http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:14575 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:02:39 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:14277 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:02:22 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:14155 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:02:14 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:14154 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:02:14 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13986 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:02:05 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13687 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:48 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13456 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:36 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13235 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:24 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13060 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:15 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12939 100 h at a MIC of ≥4 μg/ml was approximately 50%. All isolates were ceftriaxone sensitive. These data support ceftriaxone rather than conventional chloramphenicol for all PNG children with suspected ABM.]]> Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:08 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12933 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:08 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12928 15,500 cases and > 500 deaths. Methods: Using the national cholera database, we analysed the spatio-temporal distribution and clustering of the Papua New Guinea cholera outbreak. The Kulldorff space-time permutation scan statistic, contained in the software package SatScan v9.2 was used to describe the first 8 weeks of the outbreak in Morobe Province before cholera cases spread throughout other regions of the country. Data were aggregated at the provincial level to describe the spread of the disease to other affected provinces. Results: Spatio-temporal and cluster analyses revealed that the outbreak was characterized by three distinct phases punctuated by explosive propagation of cases when the outbreak spread to a new region. The lack of road networks across most of Papua New Guinea is likely to have had a major influence on the slow spread of the disease during this outbreak. Conclusions: Identification of high risk areas and the likely mode of spread can guide government health authorities to formulate public health strategies to mitigate the spread of the disease through education campaigns, vaccination, increased surveillance in targeted areas and interventions to improve water, sanitation and hygiene.]]> Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:08 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12926 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:08 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12923 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:07 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12915 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:07 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12913 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:07 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12734 5 years) admitted to the paediatric ward of Goroka General Hospital from August 2009 through November 2010. A large range of viral and bacterial enteric pathogens were targeted using real-time PCR/RT-PCR assays. Results: Young children were much more likely to be admitted with acute gastroenteritis, with 62.8% of patients aged >1 year and 88.4% aged >2 years. An enteric pathogen was detected in 69.8% (n= 138) of patients. The most commonly detected pathogens were Shigella spp (26.6%), rotavirus (25.6%), adenovirus types 40/41 (11.6%), enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (11.1%), enteropathogenic E. coli (8.5%), norovirus G2 (6.0%), and Campylobacter spp (4.0%). Norovirus G1, sapovirus, and Salmonella spp were also detected, but below our statistical limit of detection. Vibrio cholerae and astrovirus were not detected in any patients. Mixed infections were detected in 22.1% of patients, with Shigella and rotavirus most commonly detected in co-infections with other pathogens. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that Shigella and rotavirus are the major pathogens associated with acute paediatric gastroenteritis in this setting. © 2014 The Authors.]]> Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:00:57 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12636 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:00:52 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12559 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:00:48 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12277 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:00:33 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11768 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:57:02 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11281 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:37 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11280 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:37 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11274 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:37 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10660 60 % tree cover) whereas the Dirus Complex was predicted to occur in areas with 10-100 % tree cover as well as vegetation mosaics and cropland. Of the macaque species, M. nemestrina was mainly predicted to occur in forested areas whereas M. fascicularis was predicted to occur in vegetation mosaics, cropland, wetland and urban areas in addition to forested areas. Conclusions: The predicted M. fascicularis distribution encompassed a wide range of habitats where humans are found. This is of most significance in the northern part of its range where members of the Dirus Complex are the main P. knowlesi vectors because these mosquitoes were also predicted to occur in a wider range of habitats. Our results support the hypothesis that conversion of intact forest into disturbed forest (for example plantations or timber concessions), or the creation of vegetation mosaics, will increase the probability that members of the Leucosphyrus Complex occur at these locations, as well as bringing humans into these areas. An explicit analysis of disease risk itself using infection data is required to explore this further. The species distributions generated here can now be included in future analyses of P. knowlesi infection risk. © 2016 Moyes et al.]]> Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:00 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10295 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:55:38 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:7554 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:47:00 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:7155 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:46:39 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:7154 97%) national decline in the rate of prescription of sulfonamides in the 1990s. To investigate potential mechanisms accounting for this persistence, we characterized plasmids carrying sul2, the most prevalent determinant of sulfonamide resistance. Among 33 conjugative and 5 nonconjugative plasmids carrying sul2, resistance to other antimicrobial agents was common, but the spectrum of resistance profiles was diverse: 82%, 74%, and 45% carried resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, and trimethoprim, respectively. Resistance to mercury was carried by 33% of the plasmids, but none conferred significant resistance to silver or to any of three disinfectants tested. The potential virulence genes iutA (aerobactin system) and traT (serum survival) were carried by 21% and 36% of the plasmids, respectively. The 33 conjugative plasmids belonged to five different incompatibility groups, FIB, B/O, I1, K/B, and P (42%, 33%, 9%, 3% and 3%, respectively), with 3 plasmids being unassigned, and to 19 similarity groups on the basis of their restriction profiles. The sequences flanking sul2 were diverse and suggested more than one mechanism of genetic mobility. The five nonconjugative plasmids were all related to p9123 (pBP1), which was previously found to confer a fitness advantage on its host. We propose that the persistence of sul2, despite the reduced rate of prescription of sulfonamides, is due to a combination of coselection by antibiotics still in common use, a lack of a selective disadvantage in sul2 carriage, and the genetic mobility of sul2. Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.]]> Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:46:39 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6584 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:46:10 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6546 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:46:07 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6544 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:46:07 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6527 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:46:06 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:15223 Tue 30 Nov 2021 15:36:19 AEDT ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:14237 Thu 09 Dec 2021 16:01:04 AEDT ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:15509 Mon 13 Dec 2021 14:43:11 AEDT ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:15024 Mon 12 Apr 2021 15:36:09 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:15005 Mon 12 Apr 2021 13:30:16 AEST ]]>