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Ecology of charophytes – permanent pioneers and ecosystem engineers

- Schubert, Hendrik, Blindow, Irmgard, Bueno, Norma, Casanova, Michelle, Pełechaty, Mariusz, Pukacz, Andrzej

  • Authors: Schubert, Hendrik , Blindow, Irmgard , Bueno, Norma , Casanova, Michelle , Pełechaty, Mariusz , Pukacz, Andrzej
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Perspectives in Phycology Vol. 5, no. 1 (2018), p. 61-74
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  • Description: For almost a century, charophytes have been regarded as a group that is confined to low-nutrient-clear water conditions. In light of recent research, this generalisation of the ecological niche dimensions of charophytes has changed and now includes more facets of ecological existence. In this review, the current knowledge with respect to species-specificity as well as temporal aspects – ontogenetic and successional ones – of the ecological requirements of charophytes are presented and discussed. This review identifies new directions for ecological research on charophytes as well as knowledge gaps to be filled, not just for reasons of academic curiosity, but also for applied purposes such as lake restoration, bioremediation and bioindication of water quality and water regime.

First record of pectoral sandpiper calidris melanotus for bali Island, Indonesia, at Serangan Island in Benoa Bay

- Jones, Steve, Trainor, Colin

  • Authors: Jones, Steve , Trainor, Colin
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Wader Study Vol. 123, no. 2 (2016), p. 153-155
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  • Description: On 19 August 2015, SJ visited Serangan Island, Bali Island, Indonesia (8°44'22''S, 115°13'13''E; Fig. 1), making an initial stop at a large pond in the centre-west near Benoa Bay. The pond is also part of a project to reclaim parts of Benoa Bay and is ‘land under reclamation’; it is landlocked and fed by rainwater and not affected by tidal movements. As the tide recedes thousands of shorebirds and waterbirds disperse to all areas of Benoa Bay, and return again to these ponds on the incoming tide. Shorebird species that stay at the ponds during low tide are usually quieter and hence there are opportunities to take photographs. While attempting to photograph birds of local interest such as Little Ringed Plover Charadrius dubius, SJ took photographs of two birds; one was clearly a Wood Sandpiper Tringa glareola, but the other with bright yellow legs could not be identified in the field. When the photos were processed the yellow-legged bird was identified as a Sharp-tailed Sandpiper Calidris acuminata, but when later uploaded online it was confirmed on social media by several shorebirders (see Acknowledgements) as a Pectoral Sandpiper C. melanotus. About six photographs were taken initially, but SJ returned to take clearer shots on 21 August 2015. The identity of the bird was then confirmed and it was also considered to be a probable adult female. The key features visible in the photos that distinguish Pectoral from Sharp-tailed Sandpiper include the obvious pectoral band, yellowish legs and ‘small-headedness’ (Fig. 2). It was not seen by SJ on subsequent visits made with the specific aim of relocating the bird (25–26 & 28 August 2015), so it had presumably left the site.

The bridges and barriers model of support for high-functioning students with ASD in mainstream schools

- Holcombe, Wendy, Plunkett, Margaret

  • Authors: Holcombe, Wendy , Plunkett, Margaret
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australian Journal of Teacher Education Vol. 41, no. 9 (2016), p. 27-47
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  • Description: Abstract: National statistics indicate the ongoing challenge of catering for the unique needs of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) within the context of inclusive education. Higher rates of difficulty and poorer outcomes are experienced by this cohort when compared to both the general population and others within the disability sector. The perspectives of educators from a variety of roles were examined to identify factors impacting upon the educational experience of high-functioning students with ASD to determine how they could be supported more effectively. Findings indicate despite extensive educational experience and considerable knowledge of ASD, many educators lack an understanding of how to identify individual student needs, and also of specific impacts of ASD and appropriate supportive strategies. Emerging from the data, the Bridges and Barriers Model of Support (BBMS) provides inclusive school communities with a framework for planning a shared understanding of student strengths, identified challenges, supportive strategies and specific targets for success.

