Showing items 81 - 100 of 472

Your selections:

The association of avoidance coping style, and perceived mother and father support with anxiety/depression among late adolescents : Applicability of resiliency models

- Gomez, Rapson, McLaren, Suzanne

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson , McLaren, Suzanne
  • Date: 2006
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 40, no. 6 (2006), p. 1165-1176
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: This study examined the applicability of the compensatory, the risk-protective, the challenge, and the protective-protective models of resiliency for the prediction of anxiety/depression from avoidance coping style (the risk factor) and perceived mother and father support (the protective factors). A total of 331 participants, with age ranging from 18 to 20 years, completed self-rating questionnaires covering perceived mother support, perceived father support, avoidance coping style, and anxiety/depression. Results showed that for perceived mother support as the protective factor, there was support for the compensatory, the risk-protective, and the challenge models. With perceived father support as the protective factor, there was support for the compensatory and challenge models. When both perceived mother and father support were considered together, there was support for the protective-protective model. © 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003002027

Neuroticism and extraversion as predictors of negative and positive emotional information processing : Comparing Eysenck's, Gray's, and Newman's theories

- Gomez, Rapson, Gomez, Andre, Cooper, Andrew

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Gomez, Andre , Cooper, Andrew
  • Date: 2002
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: European Journal of Personality Vol. 16, no. 5 (2002), p. 333-350
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: This study compared how extraversion, neuroticism, and extraversion × neuroticism are related to processing of pleasant and unpleasant emotional information as predicted by Eysenck's, Gray's, and Newman's theories. Initially, the participants' levels of extraversion (as measured by the sociability subscale) and neuroticism were assessed with Eysenck's Personality Inventory. They were then tested individually. After completing a questionnaire of current positive and negative moods, they completed three tasks measuring processing of pleasant, unpleasant, and also neutral information. The results showed that extraversion was associated positively with the processing of pleasant information, while neuroticism was associated positively with the processing of unpleasant information. These findings support predictions from Eysenck's theory. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
  • Description: 2003000179

Convergent, discriminant and concurrent validities of measures of the behavioural approach and behavioural inhibition systems : Confirmatory factor analytic approach

- Gomez, Rapson, Gomez, Andre

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Gomez, Andre
  • Date: 2005
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 38, no. 1 (2005), p. 87-102
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) suggests that personality reflects the operation of the behavioural inhibition system (BIS), and the behavioural approach system (BAS). Several measures have been proposed for the BAS and BIS. Based on ratings by 358 adults of the BAS measures of EPI impulsivity, Carver and White's (CW) BAS and GRAPES reward expectancy, and the BIS related measures of STAI-anxiety, CW BIS and GRAPES punishment expectancy, this study used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine their convergent and discriminant validities. CFA was also used to examine the relations of the BAS and BIS factors with latent extraversion and neuroticism. The results of this study indicated support for the convergent validities of all the BAS and BIS measures. With the exception of GRAPES reward expectancy, there was some support for their discriminant validities also. All BIS factors correlated negatively with extraversion and positively with neuroticism. Among the BAS measures, only EPI impulsivity correlated positively with both extraversion and neuroticism. These findings support their concurrent validities. © 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003001242

An item response theory analysis of the Carver and White (1994) BIS/BAS Scales

- Gomez, Rapson, Cooper, Andrew, Gomez, Andre

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Cooper, Andrew , Gomez, Andre
  • Date: 2005
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 39, no. 6 (2005), p. 1093-1103
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: The Carver and White BIS/BAS Scales comprise a scale for measuring behavioural inhibition sensitivity and three scales for measuring the behavioural activation sensitivity factors of reward responsiveness, drive and fun seeking. Item response theory (IRT), using Samejima's (1969) graded response model, was used to examine the psychometric properties of these four scales. A total of 520 adult participants completed the BIS/BAS Scales. Although all items in all four scales were reasonably effective in discriminating their respective traits, they provided good measures of their respective latent traits from only moderately low to moderately high trait levels. Also, the category response curves for the first three of the four response options for the items in the reward responsiveness scale showed considerable overlap. These findings suggest some limitations in the psychometric qualities of the BIS/BAS Scale. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003001244

