List of Titles

Influence of slope height and inclination on the distribution of reinforcement loads within reinforced soil slopes

- Zhang, Wan, Chen, Jianfeng, Xue, Jianfeng

Authors: Zhang, Wan , Chen, Jianfeng , Xue, Jianfeng
Date: 2016
Type: Text , Conference proceedings
Relation: First International Conference on Transportation Infrastructure and Materials (ICTIM 2016); Xi'An, China; 16th-18th July 2016; published in Advances of Transportation: Infrastructure and Materials Vol. 2, p. 774-781
Full Text: false
Reviewed:
Description: Current design methods propose that reinforcement loads distribution within reinforced soil slope is affected by slope height instead of slope inclination, which is not supported by the results of field and laboratorial tests. This paper addresses the influence of slope height and inclination on the distribution of reinforcement loads within reinforced soil slopes. Based on centrifuge model test results, finite element numerical models of reinforced soil slopes with different slope heights and inclinations were established. Maximum reinforcement load in each layer was calculated when the factor of safety of each model was 1.3. The influence of slope height and inclination on the distribution of reinforcement loads was analyzed by normalizing reinforcement loads and slope heights. The results show that the computed location and shape of failure surface and factor of safety at slope failure are in agreement with the experimental results. The distribution of reinforcement loads is little influenced by slope height, whereas greatly influenced by slope inclination. With the increase of slope inclination, the location of maximum reinforcement load transfers from the mid height to the bottom of slopes.

Virtual online teaching in transport law

Authors: Michael, Spisto , Christine, Lee
Date: 2018
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Victoria University Law and Justice Journal Vol. 8, no. 1 (2018), p. 33-43
Full Text:
Reviewed:
Description: The virtual classroom is a new and modern structure used now in university teaching around the world. By using the virtual classroom in Transport Law, it was soon discovered that once one overcomes the technical issues, the virtual classroom provides university tuition to students in very advantageous ways like no other traditional face-to-face class can. The virtual classroom, with its numerous functionalities, provides a level of student class participation, which is unprecedented in face-to-face classes. It also allows a greater opportunity for student attendance, as students simply have to be in front of their computer or any hand-held device, which is capable of audio-visual linkups. It is also very appealing to students, as it saves them time and money with public transport and/or parking. A much improved classroom attendance record as compared to face-to-face classes has also been noticed. The students' levels of understanding of the subject matter have also vastly improved through the mechanisms employed in virtual classroom teaching. As technology improves on a daily basis, the virtual classroom will become more and more popular as students rely on online teaching. Universities also need to understand that technology is here to stay and this means that they need to place more and more emphasis on online virtual classroom teaching eventually, it is submitted that if some of the universities do not highlight the importance of online teaching and virtual classrooms, students will simply shop elsewhere until they find a place of teaching that supports the online virtual classroom structure in the courses they wish to undertake.

An exposure based study of crash and injury rates in a cohort of transport and recreational cyclists in New South Wales, Australia

- Poulos, Roslyn, Hatfield, Julie, Rissel, Chris, Flack, Lloyd, Murphy, Susanne, Grzebieta, Raphael, McIntosh, Andrew

Authors: Poulos, Roslyn , Hatfield, Julie , Rissel, Chris , Flack, Lloyd , Murphy, Susanne , Grzebieta, Raphael , McIntosh, Andrew
Date: 2015
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Accident Analysis and Prevention Vol. 78, no. (2015), p. 29-38
Full Text: false
Reviewed:
Description: This paper examines self-reported prospectively collected data from 2038 adult transport and recreational cyclists from New South Wales (Australia) to determine exposure-based incident crash and injury rates. During 25,971 days of cycling, 198 crashes were reported, comprising approximately equal numbers of falls and collisions. The overall crash rate was 0.290 (95% CI, 0.264-0.319) per 1000 km or 6.06 (95% CI, 5.52-6.65) per 1000 h of travel. The rate of crashes causing any injury (self-treated, or medically attended without overnight hospital stay) was 0.148 (95% CI, 0.133-0.164) per 1000 km or 3.09 (95% CI, 2.79-3.43) per 1000 h of travel. The rate of crashes causing a medically attended injury (without overnight hospital stay) was 0.023 (95% CI, 0.020-0.027) per 1000 km or 0.49 (95% CI, 0.43-0.56) per 1000 h of travel. No injuries requiring an overnight stay in hospital were reported on days meeting the inclusion criteria. After adjustment for exposure in hours, or for the risks associated with different infrastructure utilisation, the rates of crashes and medically attended injuries were found to be greater for females than males, less experienced than more experienced cyclists, and for those who rode mainly for transport rather than mainly for recreation. Comparison of estimated crash and injury rates on different infrastructure types were limited by the small number of events, however findings suggest that the separation of cyclists from motorised traffic is by itself not sufficient to ensure safe cycling. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.