Caucasian and south Asian men show equivalent improvements in surrogate biomarkers of cardiovascular and metabolic health following 6-weeks of supervised resistance training

- Knox, Allan, Sculthorpe, Nicholas, Grace, Fergal

  • Authors: Knox, Allan , Sculthorpe, Nicholas , Grace, Fergal
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: F1000Research Vol. 7, no. (2018), p. 1-16
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  • Description: Background: The South Asian population have greater cardiovascular risk than their age-matched Caucasian counterparts, characterized by unfavorable biomarkers. South Asians may also be partially resistant to the pleiotropic benefits of physical activity on cardiovascular health. There is a current absence of studies that compare markers of cardio-metabolic health between Caucasians and South Asians employing resistance exercise. This study set out to compare the response in biomarkers of cardio-metabolic health in Caucasians and South Asians in response to resistance exercise. Methods: Caucasian (n=15, 25.5 ± 4.8 yrs) and South Asian (n=13, 25.4 ± 7.0 yrs) males completed a 6-week progressive resistance exercise protocol. Fasting blood glucose, insulin, and their product insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglycerides (TRIGS), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), asymmetric dimythylarginine (ADMA), L-arginine (L-ARG) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were established at baseline and following resistance exercise. Results: There were significant improvements in fasting glucose, TC, LDL, HDL and VEGF in both groups following resistance exercise ( p<0.05, for all). No change was observed in insulin, HOMA-IR, TRIGS, ADMA, L-ARG following resistance exercise ( p>0.05, in both groups). CRP increased in the South Asian group ( p<0.05) but not the Caucasian group ( p>0.05) Conclusions: The cardio-metabolic response to resistance exercise is comparable in young Caucasian and South Asian males though inflammatory response to exercise may be prolonged in South Asians.

New algorithm to find a shape of a finite set of points

- Sukhorukova, Nadezda, Ugon, Julien

The contribution of sport participation to overall health enhancing physical activity levels in Australia : A population-based study

- Eime, Rochelle, Harvey, Jack, Charity, Melanie, Casey, Meghan, van Uffelen, Jannique, Payne, Warren

  • Authors: Eime, Rochelle , Harvey, Jack , Charity, Melanie , Casey, Meghan , van Uffelen, Jannique , Payne, Warren
  • Date: 2015
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: BMC Public Health Vol. 15, no. 1 (2015), p. 1-12
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  • Description: Background: The contribution of sport to overall health-enhancing leisure-time physical activity (HELPA) in adults is not well understood. The aim was to examine this in a national sample of Australians aged 15+ years, and to extend this examination to other ostensibly sport-associated activities. Methods: The 2010 Exercise, Recreation and Sport Survey (ERASS) was conducted by telephone interview in four quarterly waves. Data from this survey were analysed to categorise leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) as HELPA or non-HELPA, and to categorise HELPA activities and sessions of HELPA activity by setting and frequency. The contribution of sport to HELPA was estimated, both directly through activities and settings classified as sport per se, and indirectly through other fitness activities ostensibly related to preparation for sport and enhancement of sport performance. Results: Of 21,602 respondents, 82 % reported some LTPA in the 12 months prior to the survey. In aggregate, respondents reported 37,020 activity types in the previous 12 months, of which 94 % were HELPA. Of HELPA activities, 71 % were non-organised, 11 % were organised but not sport club-based, and 18 % were sport club-based. Of all sport activities, 52 % were HELPA. Of sport HELPA, 33 % was sport club-based and 78 % was undertaken ≥12 times/year. Sport club members were significantly more likely to have participated in running, but significantly less likely to have participated in walking or aerobics/fitness training, than non-club members. Conclusions: Club sport participation contributes considerably to LTPA at health enhancing levels. Health promotion policies, and more specifically physical activity policies, should emphasize the role of sport in enhancing health. Sport policy should recognise the health-promoting role of community-based sport in addition to the current predominant focus on elite pathways. © 2015 Eime et al.