A multitrait-multisource confirmatory factor analytic approach to the construct validity of ADHD and ODD rating scales with Malaysian children

- Gomez, Rapson, Burns, Leonard, Walsh, James, Hafetz, Nina

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Burns, Leonard , Walsh, James , Hafetz, Nina
  • Date: 2005
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology Vol. 33, no. 2 (2005), p. 241-254
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to model a multitrait by multisource matrix to determine the convergent and discriminant validity of measures of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-inattention (IN), ADHD-hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in 917 Malaysian elementary school children. The three trait factors were ADHD-IN, ADHD-HI, and ODD. The two source factors were parents and teachers. Similar to earlier studies with Australian and Brazilian children, the parent and teacher measures failed to show convergent and discriminant validity with Malaysian children. The study outlines the implications of such strong source effects in ADHD-IN, ADHD-HI, and ODD measures for the use of such parent and teacher scales to study the symptom dimensions. © 2005 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003001246

Testing gender differential item functioning for ordinal and binary scored parent rated ADHD symptoms

- Gomez, Rapson

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson
  • Date: 2007
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 42, no. 4 (2007), p. 733-742
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: The study used the ordinal logistic regression method to examine gender differential item functioning (DIF) for ratings of the ADHD symptoms. This was examined for two different response scoring methods: ordinal and binary. Parents from the general community completed ratings for 742 and 733 primary school-aged girls and boys, respectively. Results indicate no gender DIF for all the ordinal scored inattention (IA) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) symptoms, and all the binary scored IA symptoms. For the binary scored HI symptoms, there was DIF for one symptom, while DIF could not be computed for three symptoms. Overall, these findings suggest minimal gender DIF for the ADHD symptoms. The implications of the findings for the use of ADHD rating scales in clinical practice are discussed. © 2006.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003005741

Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory : Comparing the separable and joint subsystems. Hypotheses in the predictions of pleasant and unpleasant emotional information processing

- Gomez, Rapson, Cooper, Andrew, McOrmond, Rhonda, Tatlow, Sarah

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson , Cooper, Andrew , McOrmond, Rhonda , Tatlow, Sarah
  • Date: 2004
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Personality and Individual Differences Vol. 37, no. 2 (2004), p. 289-305
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: This study compared the applicability of the separable subsystems hypothesis and the joint subsystems hypothesis of Gray's reinforcement sensitivity theory (RST) in understanding the processing of pleasant and unpleasant emotional stimuli. In all 132 participants completed questionnaires covering trait impulsivity and anxiety, and reward expectancy and punishment expectancy. Following this, participants were tested individually on three tasks measuring processing of pleasant, unpleasant and neutral information. One task involved processing the valence of words. The second involved free recall of these words, and the third task involved developing stories based on emotionally ambiguous statements. The findings were mixed, with the results for the word processing and free recall tasks being consistent with the separable subsystems hypothesis, and the results for the story completion task being consistent with the joint subsystems hypothesis. The implications of task characteristics in relation to the RST and cognitive processing of emotional information are discussed. © 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003000962

Computerized interaction simulation in the assessment of aggression-related response style and dispositions

- Aidman, Eugene

"They do it just to show off." Year 9 girls,' boys' and their teachers' explanations for boys' aggression to girls