Characteristics, cycling patterns, and crash and injury experiences at baseline of a cohort of transport and recreational cyclists in New South Wales, Australia

- Poulos, Roslyn, Hatfield, Julie, Rissel, Chris, Flack, Lloyd, Murphy, Susanne, Grzebieta, Raphael, McIntosh, Andrew

Authors: Poulos, Roslyn , Hatfield, Julie , Rissel, Chris , Flack, Lloyd , Murphy, Susanne , Grzebieta, Raphael , McIntosh, Andrew
Date: 2015
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Accident Analysis and Prevention Vol. 78, no. (2015), p. 155-164
Full Text: false
Reviewed:
Description: This paper examines self-reported retrospective data for a 12 month period from 2038 adult cyclists from New South Wales (Australia), and compares cyclists according to whether they self-identify as riding mainly for transport or mainly for recreation. Statistically significant differences were found in the demographic characteristics, cycling patterns, and crash experiences between these two groups of cyclists. Transport cyclists tended to be younger, travel more days per week, and within morning and evening peak hours than recreational cyclists; recreational cyclists were more likely to identify fitness as a purpose for cycling. The proportion of cyclists experiencing a crash or crash-related injury in the previous 12 months was similar for transport and recreational cyclists, but there were differences in crash types and location which likely reflect different cycling environments. Heterogeneity within transport and recreational cyclists was also found, based on self-reported riding intensity. An understanding of the different cycling patterns and experiences of various types of cyclists is useful to inform road safety, transport and health promotion policy. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Quick View

A survey dataset to evaluate the changes in mobility and transportation due to COVID-19 travel restrictions in Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Norway, South Africa, United States

- Barbieri, Diego, Lou, Baowen, Passavanti, Marco, Hui, Cang, Lam, Louisa

Authors: Barbieri, Diego , Lou, Baowen , Passavanti, Marco , Hui, Cang , Lam, Louisa
Date: 2020
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Data in Brief Vol. 33, no. (2020), p.
Full Text:
Reviewed:
Description: COVID-19 pandemic has heavily impacted the global community. To curb the viral transmission, travel restrictions have been enforced across the world. The dataset documents the mobility disruptions and the modal shifts that have occurred as a consequence of the restrictive measures implemented in ten countries: Australia, Brazil, China, Ghana, India, Iran, Italy, Norway, South Africa and the United States. An online questionnaire was distributed during the period from the 11st to the 31st of May 2020, with a total of 9 394 respondents. The first part of the survey has characterized the frequency of use of all transport modes before and during the enforcement of the restrictions, while the second part of the survey has dealt with perceived risks of contracting COVID-19 from different transport modes and perceived effectiveness of travel mitigation measures. Overall, the dataset (stored in a repository publicly available) can be conveniently used to quantify and understand the modal shifts and people's cognitive behavior towards travel due to COVID-19. The collected responses can be further analysed by considering other demographic and socioeconomic covariates. © 2020 The Author(s). *Please note that there are multiple authors for this article therefore only the name of the first 5 including Federation University Australia affiliate “Louisa Lam” is provided in this record*

Quick View

IoT-based emergency vehicle services in intelligent transportation system

- Chowdhury, Abdullahi, Kaisar, Shahriar, Khoda, Mahbub, Naha, Ranesh, Khoshkholghi, Mohammad, Aiash, Mahdi