Potential contributions of the soil seed bank and seed rain for accelerating the restoration of riparian catchments in Australia

- Florentine, Singarayer, Milberg, Per, Westbrooke, Martin

  • Authors: Florentine, Singarayer , Milberg, Per , Westbrooke, Martin
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Global Ecology and Conservation Vol. 47, no. (2023), p.
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  • Description: The quality and quantity of soil seed bank composition can play a key role in secondary succession restoration efforts such as those involved in this study, which concerned the restoration of damaged native sites in riparian environments in Victoria, Australia. The objective of this study of the restoration work was to determine the role played by naturally existing soil seed bank in the success of natural restoration in these restored and unmanaged riparian areas. In this regard, we sampled the soil seed bank, seed rain, seedlings in the field and vegetation cover from three sub catchments defined by restoration attempts which had been conducted (i) < 3 years, (ii) 4–8 years, and (iii) > 9 years previous to sampling. In addition, (iv) in order to provide comparative data, adjacent sites (iv) chosen for future restoration and (v) with remnant vegetation, were also sampled. From samples, a total of 8858 seedlings were recorded from the seed bank and the vegetation survey showed 170 species, with exotic species being more numerous than native. The seed rain (a total of 1422 seeds) was dominated by exotic species at all sites. When comparing the vegetation distribution and the seed rain composition, it was clear that whilst the seed bank was more promising as a comparative recruitment source of native species, there were still too many sites dominated by exotic species to rely on this as a long-term restoration strategy. However, this study indicated that there were significant variations in restoration potential among the sites, suggesting that some careful prior site selection for investment of restoration efforts is an important issue. As a consequence, we have recommended that a detailed understanding of the soil seed bank and seed rain species composition prior to the restoration is essential, since a positive seed bank composition with a significant relative density of native species seeds, will provide an indication of native species’ resilience and their potential for recovery. We therefore believe that the findings of this study will provide valuable information to natural resource management agencies regarding the strategy for prioritisation of restoration sites, which will be more beneficial than randomly selecting sites for habitat restoration. In addition, with successful sector restoration, it is expected that the increasing usefulness of the seed bank will allow further restoration of adjacent areas with time. © 2023 The Authors

An efficient framework for mining outlying aspects

- Samariya, Durgesh

  • Authors: Samariya, Durgesh
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
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  • Description: In the era of big data, an immense volume of information is being continuously generated. It is common to encounter errors or anomalies within datasets. These anomalies can arise due to system malfunctions or human errors, resulting in data points that deviate from expected patterns or values. Anomaly detection algorithms have been developed to identify such anomalies effectively from the data. However, these algorithms often fall short in providing insights into why a particular data point is considered as an anomaly. They cannot explain the specific feature subset(s) in which a,data point significantly differs from the majority of the data. To address this limitation, researchers have recently turned their attention,to a new research area called outlying aspect mining. This area focuses on discovering feature subset(s), known as aspects or subspaces, in which anomalous data points exhibit significant deviations from the remaining set of data. Outlying aspect mining algorithms aim to provide a more detailed,understanding of the characteristics that make a data point anomalous. Although outlying aspect mining is an emerging area of research only a few studies have been published so far. One of the key challenges in this field is scaling up these algorithms to handle large datasets, characterised by,either a large data size or high dimensionality. Many existing outlying aspect mining algorithms are not well-suited for such datasets, as they exhaustively enumerate all possible subspaces and utilise density or distance-based anomaly scores to rank subspaces. As a result, most of these algorithms struggle to handle datasets with dimensions exceeding 20. Addressing the scalability issue and developing efficient algorithms for outlying aspect mining in large datasets remain active area of research. The ability to identify and understand the specific feature subsets contributing to anomalies in big data holds great potential for various applications, including fraud detection, network intrusion detection, and anomaly-based decision support systems. Existing outlying aspect mining methods are suffering from three main problems. Firstly, these measures often rely on distance or density-based calculations, which can be biased toward high-dimensional spaces. As the dimensionality of the subspace increases, the density tends to decrease, making it difficult to assess the outlyingness of data points within specific subspaces accurately. Secondly, distances or density-based measures are computationally expensive, especially when dealing with large-scale datasets that contain millions of data points. As distance and density-based measures require computing pairwise distance, it makes them computationally expensive. In addition to that, existing work uses Z-Score normalisation to make density-based scoring measure dimensionally unbias. However, it adds additional computational overload on already computationally expensive measures. Lastly, existing outlying aspect mining uses brute-force methods to search subspaces. Thus, it is essential to tackle this efficiency issue because when the dimensionality of the data is high – candidate subspace grows exponentially, which is beyond computational resources. This research project aims to solve this challenge by developing efficient and effective methods for mining outlying aspects in high-dimensional and large datasets. I have explored and designed different scoring measures to find the outlyingness of a given data point in each subspace. The effectiveness and efficiency of these proposed measures have been verified with extensive experiments on synthetic and real-world datasets. To overcome the first problem, this thesis first identifies and analyses the condition under which Z-Score based normalisation scoring measure fails to find the most outlying aspects and proposes two different approaches called HMass and sGrid++, both measures are dimensionally unbiased in their raw form, which means they do not require any additional normalisation. sGrid++ is a simpler version of sGrid that is not only efficient and effective but also dimensionality unbiased. It does not require Z-score normalisation. HMass is a simple but effective and efficient histogram-based solution to rank outlying aspects of a given query in each subspace. In addition to detecting anomalies, HMass provides explanations on why the points are anomalous. Both sGrid++ and HMass do not require pair-wise calculation like distance or density-based measures; therefore, sGrid++ and HMass are computationally faster than distance and density-based measures, which solves the second issue of existing work. The effectiveness and efficiency of both sGrid++ and HMass are evaluated using synthetic and real-world datasets. In addition to that, I presented an exciting application of outlying aspect mining in the cybersecurity domain. To tackle the third problem, this thesis proposes an efficient and effective outlying aspect mining framework named OIMiner (for Outlying - Inlying Aspect Miner). It introduces a new scoring measure to compute outlying degree, called Simple Isolation score using Nearest Neighbor Ensemble (SiNNE), which not only detects the outliers but also provides an explanation on why the selected point is an outlier. SiNNE is a dimensionally unbias measure in its raw form, which means the scores produced by SiNNE are compared directly with subspaces having different dimensions. Thus, it does not require any normalisation to make the score unbiased. Our experimental results on synthetic and publicly available real-world datasets revealed that (i) SiNNE produces better or at least the same results as existing scores. (ii) It improves the run time of the existing outlying aspect mining algorithm based on beam search by at least two orders of magnitude. SiNNE allows the existing outlying aspect mining algorithm to run in datasets with hundreds of thousands of instances and thousands of dimensions, which was not possible before.
  • Description: Doctor of Philosophy