- Owens, Larry, Shute, Rosalyn, Slee, Phillip

  • Authors: Owens, Larry , Shute, Rosalyn , Slee, Phillip
  • Date: 2007
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Adolescence and Youth Vol. 13, no. 4 (2007), p. 343-360
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Because children and young teenagers usually associate in same-sex groups, study of aggression in schools has often focused on within-sex interactions. However, during adolescence, boys and girls increasingly interact with each other which provides the opportunity for constructive pro-social relationships as well as for damaging conflict and aggression. This paper examines the explanations of boys' aggression to girls provided in focus group discussions and individual interviews at four middle class Adelaide metropolitan schools by Grade 9 boys, girls and their teachers. Thematic analyses revealed some common and some differing explanations across boys, girls and teachers. AU agreed that boys were verbally aggressive to girls in order to impress other boys and for their own entertainment or fun (i.e., to get a laugh). Boys and teachers reported that boys' offensive behaviour to girls was sometimes an attempt to impress girls. For some boys, the motive for hurting girls was revenge. Some teachers suggested that boys' hurtful behaviour may be explained by sexist attitudes learned at home. This study highlights the vital role of the peer group in motivating boys' aggressive behaviour toward girls. It also emphasizes the importance of understanding behaviour from the different perspectives of boys, girls and teachers. © 2007 A B Academic Publishers.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003005852

Underlying processes in the poor response inhibition of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

- Gomez, Rapson

  • Authors: Gomez, Rapson
  • Date: 2003
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Attention Disorders Vol. 6, no. 3 (2003), p. 111-122
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: This study evaluated the effects of reward, punishment, and reward + punishment on the impulsive responses of ADHD children. The impulsive responses of ADHD and normal control boys (30 per group) were compared during performance of a go/no-go task, administered under reward-only, punishment-only, and reward + punishment conditions. When differences in aggression, anxiety, and IQ between these groups were controlled for, results indicated that the impulsivity levels of the ADHD group were higher than the control group in all three reinforcement conditions. Also, the ADHD group was more impulsive in the reward + punishment condition, compared to the reward-only and punishment-only conditions, and there was no difference between the reward-only and punishment-only conditions. The control groups showed no difference across the three reinforcement conditions. These findings raise the possibility that the poor response inhibition of ADHD children may be related to both a generalized inhibitory deficit and a response modulation deficit.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003000492

Sport psychology

- Spittle, Michael

Co-morbid depression and chronic illness related to coping and physical and mental health status

- Di Benedetto, Mirella, Lindner, Helen, Aucote, Helen, Churcher, Jacqui, McKenzie, Stephen, Croning, Natalie, Jenkins, Erin

  • Authors: Di Benedetto, Mirella , Lindner, Helen , Aucote, Helen , Churcher, Jacqui , McKenzie, Stephen , Croning, Natalie , Jenkins, Erin
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Psychology, Health and Medicine Vol. 19, no. 3 (May 2014 2014), p. 253-262
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: A partial latent structural regression analysis was used to evaluate the role of coping resources, depression, diet and exercise on mental and physical health status. The sample consisted of 113 participants (59 females and 54 males) with a mean age of 59.38 years (SD = 10.52). Coping resources, depression and exercise explained 52 and 26% of the variance in mental and physical health status, respectively. Fewer coping resources predicted higher levels of depression and both predicted worse mental health. Only higher levels of depression predicted worse physical health status. There were also significant indirect effects of coping on mental and physical health status through depression. The development of cognitive, social and emotional coping strategies is important for managing depression and supporting positive mental health. These results highlight the important role of health psychologists in the care of individuals with chronic illness. Additionally, the management of depression is important in maintaining positive physical health.

Clinical and Cost-Effectiveness of Therapist-Guided Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Older Adults With Symptoms of Anxiety: A Randomized Controlled Trial

- Dear, Blake, Zou, Judy, Ali, Shehzad, Lorian, Carolyn, Johnston, Luke, Sheehan, Joanne, Staples, Lauren, Gandy, Milena, Fogliati, Vincent, Klein, Britt, Titov, Nickolai