Authors: Chowdhury, Abdullahi , Kaisar, Shahriar , Khoda, Mahbub , Naha, Ranesh , Khoshkholghi, Mohammad , Aiash, Mahdi
Date: 2023
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Sensors Vol. 23, no. 11 (2023), p. 5324
Full Text:
Reviewed:
Description: Emergency Management System (EMS) is an important component of Intelligent transportation systems, and its primary objective is to send Emergency Vehicles (EVs) to the location of a reported incident. However, the increasing traffic in urban areas, especially during peak hours, results in the delayed arrival of EVs in many cases, which ultimately leads to higher fatality rates, increased property damage, and higher road congestion. Existing literature addressed this issue by giving higher priority to EVs while traveling to an incident place by changing traffic signals (e.g., making the signals green) on their travel path. A few works have also attempted to find the best route for an EV using traffic information (e.g., number of vehicles, flow rate, and clearance time) at the beginning of the journey. However, these works did not consider congestion or disruption faced by other non-emergency vehicles adjacent to the EV travel path. The selected travel paths are also static and do not consider changing traffic parameters while EVs are en route. To address these issues, this article proposes an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) guided priority-based incident management system to assist EVs in obtaining a better clearance time in intersections and thus achieve a lower response time. The proposed model also considers disruption faced by other surrounding non-emergency vehicles adjacent to the EVs' travel path and selects an optimal solution by controlling the traffic signal phase time to ensure that EVs can reach the incident place on time while causing minimal disruption to other on-road vehicles. Simulation results indicate that the proposed model achieves an 8% lower response time for EVs while the clearance time surrounding the incident place is improved by 12%.

Extracting road centrelines from binary road images by optimizing geodesic lines

- Zhou, Shaoguang, Lu, Guojun, Teng, Shyh, Zhang, Dengsheng

Authors: Zhou, Shaoguang , Lu, Guojun , Teng, Shyh , Zhang, Dengsheng
Date: 2016
Type: Text , Conference proceedings , Conference paper
Relation: 2015 International Conference on Image and Vision Computing New Zealand, IVCNZ 2015; Auckland, New Zealand; 23rd-24th November 2015 Vol. 2016-November, p. 1-6
Full Text: false
Reviewed:
Description: Binary road images can be obtained from remotely sensed images with the aid of classification and segmentation techniques. Extracting road centrelines from these binary images are crucial to update a Geographic Information System (GIS) database. A current state of art method of centreline extraction needs to remove road junctions and depends on the accuracy of the endpoints, leading to three main limitations: (1) causing small gaps in the roads, (2) wrongly treating short non-road segments as roads, and (3) producing centrelines of low accuracy around the road end regions. To overcome these limitations, we propose to use an iteratively searching scheme to obtain the longest geodesic line in the preprocessed road skeleton images. Several image pixels at each end of the geodesic lines were removed to avoid noise, and the remaining parts were optimized using a dynamic programming snake model. The proposed method is applied to three types of binary road images and compared with the state of art method. It shows that the proposed method is less affected by the end regions of the roads, and is effective in filling the gaps in the roads. It also has an advantage on processing short non-road segments. © 2015 IEEE.
Description: International Conference Image and Vision Computing New Zealand

New algorithms for navigating a gantry tractor comprising a 'chorus line' of synchronized modules

- Percy, Andrew, Spark, Ian, Ibrahim, Yousef

Authors: Percy, Andrew , Spark, Ian , Ibrahim, Yousef
Date: 2011
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics Vol. 58, no. 2 (2011), p. 398-402
Full Text: false
Reviewed:
Description: This paper presents two new algorithms for real-time calculation of the wheel angles and speeds of gantry tractor modules. In transport mode, the gantry tractor is, in a sense, a snakelike robot with passive joints and active wheels, with each module having autonomous four-wheel drive and four-wheel steering. The algorithms determine the wheel angles and speeds of each module with the prescription that the four wheels will have the same center of curvature, wheel speeds provide cooperative redundancy, and all hitching points follow the same path, thereby eliminating scuffing and minimizing off-tracking. Details of the analytical algorithm for a predetermined path were presented at the 2009 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology, together with a simulation for a single module. In this paper, we also present the results of a newly developed numerical algorithm which enables the gantry tractor to be steered online by an operator. We also show, by simulation, that this new numerical algorithm gives a good approximation to analytical solutions. The numerical algorithm is then used to calculate wheel angles and speeds for a three-module tractor with the results depicted graphically as functions of time.

