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Screening, referral and treatment of depression by Australian cardiologists

- Hare, David, Stewart, Andrew, Driscoll, Andrea, Mathews, Stephanie, Toukhsati, Samia

  • Authors: Hare, David , Stewart, Andrew , Driscoll, Andrea , Mathews, Stephanie , Toukhsati, Samia
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Heart Lung and Circulation Vol. 29, no. 3 (2020), p. 401-404
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  • Description: Background: Depression is common in cardiovascular disease (CVD). Clinical practice guidelines recommend routine depression screening by cardiologists. The aim of the study was to undertake a national survey of Australian cardiologists’ clinical practice behaviours in relation to depression screening, referral, and treatment. Methods: The Cardiovascular Disease and Depression Questionnaire was sent to 827 eligible cardiologist members of Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand, of which a total of 524 were returned (63%). Results: Most Australian cardiologists do not routinely ask their patients about depression and only 3% routinely use depression screening instruments. Most cardiologists (>70%) think that General Practitioners (Primary Care Physicians) are primarily responsible for identifying and treating depression in CVD. Cardiologists, who understand the prognostic risks of depression in CVD and feel confident to identify and treat depression, were more likely to screen, refer and/or treat patients for depression. Conclusions: Australian cardiologists rarely use validated depression screening measures. Several brief instruments are available for use and can be easily integrated into routine patient care without taking additional consultation time. © 2019
  • Description: This work was supported by the Beyond Blue Victorian Centre of Excellence in Depression and Anxiety. Prof Andrea Driscoll was supported by a Heart Foundation Future Leader fellowship 100472 from the National Heart Foundation of Australia.

The experience of treatment via an internet-based cognitive behavioural self-help protocol for social anxiety disorder

- Hardwick, Damian

  • Authors: Hardwick, Damian
  • Date: 2008
  • Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
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  • Description: The aim of the present study was to gain an understanding of the experience of treatment via an Internet-based cognitive behavioural self-help protocol for social anxiety disorder. Participants were four adults, aged between 22-46 years, who fulfilled DSM-IV-TR crriteria for a diagnosis of social anxiety disorder.
  • Description: Doctor of Psychology (Clinical)

Integrated clinical pathway of transurethral resection of the prostate : Impact on clinical quality, cost and patient and staff satisfaction

- Khowaja, Khurshid

  • Authors: Khowaja, Khurshid
  • Date: 2004
  • Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
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  • Description: "The central focus of this study is an investigation into how the implementation of a clinical pathway for the surgical procedure of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) impacted on clinical quality, cost, and patient and staff satisfaction at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) in Pakistan"
  • Description: Doctor of Philosophy

Thermochemolysis of winery wastewater particulates-molecular structural implications for water reuse

- Mosse, Kim, Verheyen, Vincent, Cruickshank, Alicia, Patti, Antonio, Cavagnaro, Timothy

  • Authors: Mosse, Kim , Verheyen, Vincent , Cruickshank, Alicia , Patti, Antonio , Cavagnaro, Timothy
  • Date: 2012
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis Vol. 97, no. 164-170 (2012), p.
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  • Description: Environmental concerns have increased the interest in winery wastewater remediation and reuse. These practices require more detailed understanding of wastewater composition to ensure optimum usage, and to minimize the risk of long term soil degradation and grape contamination. Particulate organic matter is an important contributor to the carbon burden in winery wastewaters. This article investigates the molecular structure of particulates from the most common winery wastewater treatment processes via infrared spectroscopic and thermochemolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry techniques. Study of the organic composition of both influent and effluent particles enabled further insight into which compounds could prove problematic during treatment and on discharge. The yield and molecular structure of desorbed or “guest” compounds were found to strongly correlate with those produced during pyrolytic cracking. These “guest” compounds and macromolecular fragments form a continuum whose separation is based on molecular size. Polyphenolic and lignin derived compounds tended to survive the water treatment processes within assemblages of microbial detritus. No evidence was found for particles adsorbing and concentrating other unrelated organics such as anthropogenic chemicals from winery wastewaters. Any release of particulates will require careful management to prevent localized accumulation of recalcitrant compounds to toxic levels.