  • Authors: Dear, Blake , Zou, Judy , Ali, Shehzad , Lorian, Carolyn , Johnston, Luke , Sheehan, Joanne , Staples, Lauren , Gandy, Milena , Fogliati, Vincent , Klein, Britt , Titov, Nickolai
  • Date: 2015
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Behavior Therapy Vol. 46, no. 2 (2015), p. 206-217
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: There is preliminary support for internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy (iCBT) as a way of improving access to treatment among older adults with anxiety. The aim of this randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to examine the efficacy, long-term outcomes, and cost-effectiveness of an iCBT program for adults over 60. years of age with anxiety. Successful applicants were randomly allocated to either the treatment group (n= 35) or the waitlist control group (n= 37). The online treatment course was delivered over 8. weeks and provided with brief weekly contact with a clinical psychologist via telephone or secure email. Eighty-four percent of participants completed the iCBT course within the 8. weeks and 90% provided data at posttreatment. Significantly lower scores on measures of anxiety (Cohen's d=. 1.43; 95% CI: 0.89 - 1.93) and depression (Cohen's d=. 1.79; 95% CI: 1.21 - 2.32) were found among the treatment group compared to the control group at posttreatment. These lower scores were maintained at 3-month and 12-month follow-up and the treatment group rated the iCBT treatment as acceptable. The treatment group had slightly higher costs ($92.2; 95% CI: $38.7 to $149.2) and Quality-Adjusted Life-Years (QALYs. =. 0.010; 95% CI: 0.003 to 0.018) than the control group at posttreatment and the intervention was found to have a greater than 95% probability of being cost-effective. The results support iCBT as an efficacious and cost-effective treatment option for older adults with symptoms of anxiety. © 2014 Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies.

ADHD bifactor model based on parent and teacher ratings of Malaysian children

- Gomez, Rapson

The importance of the psychological contract for effective learning in apprenticeships

- Smith, Erica, Walker, Arlene, Kemmis, Ros Brennan

Sense of belonging to specific communities and depressive symptoms among Australian gay men

- Morris, Simon, McLaren, Suzanne, McLachlan, Angus, Jenkins, Megan

  • Authors: Morris, Simon , McLaren, Suzanne , McLachlan, Angus , Jenkins, Megan
  • Date: 2015
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Homosexuality Vol.62 , no.6 (2015), p.804-820
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Sense of belonging to the general and broader gay communities has been shown to be beneficial for gay men’s mental health. This research investigated the interrelations between sense of belonging to three forms of gay community (the broader gay community, gay groups, and gay friends), sense of belonging to the general community, and depressive symptoms by examining a path model. A community sample of 177 gay men, aged 18 to 79 years, completed the Sense of Belonging Instrument–Psychological subscale, the Centre for Epidemiological Studies–Depression Scale, and the Sense of Belonging within Gay Communities Scale. The model provided excellent fit to the data in which sense of belonging to the general community mediated the relationships between a sense of belonging to gay groups and with gay friends and depressive symptoms. Results imply that enhancing gay men’s sense of belonging to gay groups and with gay friends is likely to be associated with fewer depressive symptoms, by virtue of their enhanced sense of belonging to the general community.

The relationship between geographic remoteness and intentions to use a telephone support service among australian men following radical prostatectomy

- Corboy, Denise, McLaren, Suzanne, Jenkins, Megan, McDonald, John

  • Authors: Corboy, Denise , McLaren, Suzanne , Jenkins, Megan , McDonald, John
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Psycho-Oncology Vol. 23, no. 11 (2014), p. 1259-1266
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Objective: The objective is to investigate the influence of characteristics related to place of residence (self-reliance and stoicism) on men's intentions to use a telephone support service following radical prostatectomy. Methods: A community sample of 447 prostate cancer patients (31% response), recruited via Medicare Australia, completed a survey to assess levels of self-reliance and stoicism, and beliefs about addressing emotional distress through using telephone support services. Results: Results indicated that the model was a partially mediated model. Geographic remoteness was directly related to intention, and indirectly related through stoicism and subjective norms. Conclusion: Men from rural and remote areas in Australia might face particular challenges in seeking support following treatment for prostate cancer. These challenges appear to relate to the influence of stoic attitudes and normative expectations, than to issues of access and availability. Addressing stoic attitudes in the clinical setting, through normalising emotional reactions to cancer diagnosis and treatment, and the act of help-seeking for emotional support, may be beneficial.Sons, Ltd.