Views of American and Australian mobility device users and ambulant bus users regarding occupant restraint systems on public buses

- Unsworth, Carolyn, Baker, Anne, Brito, Sara, Das Neves, B., Dickson, Natalie, Gohil, Apeksha, Kahandawa, Gayan, Naweed, Anjum, Timmer, Amanda

Authors: Unsworth, Carolyn , Baker, Anne , Brito, Sara , Das Neves, B. , Dickson, Natalie , Gohil, Apeksha , Kahandawa, Gayan , Naweed, Anjum , Timmer, Amanda
Date: 2022
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Journal of Transport and Health Vol. 25, no. (2022), p.
Full Text: false
Reviewed:
Description: Introduction: With an ageing population, increasing numbers of people are using mobility devices, such as wheelchairs or scooters, whilst travelling on public route buses. The regulations and availability of active (wheelchair tie down and occupant restraint systems or WTORS) and passive (rearward facing) mobility device restraint systems on buses varies between countries. To date few studies have investigated passenger feedback on the use of restraint systems. This study aimed to gather feedback about WTORS on buses from passengers where these are in use (United States) and not in routine use (Australia) to guide decisions on their introduction. Methods: A prospective study using a purpose-designed electronic survey. Participants, predominantly recruited by Qualtrics, comprised two groups; mobility device and ambulant bus users in two countries; Australia and the United States (US). Results: The 448 participants rated the top two most important factors when deciding if buses should have WTORS as safety and comfort. Ninety-two percent of respondents believed people using mobility devices should use a WTORS which was rated 7.66/10 (SD1.97) as effective to prevent injuries to self or others. Only a minority of participants (13.2%) had ever slid or fallen from their mobility device, or seen a person slide or fall (13.6%) while on a bus with no differences between countries despite WTORS not being in use in Australia. Respondents reported it was OK to delay a journey an average of 5.52 (SD 2.89) minutes to secure/release a restraint system, which compares favourably to literature-reported real time of one to 4 min. Conclusions: Although WTORS were widely perceived by participants as important for safety, questions concerning their effectiveness to prevent slide or tip remain. Prior to the introduction of any securement system in Australia, the effectiveness of passive occupant containment systems to prevent slide or tip also warrants investigation. © 2022

Quick View

A systematic review of effective interventions and strategies to support the transition of older adults from driving to driving retirement/cessation

- Dickerson, Anne, Stapleton, Tadhg, Bloss, Jamie, Géinas, Isabelle, Harries, Priscilla, Choi, Moon, Margot-Cattin, Isabel, Mazer, Barbara, Patomella, Anne-Helen, Swanepoel, Lizette, Van Niekerk, Lana, Unsworth, Carolyn, Vrkljan, Brenda

Authors: Dickerson, Anne , Stapleton, Tadhg , Bloss, Jamie , Géinas, Isabelle , Harries, Priscilla , Choi, Moon , Margot-Cattin, Isabel , Mazer, Barbara , Patomella, Anne-Helen , Swanepoel, Lizette , Van Niekerk, Lana , Unsworth, Carolyn , Vrkljan, Brenda
Date: 2024
Type: Text , Journal article , Review
Relation: Innovation in Aging Vol. 8, no. 6 (2024), p.
Full Text:
Reviewed:
Description: Background and Objectives: In most western countries, older adults depend on private cars for transportation and do not proactively plan for driving cessation. The objective of this review was to examine current research studies outlining effective interventions and strategies to assist older adults during their transition from driver to driving retirement or cessation. Research Design and Methods: A search was completed across 9 databases using key words and MeSH terms for drivers, cessation of driving, and older adult drivers. Eligibility screening of 9,807 titles and abstracts, followed by a detailed screening of 206 papers, was completed using the Covidence platform. Twelve papers were selected for full-text screen and data extraction, comprising 3 papers with evidence-based intervention programs and 9 papers with evidence-informed strategies. Results: Three papers met the research criteria of a controlled study for programs that support and facilitate driving cessation for older adults. Nine additional studies were exploratory or descriptive, which outlined strategies that could support older drivers, their families, and/or healthcare professionals during this transition. Driving retirement programs/toolkits are also presented. Discussion and Implications: The driver retirement programs had promising results, but there were methodological weaknesses within the studies. Strategies extracted contributed to 6 themes: Reluctance and avoidance of the topic, multiple stakeholder involvement is important, taking proactive approach is critical, refocus the process away from assessment to proactive planning, collaborative approach to enable “ownership” of the decision is needed, and engage in planning alternative transportation should be the end result. Meeting the transportation needs of older adults will be essential to support aging in place, out-of-home mobility, and participation, particularly in developed countries where there is such a high dependency on private motor vehicles. © The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America.

Showing items 1 - 10 of 10