Stereotyping stigma: undergraduate health students' perceptions at handover

- Doyle, Kerrie, Cruickshank, Mary

  • Authors: Doyle, Kerrie , Cruickshank, Mary
  • Date: 2012
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: The Journal of nursing education Vol. 51, no. 5 (2012), p. 255-261
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  • Description: The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized that errors in communication are one of the leading causes of adverse patient outcomes. Consequently, the WHO developed the High 5s Project to review, among other variables, handover of patients between shifts, professionals, and organizations. Seven countries were involved in the initial project. Australia responded by using the ISOBAR (Identify, Situation, Observations, Background, Agreed plan, and Read-back) tool as a template. However, none of the countries involved considered the social and emotional effects of handover on the staff or patients, although research has demonstrated that attitudes and values can be handed over from one nurse to another during this process. This article shows how the nurse who hands over care from one shift to the next can transfer stigma and labeling and offers suggestions for nurse educators and clinicians to apply national standards and core values to clinical practice and education.

Structural behaviour of an Australian silty clay (Coode Island silt) stabilised by treatment with slag lime

- Falah, Mahroo, Ranjbar Pouya, Kaveh, Tolooiyan, Ali, Mackenzie, Kenneth

  • Authors: Falah, Mahroo , Ranjbar Pouya, Kaveh , Tolooiyan, Ali , Mackenzie, Kenneth
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Applied Clay Science Vol. 157, no. (2018), p. 198-203
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  • Description: A microstructural study of Coode Island Silt (CIS), a soft silty clay from the Melbourne area of Australia, stabilised with slag lime is reported. Slag lime is a blend of 80–85 wt% slag, 15 wt% hydrated lime, Ca(OH)2 and 3–8 wt% gypsum CaSO4.2H2O, and is typically used for soil stabilisation in roading applications. The morphologies of several homogeneous mixtures of slag lime and CIS were studied by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), which indicated the formation of the cementitious phases calcium carbonate, calcium silicate hydrate, calcium aluminium silicate hydrate, and calcium aluminium silicate carbonate. The progress of the CIS-slag lime reactions was also investigated by pH measurements. Slag lime was found to very actively promote pozzolanic reactions with CIS, shown by SEM to form crystalline reticular calcium silicate hydrate and other cementitious products. The most effective pozzolanic reactions occurred in a composite containing 12.5 wt% slag lime with CIS and contained the cement mineral ettringite, contributing to its high strength. These composites constitute a new class of materials with excellent potential for construction applications.

Pandemic Influenza at Oodnadatta, 1919 : Aspects of treatment and care in a multiracial community

- Bullen, Heatheranne

  • Authors: Bullen, Heatheranne
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Thesis , Masters
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  • Description: On 24 January 1919, a thirty-two-year-old nurse from Sydney, Jean Williamson, disembarked at the railway station at Oodnadatta in the far north of South Australia to commence her new role as sister in charge of the Australian Inland Mission (AIM) hostel. On 18 April that year, Williamson greeted thirty-four-year-old minister from Melbourne, Coledge Harland, who had arrived by train to take up a three-year post as padre for the AIM’s central Australian parish. Just over a month later, an influenza pandemic that had already killed untold numbers of people worldwide reached the isolated township. Drawing on primary documents, including an extensive collection of previously unseen photographs, letter and diaries from Harland and Williamson, this thesis examines the management and care of pandemic influenza at Oodnadatta from May to late July 1919. Intercultural aspects of the management and care of European, Afghan, Chinese and Aboriginal patients are examined in the context of the health and lifestyle of local residents, nursing practices, medicines, foods, accommodation and the contribution of individuals, groups and their roles. This intimate microhistory sheds light on a relatively unknown, yet important group of people in Australia’s frontier history: the missioners and others who cared for seriously ill Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal patients at Oodnadatta, provided culturally sensitive care that afforded respect, dignity and compassion to all. At the time, the gravity of the world wide situation and the sheer need to provide care saw individual efforts go unnoticed; however, in hindsight, it is possible to see and appreciate the significance of what they achieved under the most difficult of circumstances.
  • Description: Masters by Research

Tendon neuroplastic training : Changing the way we think about tendon rehabilitation : A narrative review

- Rio, Ebonie, Kidgell, Dawson, Lorimer Moseley, Graham, Gaida, Jamie, Docking, Sean, Purdam, Craig, Cook, Jill

