http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:14277 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:02:22 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:14272 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:02:21 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:14179 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:02:15 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:14155 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:02:14 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:14097 75% of children vaccinated with either PCV10 or PCV13. Children carried a total of 65 different pneumococcal serotypes (plus nonserotypeable). At 4 months of age, 92% (95% confidence interval [CI] 85–96) of children vaccinated with PCV10 and 81% (95% CI 72–88) vaccinated with PCV13 were pneumococcal carriers (P = .023), whereas no differences were seen at 9 months of age, or for NTHi carriage. Both vaccines were well tolerated and not associated with serious adverse events. Conclusions. Infant vaccination with 3 doses of PCV10 or PCV13 is safe and immunogenic in a highly endemic setting; however, to significantly reduce pneumococcal disease in these settings, PCVs with broader serotype coverage and potency to reduce pneumococcal carriage are needed. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT01619462.]]> Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:02:11 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13456 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:36 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13455 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:36 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13453 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:35 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13447 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:35 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13442 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:35 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13421 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:34 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13307 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:28 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12970 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:10 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12969 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:10 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12954 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:09 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12953 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:09 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12952 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:09 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12939 100 h at a MIC of ≥4 μg/ml was approximately 50%. All isolates were ceftriaxone sensitive. These data support ceftriaxone rather than conventional chloramphenicol for all PNG children with suspected ABM.]]> Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:08 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12936 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:08 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12934 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:08 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12933 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:08 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12928 15,500 cases and > 500 deaths. Methods: Using the national cholera database, we analysed the spatio-temporal distribution and clustering of the Papua New Guinea cholera outbreak. The Kulldorff space-time permutation scan statistic, contained in the software package SatScan v9.2 was used to describe the first 8 weeks of the outbreak in Morobe Province before cholera cases spread throughout other regions of the country. Data were aggregated at the provincial level to describe the spread of the disease to other affected provinces. Results: Spatio-temporal and cluster analyses revealed that the outbreak was characterized by three distinct phases punctuated by explosive propagation of cases when the outbreak spread to a new region. The lack of road networks across most of Papua New Guinea is likely to have had a major influence on the slow spread of the disease during this outbreak. Conclusions: Identification of high risk areas and the likely mode of spread can guide government health authorities to formulate public health strategies to mitigate the spread of the disease through education campaigns, vaccination, increased surveillance in targeted areas and interventions to improve water, sanitation and hygiene.]]> Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:08 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12927 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:08 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12922 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:07 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12915 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:07 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12910 3 months increased from 14.9 to 43.0% and 29.0 to 47.7% in cases and controls (both p < 0.001). Despite inclusion in the national immunization program in 2014, 2015 PCV13 three-dose coverage in cases and controls >3 months was only 4.0 and 6.5%. Conclusions: Recruitment of large numbers of pediatric pneumonia and meningitis cases and community controls in a third-world setting presents unique challenges. Successful enrolment of 998 cases and 978 controls with comprehensive clinical data, biological specimens and follow up was achieved. Increased vaccine coverage remains an ongoing health priority.]]> Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:07 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12908 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:07 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12898 70% thereafter, with high-density carriage in 42% of pneumococcuspositive samples. We identified 63 different serotypes; 43% of isolates from controls were 13vPCV serotypes. There were no significant differences in 7vPCV serotype carriage between 7vPCV recipients and controls at any age (22% vs. 31% at 9 months, p = 0.2). At age 9 months the prevalence of non-7vPCV carriage was 17% higher in 7vPCV recipients (48%) than in controls (25%, p = 0.02). More non-7vPCV serotypes were isolated from ear discharge in 16 7vPCV recipients than from 4 controls (48% vs. 25%, p = 0.13). The limited impact of neonatal or accelerated infant 7vPCV schedules on vaccine serotype carriage is probably due to the early onset of dense carriage of a broad range of pneumococcal serotypes. While serotype-independent pneumococcal vaccines are needed in high-risk populations, the underlying environmental factors and sources of infection must be investigated.]]> Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:06 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12870 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:01:04 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12734 5 years) admitted to the paediatric ward of Goroka General Hospital from August 2009 through November 2010. A large range of viral and bacterial enteric pathogens were targeted using real-time PCR/RT-PCR assays. Results: Young children were much more likely to be admitted with acute gastroenteritis, with 62.8% of patients aged >1 year and 88.4% aged >2 years. An enteric pathogen was detected in 69.8% (n= 138) of patients. The most commonly detected pathogens were Shigella spp (26.6%), rotavirus (25.6%), adenovirus types 40/41 (11.6%), enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (11.1%), enteropathogenic E. coli (8.5%), norovirus G2 (6.0%), and Campylobacter spp (4.0%). Norovirus G1, sapovirus, and Salmonella spp were also detected, but below our statistical limit of detection. Vibrio cholerae and astrovirus were not detected in any patients. Mixed infections were detected in 22.1% of patients, with Shigella and rotavirus most commonly detected in co-infections with other pathogens. