as a long-term control option for this species. In field-based experiments, control strategies including herbicide control with glyphosate, organic herbicide control with pine oil, the application of mulch, and the addition of native seeds to the available seedbank (and all possible combinations of these techniques), were tested. The study showed that one single treatment of a G. pubescens infestation without undertaking a secondary treatment is insufficient to control the G. pubescens infestation or to encourage native regeneration, but that a combined strategy, employing all the aforementioned techniques, is more effective. It is however suggested that full regeneration of the area may not be possible unless further restoration programs are instituted after the cycle of G. pubescens’ treatment has been completed. The thesis also assessed the control effects of chemical control combined with a prescribed spring burning. Assessment of the resulting aboveground vegetation of G. pubescens has shown that a combination of chemical control and late-spring burning can reduce the cover of non-native species such as G. pubescens, suggesting that this could be a useful tool in their management. Finally, this study has supported the view that the growth of G. pubescens will be significantly enhanced in a future climate with an enriched atmospheric CO2 concentration. These climatic changes will have important implications for management of this noxious weed in the future.]]> Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:23 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10823 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:11 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5361 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:45:00 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:4654 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:44:10 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3576 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:34:33 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3537 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:34:31 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3519 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:34:29 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3436 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:34:22 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3307 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:34:17 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3291 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:34:16 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3284 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:34:15 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2204 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:33:16 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:2163 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:33:13 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1680 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:32:46 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1595 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:32:42 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1393 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:32:27 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1382 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:32:26 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1331 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:32:22 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1315 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:32:21 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1316 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:32:21 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1309 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:32:20 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1171 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:32:13 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1178 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:32:13 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1164 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:32:12 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1078 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:32:06 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1068 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:32:06 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1067 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:32:05 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1057 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:32:05 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1036 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:32:03 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1023 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:32:02 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1008 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:32:00 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:884 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:31:52 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:861 > Al >> Zn > Mn >> As > Pb > Cu ≈ Ni ≈ Cr > Co. Mean levels of Zn (273 mg/kg) and As (39 mg/kg) in soils were well above normal global ranges and could be of local importance as a source of contamination. Extreme soil levels of Ni, Cr, Pb, and Fe were found in old mining waste material and pointed to the anthropogenic influence on the environment. Most of the measured elements showed marked spatial variations except Co. As contents were significantly higher than the tolerable level (ANZECC (1992) guidelines), with values up to 395.8 mg/kg around the mine tailings site. Mn soil contents were strongly associated with Co and Ni contents in most soils. High Fe contents (average approximately 41,465 mg/kg) in soils developed on basalt bedrock were correlated with Zn contents (average 400 mg/kg), and it is highly likely that Fe-oxides serve as sinks for Zn under near-neutral soil pH (6.3) conditions. Between the two major bedrock lithologic units, Ordovician sediments and Tertiary basalt, a clear enrichment of metals was found in the latter that was reflected in high background levels of elements. Among the various size fractions, silt (average approximately 45.1%) dominated most of the soils. In general and with a few exceptions, the concentrations of measured elements did not show significant correlations to other measured soil parameters, e.g., clay, silt and sand size fractions, organic matter, soil pH, and cation exchange capacity. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.]]> Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:31:51 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:674 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:31:38 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:470 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:31:23 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:474 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:31:23 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:373 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:31:16 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:360 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:31:15 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10795 Wed 04 Jan 2023 16:18:43 AEDT ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:187 Tue 19 Sep 2023 11:59:45 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:193 Tue 19 Sep 2023 11:44:20 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:194 Tue 19 Sep 2023 11:35:48 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3469 Tue 19 Sep 2023 11:23:04 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:18454 Tue 03 Oct 2023 16:04:20 AEDT ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:15774 Thu 17 Mar 2022 11:27:06 AEDT ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:14950 Thu 09 Dec 2021 15:46:03 AEDT ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:14066 Thu 02 Sep 2021 15:35:30 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:18533 Thu 02 Nov 2023 16:57:20 AEDT ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16057 Mon 20 Feb 2023 15:18:02 AEDT ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:1168 Fri 21 Jul 2023 12:56:54 AEST ]]>