Noncoding genes on sex chromosomes and their function in sex determination, dosage compensation, male traits, and diseases

- Maier, Michelle, McInerney, Molly-Rose, Graves, Jennifer, Charchar, Fadi

  • Authors: Maier, Michelle , McInerney, Molly-Rose , Graves, Jennifer , Charchar, Fadi
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Sexual Development Vol. 15, no. 5-6 (2021), p. 432-440
  • Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1123472
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  • Description: The mammalian Y chromosome has evolved in many species into a specialized chromosome that contributes to sex development among other male phenotypes. This function is well studied in terms of protein-coding genes. Less is known about the noncoding genome on the Y chromosome and its contribution to both sex development and other traits. Once considered junk genetic material, noncoding RNAs are now known to contribute to the regulation of gene expression and to play an important role in refining cellular functions. The prime examples are noncoding genes on the X chromosome, which mitigate the differential dosage of genes on sex chromosomes. Here, we discuss the evolution of noncoding RNAs on the Y chromosome and the emerging evidence of how micro, long, and circular noncoding RNAs transcribed from the Y chromosome contribute to sex differentiation. We briefly touch on emerging evidence that these noncoding RNAs also contribute to some other important clinical phenotypes in humans. © 2021 S. Karger AG. All rights reserved.

12 Crack Men

- Forbes, Rodney

  • Authors: Forbes, Rodney
  • Date: 2010
  • Type: Text , Visual art work
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  • Description: Curation of solo exhibition, Churchill, Australia.

Special Issue on recent advances in continuous optimization on the occasion of the 25th European conference on Operational Research (EURO XXV 2012)

- Weber, Gerhard-Wilhelm, Kruger, Alexander, Martinez-Legaz, Juan, Mordukhovich, Boris, Sakalauskas, Leonidas

Incidence and aetiological factors in the development of medial tibial stress syndrome

- Diacogiorgis, Dimitri

  • Authors: Diacogiorgis, Dimitri
  • Date: 2005
  • Type: Text , Thesis , Masters
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  • Description: The aim of this 13 week prospective study was to investigate whether differences in hip, knee, ankle, subtalar, or first metatarsophalangeal joint (MPJ) range of motion and physical activity levels increase a person's likelihood of developing medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS)." --p.2.
  • Description: Master of Applied Science