  • Authors: Rio, Ebonie , Kidgell, Dawson , Lorimer Moseley, Graham , Gaida, Jamie , Docking, Sean , Purdam, Craig , Cook, Jill
  • Date: 2016
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: British Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 50, no. 4 (2016), p. 209-215
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  • Description: Tendinopathy can be resistant to treatment and often recurs, implying that current treatment approaches are suboptimal. Rehabilitation programmes that have been successful in terms of pain reduction and return to sport outcomes usually include strength training. Muscle activation can induce analgesia, improving self-efficacy associated with reducing one's own pain. Furthermore, strength training is beneficial for tendon matrix structure, muscle properties and limb biomechanics. However, current tendon rehabilitation may not adequately address the corticospinal control of the muscle, which may result in altered control of muscle recruitment and the consequent tendon load, and this may contribute to recalcitrance or symptom recurrence. Outcomes of interest include the effect of strength training on tendon pain, corticospinal excitability and short interval cortical inhibition. The aims of this concept paper are to: (1) review what is known about changes to the primary motor cortex and motor control in tendinopathy, (2) identify the parameters shown to induce neuroplasticity in strength training and (3) align these principles with tendon rehabilitation loading protocols to introduce a combination approach termed as tendon neuroplastic training. Strength training is a powerful modulator of the central nervous system. In particular, corticospinal inputs are essential for motor unit recruitment and activation; however, specific strength training parameters are important for neuroplasticity. Strength training that is externally paced and akin to a skilled movement task has been shown to not only reduce tendon pain, but modulate excitatory and inhibitory control of the muscle and therefore, potentially tendon load. An improved understanding of the methods that maximise the opportunity for neuroplasticity may be an important progression in how we prescribe exercise-based rehabilitation in tendinopathy for pain modulation and potentially restoration of the corticospinal control of the muscle-tendon complex.

The future is here : A review of foresight systems in anxiety and depression

- Miloyan, Beyon, Pachana, Nancy, Suddendorf, Thomas

  • Authors: Miloyan, Beyon , Pachana, Nancy , Suddendorf, Thomas
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Cognition and Emotion Vol. 28, no. 5 (2014), p. 795-810
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  • Description: Cognitive models of anxiety and depression have long suggested a central role for future-oriented thinking in these disorders. Experimental studies suggest that anxiety and depression are characterised by distinct future-oriented thinking profiles, and that these profiles are markedly different from those of asymptomatic adults. In this paper, we review these profiles and propose two explanatory models marked by two different neurocognitive systems. The Reconstructive Memory Model emphasises a role for emotionally driven learning and retrieval in episodic foresight (i.e., the construction of future-oriented scenarios), and the Valuation Model proposes that an overweighing of risk and uncertainty estimates can be invoked to explain the future-oriented thought patterns. We consider the effectiveness of interventions aimed at altering such thought patterns. We suggest that future research aimed at elucidating the neurobiological underpinnings of future-oriented thinking in anxiety and depression can play an important role in advancing development of effective biological and psychosocial interventions for these disorders.

Singing the blues : a literature review of the effects of music on postnatal depression

- Terry, Melissa, Terry, Daniel

  • Authors: Terry, Melissa , Terry, Daniel
  • Date: 2012
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Innovative Interdisciplinary Research Vol. , no. 3 (2012), p.
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  • Description: Postnatal depression, also known as postpartum depression, is not a new condition, but has been well documented for decades, as have the treatments. The most common treatments for postnatal depression include pharmacological, psychological, psychosocial, relaxation and other holistic methods and may be used individually or in various combinations. Recently, the western world has come to acknowledge and use more traditional or complementary and alternative styles of therapy. These specifically include massage, meditation and yoga, and music therapy. Music has become more popular as more research defines its power over the body, both physically and mentally. It is anticipated with the right information any woman, no matter her location, could use this powerful tool to alleviate the symptoms of postnatal depression. This would also save further distress of separation from family and other support networks as well as reduce financial burdens when seeking care. A literature review was conducted to determine if this relatively new intervention in western society has been used and to determine what the outcomes have been. Currently, no research has been conducted which relates to the use of music as an intervention for women with postnatal depression, particularly those in rural areas.

May measurement month 2018 : A pragmatic global screening campaign to raise awareness of blood pressure by the international society of hypertension

- Beaney, Thomas, Burrell, Louise, Castillo, Rafael, Charchar, Fadi, Cro, Suzie, Damasceno, Albertino, Kruger, Ruan, Nilsson, Peter, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Ramirez, Agustin, Schlaich, Markus, Schutte, Aletta, Tomaszewski, Maciej, Touyz, Rhian, Wang, Ji-Guang, Weber, Michael, Poulter, Neil

