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Effect of contamination and purity priming on attitudes to vaccination and other health interventions : a randomised controlled experiment

- Bryden, Gabrielle, Rockloff, Matthew, Browne, Matthew, Unsworth, Carolyn

  • Authors: Bryden, Gabrielle , Rockloff, Matthew , Browne, Matthew , Unsworth, Carolyn
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Vaccine Vol. 39, no. 45 (2021), p. 6653-6659
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  • Description: The objective of this experiment is to assess whether priming for contamination and purity causes a change in attitudes to health interventions, including vaccination, and complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs). An online priming experiment was conducted with four between-subject experimental conditions including photos of: 1) biological contamination, 2) chemical contamination, 3) pure environments, such as pristine landscapes, and 4) hazard signs/icons indicating physical threats. Two control conditions included photos of neutral scenes and neutral icons, whereby experimental groups were compared against the related control groups (photograph for conditions 1–3 and neutral icons for condition 4). Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the six conditions, and after exposure to the images they were asked to rate 10 conventional and alternative health interventions for effectiveness and safety, as well being assessed for disgust sensitivity using the reduced-item DPSS-R [10]. A total of 642 adults completed the experiment. Exposure to primes did not cause a differential change in ratings of health interventions. Nevertheless, higher levels of sensitivity to disgust were associated with lower ratings of the effectiveness of MMR vaccination, tetanus injection, antibiotics, and surgery; and higher levels of sensitivity to disgust were associated with higher ratings of effectiveness of vitamins/minerals. In conclusion, this online experiment did not find an experimental effect of priming for contamination and purity on subjects’ ratings of the safety and effectiveness of conventional and alternative health interventions. This indicates that attitudes to these health interventions are not influenced by a temporary increase in the salience of feelings of contamination or purity. However, individual differences in disgust sensitivity are related to their attitudes to vaccination and CAM interventions. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd

The health belief model predicts intention to receive the covid-19 vaccine in Saudi Arabia : results from a cross-sectional survey

- Mahmud, Ilias, Kabir, Russell, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Alradie-Mohamed, Angi, Vinnakota, Divya, Al-Mohaimeed, Abdulrahman

  • Authors: Mahmud, Ilias , Kabir, Russell , Rahman, Muhammad Aziz , Alradie-Mohamed, Angi , Vinnakota, Divya , Al-Mohaimeed, Abdulrahman
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Vaccines Vol. 9, no. 8 (2021), p.
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  • Description: We examined the intention and predictors of accepting the COVID-19 vaccine in Saudi Arabia. We conducted a nation-wide, cross-sectional online survey between February and March 2021. A total of 1387 people (≥18 years) participated. Only 27.3% adults had a definite and 30.2% had a probable vaccination intent; 26.8% and 15.6% had a probable and definite negative vaccination intent. Older people (≥50 years) (p < 0.01), healthcare workers/professionals (p < 0.001), and those who received flu vaccine (p < 0.001) were more likely to have a positive intent. People from Riyadh were less likely to receive the vaccine (p < 0.05). Among the health belief model constructs, perceived susceptibility to and severity of COVID-19 (p < 0.001), and perceived benefit of the vaccine (p < 0.001) were positively associated with vaccination intent, whereas perceived barriers had a negative association (p < 0.001). Individuals were more likely to receive the vaccine after obtaining complete information (p < 0.001) and when the vaccine uptake would be more common amongst the public (p < 0.001). © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).

The privilege paradox : geographic areas with highest socio-economic advantage have the lowest rates of vaccination

- Bryden, Gabrielle, Browne, Matthew, Rockloff, Matthew, Unsworth, Carolyn

  • Authors: Bryden, Gabrielle , Browne, Matthew , Rockloff, Matthew , Unsworth, Carolyn
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Vaccine Vol. 37, no. 32 (2019), p. 4525-4532
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  • Description: The present study is the first to examine associations between area-level socio-demographic factors and uptake of vaccination among 5-year old children throughout Australia. A public-health focused ecological methodology was used that combined postcode-level socio-demographic variables from the 2016 Census with postcode-level vaccination data. Analyses included one-way analysis of variance and assessment of linear trends for each socio-demographic variable across five categories of vaccination rate; ranging from lowest (≤90%) to highest (96.1–100%), as well as using vaccination rate as a continuous variable. Multiple regression analysis was also conducted using select indicators to predict vaccination rates in postcodes from major cities. The results of the univariate analyses showed that communities with lower rates of vaccination had relatively less disadvantage, and had relatively greater education and occupation status, as measured by SEIFA (ABS [4]). When we looked at the ASGS Remoteness Areas, we saw that the vaccination rates were lowest in postcodes from the major cities of Australia, and vaccination rates increased as communities became more remote. When the community is further refined to postcodes located in the major cities, and to the target group of parents/partners in a family with children aged 4–7, we found that postcodes with lower vaccination rates were characterised as having a relatively greater proportion of people with: a high education level (bachelor degree level or higher); having white-collar jobs as managers; having no religion, having people in the older age category (50–54); and conversely being unemployed. © 2019
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