GHTD-amide : A naturally occurring beta cell-derived peptide with hypoglycemic activity

- Paule, Sarah, Nikolovski, Biljana, Gray, Robyn, Ludeman, Justin, Freemantle, A., Spark, R. A., Kerr, J. B., Ng, F. M., Zimmet, Paul, Myers, Mark

  • Authors: Paule, Sarah , Nikolovski, Biljana , Gray, Robyn , Ludeman, Justin , Freemantle, A. , Spark, R. A. , Kerr, J. B. , Ng, F. M. , Zimmet, Paul , Myers, Mark
  • Date: 2009
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Peptides Vol. 30, no. 5 (2009), p. 955-961
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  • Description: in the early 1970s, a peptide fraction with insulin potentiating activity was purified from human urine but the identity and origins of the active constituent remained unknown. Here we identify the active component and characterize its origins. The active peptide was identified as an alpha amidated tetrapeptide with the sequence GHTD-amide. The peptide was synthesized and tested for stimulation of glycogen synthesis and insulin potentiation by insulin tolerance testing in insulin-deficient rats, which confirmed GHTD-amide as the active peptide. Tissue localization using a peptide-specific anti-serum and epifluorescent and confocal microscopy showed decoration of pancreatic islets but not other tissues. Confocal microscopy revealed co-localization with insulin and immunogold and electron microscopy showed localization to dense core secretory granules. Consistent with these observations GHTD-amide was found in media conditioned by MIN6 islet beta cells. Sequence database searching found no annotated protein in the human proteome encoding a potential precursor for GHTD-amide. We conclude that the insulin potentiating activity originally described in human urine is attributable to the tetrapeptide GHTD-amide. GHTD-amide is a novel peptide produced by pancreatic beta cells and no precursor protein is present in the annotated human proteome. Stimulation of glycogen synthesis and co-localization with insulin in beta cells suggest that GHTD-amide may play a role in glucose homeostasis by enhancing insulin action and glucose storage in tissues. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A financial stress index to model and forecast financial stress in Australia

- Mukulu, Sandra

  • Authors: Mukulu, Sandra
  • Date: 2017
  • Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
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  • Description: The series of financial crises that cascaded through and rocked much of the world over the past decade created opportunities to draw meaning from the pattern of countries succumbing to crisis and those who appear to be wholly or partially immune. This thesis examines the case of Australia, a developed country that has seldom experienced an endogenous crisis in the last few decades, but has experienced crisis by contagion. This study designs a financial stress index to measure and forecast the health of the Australian economy and proposes a custom-made stress index to: Gauge the potential for a crisis; and Signal when a timely intervention may minimise fear and contagion losses in the Australian financial market. Financial and economic data is used to design indicators for stress in the banking sector and equity, currency and bond markets. Further, this study explores how movements in equity markets of key trading partners of Australia can be used to predict movements in the Australian equity market. The variance-equal weights (VEW) and principal components approach (PCA) are used to subsume 22 stress indicators into a composite stress index. The VEW and PCA stress indexes were examined to determine monitoring and their forecasting capabilities. It was found that the VEW stress index performed better than the PCA stress index, because it provided more consistent estimates for the level of Australian financial stress. Although, both models show some promise, each model fell short of giving adequate forecasts in financial stress especially at the peak time of the 2007-2009 GFC. Thus, more research is needed to understand the complex nature of financial crisis, how crises develop and the techniques that can be used to predict the onset of financial crises.
  • Description: Doctor of Philosophy