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that Shigella and rotavirus are the major pathogens associated with acute paediatric gastroenteritis in this setting. © 2014 The Authors.]]> Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:00:57 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12727 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:00:57 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12636 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:00:52 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12620 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:00:51 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12582 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:00:49 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12560 15,000 cases of cholera were reported, resulting in approximately 500 deaths. The origin of this outbreak is unknown, but considering the remote location of the initial outbreak an infected international traveller is unlikely to be the source. In this paper we review the characteristics of the PNG cholera outbreak and discuss the ongoing threat of cholera to the country and the region.]]> Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:00:48 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12559 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:00:48 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12556 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:00:48 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12202 Wed 07 Apr 2021 14:00:30 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11882 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:57:10 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:11077 100 colonies from each sample). For the alternate serotyping methods, the overall sensitivity ranged from 1% to 99% (reference method 98%), and PPV from 8% to 100% (reference method 100%), when testing the spiked samples. Fifteen methods had ≥70% sensitivity to detect the dominant (major) serotype, whilst only eight methods had ≥70% sensitivity to detect minor serotypes. For the field samples, the overall sensitivity ranged from 74.2% to 95.8% (reference method 93.8%), and PPV from 82.2% to 96.4% (reference method 99.6%). The microarray had the highest sensitivity (95.8%) and high PPV (93.7%). The major limitation of this study is that not all of the available alternative serotyping methods were included. Conclusions: Most methods were able to detect the dominant serotype in a sample, but many performed poorly in detecting the minor serotype populations. Microarray with a culture amplification step was the top-performing method. Results from this comprehensive evaluation will inform future vaccine evaluation and impact studies, particularly in low-income settings, where pneumococcal disease burden remains high. © 2015 Satzke et al. *For a complete list of authors, please see acknowledgments in the published article.]]> Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:24 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10824 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:56:11 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:10295 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:55:38 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:8258 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:53:19 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6527 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:46:06 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6146 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:45:44 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:6101 Wed 07 Apr 2021 13:45:41 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12781 Wed 05 May 2021 11:59:09 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12540 48 hours post-admission and thus considered nosocomially acquired. These data suggest two distinct patterns of bacterial infection in PNG surgical inpatients that have implications for national antibiotic prescription guidelines.]]> Wed 05 May 2021 11:39:22 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:18775 1 resistance determinant) is widespread across geographies and genotypes, with high-level ciprofloxacin resistance (=3 determinants) reaching 20% prevalence in South Asia. Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) typhoid has becomedominant in Pakistan (70% in 2020) but has not yet become established elsewhere. Ceftriaxone resistance has emerged in eight non-XDR genotypes, including a ciprofloxacin-resistant lineage (4.3.1.2.1) in India. Azithromycin resistance mutations were detected at low prevalence in South Asia, including in two common ciprofloxacin-resistant genotypes. Conclusions: The consortium’s aim is to encourage continued data sharing and collaboration to monitor the emergence and global spread of AMR Typhi, and to inform decision-making around the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCVs) and other prevention and control strategies. © Carey et al. **Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 30 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Andrew Greenhill” is provided in this record**]]> Tue 16 Jan 2024 14:26:10 AEDT ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:17641 1) coincided with spread of progenitor methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) in remote northern Australian populations, dissemination of the ST93-MRSA-IV genotype into population centers on the Australian East Coast, and subsequent importation into the highlands of Papua New Guinea and Far North Queensland. Applying the same phylodynamic methods to existing lineage datasets, we identified common signatures of epidemic growth in the emergence and epidemiological trajectory of community-associated S. aureus lineages from America, Asia, Australasia, and Europe. Surges in Re were observed at the divergence of antibiotic-resistant strains, coinciding with their establishment in regional population centers. Epidemic growth was also observed among drug-resistant MSSA clades in Africa and northern Australia. Our data suggest that the emergence of community-associated MRSA in the late 20th century was driven by a combination of antibiotic-resistant genotypes and host epidemiology, leading to abrupt changes in lineage-wide transmission dynamics and sustained transmission in regional population centers. Copyright © 2022 the Author(s).]]> Tue 09 May 2023 12:36:16 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16364 Tue 09 Aug 2022 12:05:58 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:15610 Tue 04 Jan 2022 11:22:14 AEDT ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12558 Tue 03 Aug 2021 17:05:46 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:17456 Thu 23 Mar 2023 11:41:15 AEDT ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:17442 Thu 23 Mar 2023 11:20:08 AEDT ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:14840 Thu 19 May 2022 12:11:29 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:13843 Thu 19 May 2022 11:05:03 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:18827 Thu 18 Jan 2024 11:56:09 AEDT ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:12929 Thu 03 Feb 2022 12:53:21 AEDT ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:14846 Mon 30 Nov 2020 09:03:42 AEDT ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:16981 Mon 12 Dec 2022 14:56:40 AEDT ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:15024 Mon 12 Apr 2021 15:36:09 AEST ]]> http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/manager/Repository/vital:14640 Mon 10 May 2021 13:00:46 AEST ]]>