  • Authors: Beaney, Thomas , Burrell, Louise , Castillo, Rafael , Charchar, Fadi , Cro, Suzie , Damasceno, Albertino , Kruger, Ruan , Nilsson, Peter , Prabhakaran, Dorairaj , Ramirez, Agustin , Schlaich, Markus , Schutte, Aletta , Tomaszewski, Maciej , Touyz, Rhian , Wang, Ji-Guang , Weber, Michael , Poulter, Neil
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: European Heart Journal Vol. 40, no. 25 (2019), p. 2006-2017
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  • Description: Aims: Raised blood pressure (BP) is the biggest contributor to mortality and disease burden worldwide and fewer than half of those with hypertension are aware of it. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global campaign set up in 2017, to raise awareness of high BP and as a pragmatic solution to a lack of formal screening worldwide. The 2018 campaign was expanded, aiming to include more participants and countries. Methods and results: Eighty-nine countries participated in MMM 2018. Volunteers (≥18 years) were recruited through opportunistic sampling at a variety of screening sites. Each participant had three BP measurements and completed a questionnaire on demographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medication. In total, 74.9% of screenees provided three BP readings. Multiple imputation using chained equations was used to impute missing readings. 1 504 963 individuals (mean age 45.3 years; 52.4% female) were screened. After multiple imputation, 502 079 (33.4%) individuals had hypertension, of whom 59.5% were aware of their diagnosis and 55.3% were taking antihypertensive medication. Of those on medication, 60.0% were controlled and of all hypertensives, 33.2% were controlled. We detected 224 285 individuals with untreated hypertension and 111 214 individuals with inadequately treated (systolic BP ≥ 140mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg) hypertension. Conclusion: May Measurement Month expanded significantly compared with 2017, including more participants in more countries. The campaign identified over 335 000 adults with untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. In the absence of systematic screening programmes, MMM was effective at raising awareness at least among these individuals at risk.

Ovarian cancer, cancer stem cells and current treatment strategies : a potential role of magmas in the current treatment methods

- Ahmed, Nuzhat, Kadife, Elif, Raza, Ali, Short, Mary, Jubinsky, Paul, Kannourakis, George

  • Authors: Ahmed, Nuzhat , Kadife, Elif , Raza, Ali , Short, Mary , Jubinsky, Paul , Kannourakis, George
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article , Review
  • Relation: Cells Vol. 9, no. 3 (Mar 2020), p. 35
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  • Description: Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) constitutes 90% of ovarian cancers (OC) and is the eighth most common cause of cancer-related death in women. The cancer histologically and genetically is very complex having a high degree of tumour heterogeneity. The pathogenic variability in OC causes significant impediments in effectively treating patients, resulting in a dismal prognosis. Disease progression is predominantly influenced by the peritoneal tumour microenvironment rather than properties of the tumor and is the major contributor to prognosis. Standard treatment of OC patients consists of debulking surgery, followed by chemotherapy, which in most cases end in recurrent chemoresistant disease. This review discusses the different origins of high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), the major sub-type of EOC. Tumour heterogeneity, genetic/epigenetic changes, and cancer stem cells (CSC) in facilitating HGSOC progression and their contribution in the circumvention of therapy treatments are included. Several new treatment strategies are discussed including our preliminary proof of concept study describing the role of mitochondria-associated granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor signaling protein (Magmas) in HGSOC and its unique potential role in chemotherapy-resistant disease.

May measurement month 2019 the global blood pressure screening campaign of the International Society of Hypertension

- Beaney, Thomas, Schutte, Aletta, Stergiou, George, Borghi, Claudio, Burger, Dylan, Charchar, Fadi, Cro, Suzie, Diaz, Alejandro, Damasceno, Albertino, Espeche, Walter, Jose, Arun, Khan, Nadia, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Maheshwari, Anuj, Marin, Marcos, More, Arun, Neupane, Dinesh, Nilsson, Peter, Patil, Mansi, Prabhakaran, Dorairaj, Ramirez, Agustin, Rodriguez, Pablo, Schlaich, Markus, Steckelings, Ulrike, Tomaszewski, Maciej, Unger, Thomas, Wainford, Richard, Wang, Jiguang, Williams, Bryan, Poulter, Neil, M. M. M. Investigators

Assessment of clogging phenomena in granular filter media used for stormwater treatment