Texture based vein biometrics for human identification : A comparative study

- Bashar, Khayrul, Murshed, Manzur

  • Authors: Bashar, Khayrul , Murshed, Manzur
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Conference proceedings
  • Relation: 42nd IEEE Computer Software and Applications Conference, COMPSAC 2018; Tokyo, Japan; 23rd-27th July 2018 Vol. 2, p. 571-576
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  • Description: Hand vein biometric is an important modality for human authentication and liveness detection in many applications. Reliable feature extraction is vital to any biometric system. Over the past years, two major categories of vein features, namely vein structures and vein image textures, were proposed for hand dorsal vein based biometric identification. Of them, texture features seem important as it can combine skin micro-textures along with vein properties. In this study, we have performed a comparative study to identify potential texture features and feature-classifier combination that produce efficient vein biometric systems. Seven texture features (HOG, GABOR, GLCM, SSF, DWT, WPT, and LBP) and three multiclass classifiers (LDA, ESVM, and KNN) were explored towards the supervised identification of human from vein images. An experiment with 400 infrared (IR) hand images from 40 adults indicates the superior performance of the histogram of oriented gradients (HOG) and simple local statistical feature (SSF) with LDA and ESVM classifiers in terms of average accuracy (> 90%), average Fscore (> 58%) and average specificity (>93%). The decision-level fusion of the LDA and ESVM classifier with single texture features showed improved performances (by 2.2 to 13.2% of average Fscore) over individual classifier for human identification with IR hand vein images.
  • Description: Proceedings - International Computer Software and Applications Conference

Neural malware detection

- Park, Sean

  • Authors: Park, Sean
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
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  • Description: At the heart of today’s malware problem lies theoretically infinite diversity created by metamorphism. The majority of conventional machine learning techniques tackle the problem with the assumptions that a sufficiently large number of training samples exist and that the training set is independent and identically distributed. However, the lack of semantic features combined with the models under these wrong assumptions result largely in overfitting with many false positives against real world samples, resulting in systems being left vulnerable to various adversarial attacks. A key observation is that modern malware authors write a script that automatically generates an arbitrarily large number of diverse samples that share similar characteristics in program logic, which is a very cost-effective way to evade detection with minimum effort. Given that many malware campaigns follow this paradigm of economic malware manufacturing model, the samples within a campaign are likely to share coherent semantic characteristics. This opens up a possibility of one-to-many detection. Therefore, it is crucial to capture this non-linear metamorphic pattern unique to the campaign in order to detect these seemingly diverse but identically rooted variants. To address these issues, this dissertation proposes novel deep learning models, including generative static malware outbreak detection model, generative dynamic malware detection model using spatio-temporal isomorphic dynamic features, and instruction cognitive malware detection. A comparative study on metamorphic threats is also conducted as part of the thesis. Generative adversarial autoencoder (AAE) over convolutional network with global average pooling is introduced as a fundamental deep learning framework for malware detection, which captures highly complex non-linear metamorphism through translation invariancy and local variation insensitivity. Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) used as a part of the framework enables oneshot training where semantically isomorphic malware campaigns are identified by a single malware instance sampled from the very initial outbreak. This is a major innovation because, to the best of our knowledge, no approach has been found to this challenging training objective against the malware distribution that consists of a large number of very sparse groups artificially driven by arms race between attackers and defenders. In addition, we propose a novel method that extracts instruction cognitive representation from uninterpreted raw binary executables, which can be used for oneto- many malware detection via one-shot training against frequency spectrum of the Transformer’s encoded latent representation. The method works regardless of the presence of diverse malware variations while remaining resilient to adversarial attacks that mostly use random perturbation against raw binaries. Comprehensive performance analyses including mathematical formulations and experimental evaluations are provided, with the proposed deep learning framework for malware detection exhibiting a superior performance over conventional machine learning methods. The methods proposed in this thesis are applicable to a variety of threat environments here artificially formed sparse distributions arise at the cyber battle fronts.
  • Description: Doctor of Philosophy

Germination ecology of Chloris truncata and its implication for weed management

- Chauhan, Bhagirath, Manalil, Sudheesh, Florentine, Singarayer, Jha, Prashant

  • Authors: Chauhan, Bhagirath , Manalil, Sudheesh , Florentine, Singarayer , Jha, Prashant
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: PLoS ONE Vol. 13, no. 7 (2018), p. 1-13
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  • Description: Chloris truncata is a significant weed in summer crops in the subtropical region of Australia. A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on germination and emergence of two populations of C. truncata. Overall, germination was not affected by the populations. Seeds germinated at a wide range of alternating day/night temperatures, suggesting that seeds can germinate throughout the spring, winter and autumn seasons. Seed germination was stimulated by the presence of light; however, 51 to 71% of these seeds still germinated in the dark. The sodium chloride concentration and osmotic potential required to inhibit germination of 50% of the population were 179 mM and -0.52 MPa, respectively. A high proportion of seeds germinated over a wide pH range (4 to 10). Seeds placed on the soil surface had greatest germination (67%) and a burial depth of 3 cm resulted in complete inhibition of emergence. The sorghum residue amount required to reduce emergence by 50% was 1.8 t ha-1. The results suggest that, although this weed will be favored in no-till systems, residue retention on the soil surface will help in reducing its infestation. Seed bank buildup can be managed by burying seeds below the depth of emergence. © 2018 Chauhan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

