http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:14150 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:02:14 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13879 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:58 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13762 45 years) with age-matched untrained controls, in addition to investigating the influence of chronological age. Methods: Electronic databases were searched from inception to January 2018 before conducting a random-effects meta-analysis to calculate pooled differences in means, effect size and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Study heterogeneity was reported using Cochran’s Q and I2 statistic. Results: Overall, 32 studies (644 athletes; 582 controls) were included. Athletes had greater LV end-diastolic diameter (3.65 mm, 95% CI 2.66–4.64), interventricular septal thickness (1.23 mm, 95% CI 0.85–1.60), posterior wall thickness (1.20 mm, 95% CI 0.83–1.56), LV mass (72 g, 95% CI 46–98), LV mass index (28.17 g·m2, 95% CI 19.84–36.49) and stroke volume (13.59 mL, 95% CI 7.20–19.98) (all p < 0.01). Athletes had superior global diastolic function [ratio of early (E) to late (A) mitral inflow velocity (E/A) 0.18, 95% CI 0.13–0.24, p < 0.01; ratio of early (e′) to late (a′) diastolic annular tissue velocity (e′/a′) 0.23, 95% CI 0.06–0.40, p = 0.01], lower A (−8.20 cm·s−1, 95% CI −11.90 to −4.51, p < 0.01) and a′ (−0.72 cm·s−1, 95% CI −1.31 to −0.12, p = 0.02), and more rapid e′ (0.96 cm·s−1, 95% CI 0.05–1.86, p = 0.04). Meta-regression for chronological age identified that athlete–control differences, in the main, are maintained during advancing age. Conclusions: Athletic older men have larger cardiac dimensions and enjoy more favourable cardiac function than healthy, non-athletic counterparts. Notably, the athlete groups maintain these effects during chronological ageing. © 2018, The Author(s).]]> Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:52 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13466 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:36 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13336 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:29 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13293 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:27 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13225 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:23 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13044 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:14 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13020 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:13 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12077 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:00:23 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12059 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:00:21 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11943 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:57:13 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11941 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:57:13 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11942 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:57:13 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11803 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:57:05 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11788 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:57:04 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11747 .05). Significant changes were displayed in MDF and RMS in the lead lower lumbar and all trail regions of the erector-spinae muscle when comparing the MVC performed before and after the session (p < .05). Fatigue was evident in the trail side of the erector-spinae muscle after the session.]]> Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:57:01 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11748 0.05). When using the undersize grip, club head speed significantly increased (p = 0.044). During the backswing and downswing phases, amateurs produced significantly greater forearm muscle activity with all three grip sizes (p < 0.05). In conclusion, forearm muscle activity is not affected by grip sizes. However, club head speed increases when using undersize grips.]]> Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:57:01 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11716 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:57:00 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11713 /=800 m to Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:57:00 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11712 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:57:00 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11692 1 consecutive calendar year/season; and (3) individuals were the unit of analysis. DATA EXTRACTION: Key study features were summarised, including definitions of injury, how multiple individual injuries were reported and results relating to multiple injuries. RESULTS: Of the 71 publications included, half did not specifically indicate multiple individual injuries; those that did were largely limited to reporting recurrent injuries. Eight studies reported the number/proportion of athletes with more than one injury, and 11 studies presented the mean/number of injuries per athlete. CONCLUSIONS: Despite it being relatively common to collect data on individuals across more than one season, the reporting of multiple injuries within individuals is much more limited. Ultimately, better addressing of multiple injuries will improve the accuracy of injury incidence studies and enable more precise targeting and monitoring of the effectiveness of preventive interventions.]]> Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:59 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11701 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:59 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11704 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:59 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11693 3 months (SA), bodybuilding controls (n = 8) (BC), and (n = 8) sedentary male controls (SC). FEV(1), FVC, and PEF were measured. The results found that all subjects were within normal range, and there were no differences between groups. Maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), and grip strength were both significantly greater in SU (P < 0.05) compared with SC; no significant difference was found between the other groups. Their MIP and grip strength was significantly correlated (r = 0.57; P < 0.05). The data from this study suggest that the combination of resistance training and AAS administration produce a significant increase in MIP in a cohort of long-term AAS users.]]> Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:59 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11687 1 injury over a playing season. However, there is currently little high-quality epidemiological evidence about the risk of, and relationships between, multiple and subsequent injuries. PURPOSE: To describe the subsequent injuries sustained by Australian Football League (AFL) players over 1 season, including their most common injury diagnoses. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS: Within-player linked injury data on all date-ordered match-loss injuries sustained by AFL players during 1 full season were obtained. The total number of injuries per player was determined, and in those with >1 injury, the Subsequent Injury Classification (SIC) model was used to code all subsequent injuries based on their Orchard Sports Injury Classification System (OSICS) codes and the dates of injury. RESULTS: There were 860 newly recorded injuries in 543 players; 247 players (45.5%) sustained >/=1 subsequent injuries after an earlier injury, with 317 subsequent injuries (36.9% of all injuries) recorded overall. A subsequent injury generally occurred to a different body region and was therefore superficially unrelated to an index injury. However, 32.2% of all subsequent injuries were related to a previous injury in the same season. Hamstring injuries were the most common subsequent injury. The mean time between injuries decreased with an increasing number of subsequent injuries. CONCLUSION: When relationships between injuries are taken into account, there is a high level of subsequent (and multiple) injuries leading to missed games in an elite athlete group.]]> Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:58 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11491 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:48 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11495 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:48 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11499 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:48 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11483 .05). The HR, RPE and DOMS scores were not significantly different between conditions (p >.05). These results suggest that in response to a matched-intensity exercise bout, markers of post-exercise muscle damage may be reduced by running on softer ground surfaces. Such training strategy may be used to minimize musculoskeletal strain while still incurring an equivalent cardiovascular training stimulus. © 2017 European College of Sport Science.]]> Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:47 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11178 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:30 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11179 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:30 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11154 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:29 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11128 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:27 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11116 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:26 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10750 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:06 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10720 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:04 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10436 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:55:48 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:7639 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:47:07 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:7586 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:47:03 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:7553 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:47:00 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:7550 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:47:00 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:7411 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:46:52 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:7409 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:46:52 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:7205 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:46:41 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6925 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:46:28 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5623 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:45:16 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5480 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:45:07 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5495 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:45:07 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:5125 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:44:45 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:3827 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:34:52 AEST ]]>