- Kandra, Harpreet, McCarthy, David, Fletcher, Tim, Deletic, Ana

  • Authors: Kandra, Harpreet , McCarthy, David , Fletcher, Tim , Deletic, Ana
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Hydrology Vol. 512, no. (2014), p. 518-527
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  • Description: Hydraulic performance of granular filter media and its evolution over time is a key design parameter for stormwater filtration and infiltration systems that are now widely used in management of polluted urban runoff. In fact, clogging of filter media is recognised as the main limiting factor of these stormwater treatment systems. This paper focuses on the effect of physical characteristics of filter media and flow-through rates on the clogging of stormwater filters. Five replicate experimental columns were constructed using zeolite, scoria, riversand and polymeric glass beads, and different flow-through rates were achieved using restricted outlets. The systems were dosed with semi-synthetic stormwater and the evolution of hydraulic performance and sediment removal rate was observed (for four filter media and across four flow rates) to investigate impacts of media type and flow rate. It was found that shape and smoothness of filter media grains had limited effect on clogging and sediment removal rate. All media except scoria clogged after similar volumes of stormwater but scoria-based filters were found to be highly variable in performance, most likely due to breakdown of its particles. Conversely, flow-through rate significantly affected clogging and sediment removal rate. For instance, in the case of zeolite filters, the systems with the lowest flow rate clogged after application of over 30. m of stormwater, while the unrestricted zeolite columns (with 200 times the flow rate) clogged after only 10. m of applied stormwater. At the same time, the zeolite filters with the lowest flow rate had an overall treatment efficiency of 88% compared with the unrestricted design's efficiency of 59%. Further work is needed to analyse the influence of filter bed design, stormwater inflow characteristics and drying and wetting regimes on clogging and to understand the location of the clogged material in these filters. © 2014 Elsevier B.V.

E-mental health interventions for the treatment and prevention of eating disorders : an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

- Linardon, Jake, Shatte, Adrian, Messer, Mariel, Firth, Joseph, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew

  • Authors: Linardon, Jake , Shatte, Adrian , Messer, Mariel , Firth, Joseph , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology Vol. 88, no. 11 (2020), p. 994-1007
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  • Description: Objectives: E-mental health (digital) interventions can help overcome existing barriers that stand in the way of people receiving help for an eating disorder (ED). Although e-mental health interventions for treating and preventing EDs have been met with enthusiasm, earlier reviews brought attention to poor quality of evidence, and offered solutions to enhance their evidence base. To assess developments in the field, we conducted an updated meta-analysis on the efficacy of e-mental health interventions for treating and preventing EDs, paying attention to whether trial quality and outcomes have improved in recent trials. We also assessed whether user-centered design principles have been implemented in existing digital interventions. Method: Four databases were searched for RCTs of digital interventions for treating and preventing EDs. Thirty-six RCTs (28 prevention- and 8 treatment-focused) were included. Results: Some evidence that study quality improved in recent prevention-focused trials was found. Few trials involved the end-user in the design or development stage of the intervention. Issues with intervention engagement were noted, and 1 in 4 participants dropped out from prevention- and treatment-focused trials. Digital interventions were more effective than control conditions in reducing established risk factors and symptoms in prevention- (g’s = 0.19 to 0.43) and treatment-focused trials (g’s = 0.29 to 0.69), respectively. Effect sizes have not increased in recent trials. Few trials compared a digital intervention with a face-to-face intervention. Whether digital interventions can prevent ED onset is unclear. Conclusion: Digital interventions are a promising approach to ED treatment and prevention, but improvements are still needed. Three key recommendations are provided. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)What is the public health significance of this article?: E-mental health interventions show promise in addressing eating disorder symptoms and risk factors. However, issues with study quality, drop-out, and engagement are noted, and researchers are encouraged to involve the end-user in all stages of the intervention development and implementation to optimize outcomes. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved) © 2020 American Psychological Association

A survey study of attitudes toward, and preferences for, e-therapy interventions for eating disorder psychopathology

- Linardon, Jake, Shatte, Adrian, Tepper, Hannah, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew

  • Authors: Linardon, Jake , Shatte, Adrian , Tepper, Hannah , Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Matthew
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Eating Disorders Vol. 53, no. 6 (2020), p. 907-916
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  • Description: Objective: E-therapy shows promise as a solution to the barriers that stand in the way of people receiving eating disorder (ED) treatment. Despite the potential for e-therapy to reduce the well-known treatment gap, little is known about public views and perspectives on this mode of intervention delivery. This study explored attitudes toward, and preferences for, e-therapy among individuals spanning the spectrum of eating pathology. Method: Survey data assessing e-therapy attitudes and preferences were analyzed from 713 participants recruited from the public. Participants were categorized into one of five subgroups based on the type of self-reported ED symptoms and severity/risk level, ranging from high risk to a probable threshold or subthreshold ED. Results: Attitudes toward e-therapies appeared to be relatively positive; participants largely supported health care insurance coverage of costs for e-therapies, and were optimistic about the wide-ranging benefits of e-therapy. Although three-quarters of participants expressed a preference for face-to-face therapy, a significant percentage of participants (
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