Oscillations of sea level rise along the Atlantic coast of North America north of Cape Hatteras

- Parker, Albert

  • Authors: Parker, Albert
  • Date: 2013
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Natural Hazards Vol. 65, no. 1 (2013), p. 991-997
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: It is shown in the short comment that the sea levels are oscillating about a longer-term trend and that the sea level rise (SLR) computed with time windows of 20, 30 or 60 years also oscillates, with the amplitude of these latter oscillations reducing as the time window increases. The use of only two values of the SLR distribution is misleading to infer conclusions about the accelerating behaviour. In particular, the comparison of the 30-year SLR 1950-1979 with the 30-year SLR 1980-2009 for the tide gauges along the Atlantic coast of North America north of Cape Hatteras to infer an accelerating behaviour is particularly wrong because the 30-year time window is a too short interval to appreciate the longer-term sea level trend cleared of the multi-decadal oscillations, and the two values from the SLR distribution are computed, respectively, at the times of a valley and a peak for the 60-year Atlantic Ocean multi-decadal oscillation. By using a 60-year time window or all the data since opening when more than 60 years of recording are available and by analysing the SLR time history, the only conclusion that can be inferred from the analysis of the tide gauges along the North American Atlantic coast is that the sea levels are oscillating without too much of a positive acceleration along their longer-term trend. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.
  • Description: 2003010586

Observations of caregiver supervision of children at beaches : Identification of factors associated with high supervision

- Petrass, Lauren, Blitvich, Jennifer, Finch, Caroline

  • Authors: Petrass, Lauren , Blitvich, Jennifer , Finch, Caroline
  • Date: 2011
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Injury Prevention Vol. 17, no. 4 (2011), p. 244-249
  • Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565900
  • Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/565904
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Objective: To identify independent factors associated with caregiver supervision levels at beaches. Methods: Children (aged 1-14 years) engaged in beach play and their caregivers were observed at Australian beaches during September-April, 2008/09. Caregiver, child, and environmental factor data were collected and recorded on a validated observation instrument. The main outcome of interest was a continuous measure of supervision. After adjusting for potential clustering by beach/state, multivariable linear regression was used to identify independent factors associated with caregiver supervision. Results: Four independent predictors of supervision and one interaction effect (child age by the caregiver and child position on beach) were identified. Caregivers who were supervising from a different position to where the child was playing were less likely to provide high supervision, as were older caregivers (>35 years) compared to younger caregivers (≤34 years). Compared to children playing alone, children playing with one, or two or more others were less likely to receive high supervision, and children aged 1-4 years were likely to receive higher supervision than older children. Conclusion: This study provides new knowledge about underlying factors associated with the level of caregiver supervision in beach settings. Future studies should continue to explore independent predictors of supervision so that effective programmes, which focus on caregiver supervision, can be targeted to address poor supervision practices.

The role of psychopathic traits and substance abuse in predicting violent victimization in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

- Dolan, Mairead, O'Malley, Kate, McGregor, Kate

  • Authors: Dolan, Mairead , O'Malley, Kate , McGregor, Kate
  • Date: 2013
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Personality and Mental Health Vol. 7, no. 1 (2013), p. 28-38
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: We examined the relationship between psychopathic traits and substance abuse and violent victimization in 94 community patients meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia spectrum disorders in contact with public mental health services in Victoria, Australia. Data on violence and victimization were collated from multiple sources and combined to categorize patients into victims of serious violence (VV; n=74) and those who were not victims of serious violence (NVV; n=20) groups. The VV group had higher rates of unemployment and previous violence but did not differ from the NVV on current symptom ratings. The VV group has significantly higher substance abuse and psychopathy scores, but only psychopathy score significantly contributed to the prediction of victimization. All psychopathy facets were reasonably good predictors of victimization status, but the antisocial facet contributed most to the prediction of victimization. A better understanding of the role and contribution of antisocial (particularly psychopathic) traits in violent victimization in mentally ill populations is needed to better inform community management plans. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.