Green IT: Sustainability by aligning business requirements with IT resource utilization

- Subburaj, Srikanth

  • Authors: Subburaj, Srikanth
  • Date: 2012
  • Type: Text , Thesis , Masters
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  • Description: The term “green IT” is defined as “Optimal use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for managing the environment sustainability of enterprise operations throughout their life cycles.” Its objective is to create a positive impact on environment through net lowered emissions. The heart of green IT (Information Technology) is the concept of “Environmental Sustainability,” its initiatives are multifaceted to support enterprises “business as usual model,” in low-carbon economy. Many green IT initiatives have provided short–term financial benefits, based on which organizations are now focusing on increased energy efficiency. Since many of these approaches provide less financials benefits’ which are harder to implement but provides improved environmental performance. So the financial benefits and environmental performance should be the multiple objectives in the green IT study.
  • Description: Master of Computing (by Research)

Defining timeliness in care for patients with lung cancer : protocol for a scoping review

- Ansar, Adnan, Lewis, Virginia, McDonald, Christine, Liu, Chaojie, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz

  • Authors: Ansar, Adnan , Lewis, Virginia , McDonald, Christine , Liu, Chaojie , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: BMJ Open Vol. 10, no. 11 (2020), p. 1-7
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  • Description: Introduction Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide, and lung cancer is the single leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis of lung cancer is the key to better prognosis and longer survival. While there are substantial literature reporting delays in cancer diagnosis, there is a lack of consensus in the definitions and terms used to describe a € delay' in the treatment pathway. The aim of this scoping review is to identify and critically synthesise the operational definitions and terminologies used to describe the timely initiation of care and consequent treatments over the care pathway for patients with lung cancer. This scoping review will also compare how timeliness was operationalised in Western and Asian countries. Methods and analysis The scoping review will use the methodology described by Arksey and O'Malley and endorsed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO electronic databases will be searched. Grey literature sources and the reference lists of key studies will be used to identify additional relevant studies. The scoping review will include all studies, irrespective of study methodology and quality. Two reviewers will independently screen all titles and abstracts to identify eligible studies for inclusion. The full texts of identified studies will be further examined and charted using a data extraction form. A narrative synthesis will be performed to assess and categorise available definitions of timeliness. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval is not needed as this scoping review will be reviewing already published articles. The results produced from this review will be submitted to a scientific peer-reviewed journal for publication and will be presented at scientific meetings. ©

Teaching students using technology : Facilitating success for students from low socioeconomic status backgrounds in Australian universities

- Devlin, Marcia, McKay, Jade

  • Authors: Devlin, Marcia , McKay, Jade
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australasian Journal of Educational Technology Vol. 32, no. 1 (2016), p. 92-106
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  • Description: Australian higher education has adopted a widening participation agenda with a focus on the participation of disadvantaged students, particularly those from low socioeconomic status (LSES) backgrounds. As these students begin to enter university in greater number and proportion than ever before, there is increasing interest in how best to facilitate their success. A recent national study employed semi-structured interviews to ask 89 successful LSES students what had helped them succeed. Twenty-six staff experienced in effectively teaching and supporting LSES students were also interviewed about what approaches they used in their work. Analysis of the study's findings indicates a strong theme related to the use of technology in effectively teaching and supporting LSES students. In particular, the use of a range of resources and media, facilitating interactive and connected learning, enabling personalised learning and assuring high academic standards were found to contribute to student success. The implications of these findings are discussed with a specific focus on promoting effective teaching practice and informing related policy. At a time when the diversity of the student cohort in Australian higher education institutions is increasing, the findings reported in this paper are both timely and critical for educators and institutions. © 2016 Australasian Journal of Educational Technology.