Enculturated beliefs: A grounded theory inquiry into club rugby coaching in Australia, South Africa and New Zealand
- Authors: Hassanin, Remy
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
- Full Text:
- Description: Due to the enduring positivist assumptions underpinning them, coach education programs typically have overlooked the importance of experience as a powerful influence for developing as a sports coach Despite growing recognition of the links between past experience and current coaching pedagogy, little empirical research has focused precisely on how lived experience influences coaching beliefs or practices. Using a constructivist grounded theory methodology, this study investigated the influence of culture on coaching beliefs and how these manifest in the discourse of coaching in a site-specific context. It further examined how beliefs of coaching develop from the experience of playing and coaching in three different countries. Interviews, completed with coaches in the highest levels of club competition m Australia, South Africa and New Zealand, provided the primary data source. Findings demonstrated that beliefs about coaching are profoundly shaped by participation in the practices of rugby as players, and then coaches, in local cultures. The results identified unique differences across the sites of study. These differences were intimately linked with the cultural context within which each coach learned to play and coach Briefly, the Australian coaches valued decision-making and had strong views of rugby as entertainment; the South African coaches prioritised respect and authority; and the New Zealand coaches cherished humility and sense of belonging. . Despite the unique characteristics of each of the coach's beliefs, the notion of rugby as a vehicle for developing character, and teaching moral lessons rooted in the nineteenth century schools of the rising English middle classes, formed a powerful influence across all sites. The coaches' local ised bel iefs interacted with, and were shaped by, the remarkbly resilient global discourse of the " amateur ideal" and it's associated values. Its influence was, however, distinct at each site. The findings indicate that coaches' beliefs adapted to, and were moulded by, local cultural contexts and a broader national ethos resulting in discrete differences in each context on coaches' development of beliefs about coaching , while highlighting the complex and dynamic ways in which local and global cultures interact. As a result of thes interaction, unique conditions are created , manifesting in indvidua; discourse and beliefs about rugby coaching.
- Description: Doctor of Philosophy
- Authors: Hassanin, Remy
- Date: 2015
- Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
- Full Text:
- Description: Due to the enduring positivist assumptions underpinning them, coach education programs typically have overlooked the importance of experience as a powerful influence for developing as a sports coach Despite growing recognition of the links between past experience and current coaching pedagogy, little empirical research has focused precisely on how lived experience influences coaching beliefs or practices. Using a constructivist grounded theory methodology, this study investigated the influence of culture on coaching beliefs and how these manifest in the discourse of coaching in a site-specific context. It further examined how beliefs of coaching develop from the experience of playing and coaching in three different countries. Interviews, completed with coaches in the highest levels of club competition m Australia, South Africa and New Zealand, provided the primary data source. Findings demonstrated that beliefs about coaching are profoundly shaped by participation in the practices of rugby as players, and then coaches, in local cultures. The results identified unique differences across the sites of study. These differences were intimately linked with the cultural context within which each coach learned to play and coach Briefly, the Australian coaches valued decision-making and had strong views of rugby as entertainment; the South African coaches prioritised respect and authority; and the New Zealand coaches cherished humility and sense of belonging. . Despite the unique characteristics of each of the coach's beliefs, the notion of rugby as a vehicle for developing character, and teaching moral lessons rooted in the nineteenth century schools of the rising English middle classes, formed a powerful influence across all sites. The coaches' local ised bel iefs interacted with, and were shaped by, the remarkbly resilient global discourse of the " amateur ideal" and it's associated values. Its influence was, however, distinct at each site. The findings indicate that coaches' beliefs adapted to, and were moulded by, local cultural contexts and a broader national ethos resulting in discrete differences in each context on coaches' development of beliefs about coaching , while highlighting the complex and dynamic ways in which local and global cultures interact. As a result of thes interaction, unique conditions are created , manifesting in indvidua; discourse and beliefs about rugby coaching.
- Description: Doctor of Philosophy
The efficacy of an iterative “sequence of prevention” approach to injury prevention by a multidisciplinary team in professional rugby union
- Tee, Jason, Bekker, Sheree, Collins, Rob, Klingbiel, Jannie, van Rooyen, Ivan, van Wyk, David, Till, Kevin, Jones, Ben
- Authors: Tee, Jason , Bekker, Sheree , Collins, Rob , Klingbiel, Jannie , van Rooyen, Ivan , van Wyk, David , Till, Kevin , Jones, Ben
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 21, no. 9 (2018), p. 899-904
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: Due to the complex systems nature of injuries, the responsibility for injury risk management cannot lie solely within a single domain of professional practice. Interdisciplinary collaboration between technical/tactical coaches, strength and conditioning coaches, team doctors, physical therapists and sport scientists is likely to have a meaningful impact on injury risk. This study describes the application and efficacy of a multidisciplinary approach to reducing team injury risk in professional rugby union. Design: Observational longitudinal cohort study. Methods: Epidemiological injury data was collected from a professional rugby union team for 5 consecutive seasons. Following each season, these data informed multidisciplinary intervention strategies to reduce injury risk. The effectiveness of these strategies was iteratively assessed to inform future interventions. Specific examples of intervention strategies are provided. Results: Overall team injury burden displayed a likely beneficial decrease (−8%; injury rate ratio (IRR) 0.9, 95%CI 0.9–1.0) from 2012 to 2016. This was achieved through a most likely beneficial improvement in non-contact injury burden (−39%; IRR 0.6, 95%CI 0.6–0.7). Contact injury burden was increased, but to a lesser extent (+18%; IRR 1.2, 95%CI 1.1–1.3, most likely harmful) during the same period. Conclusions: The range of skills required to effectively manage complex injury phenomena in professional collision sport crosses disciplinary boundaries. The evidence presented here points to the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary approach to reducing injury risk. This model will likely be applicable across a range of team and individual sports.
- Authors: Tee, Jason , Bekker, Sheree , Collins, Rob , Klingbiel, Jannie , van Rooyen, Ivan , van Wyk, David , Till, Kevin , Jones, Ben
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 21, no. 9 (2018), p. 899-904
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Objectives: Due to the complex systems nature of injuries, the responsibility for injury risk management cannot lie solely within a single domain of professional practice. Interdisciplinary collaboration between technical/tactical coaches, strength and conditioning coaches, team doctors, physical therapists and sport scientists is likely to have a meaningful impact on injury risk. This study describes the application and efficacy of a multidisciplinary approach to reducing team injury risk in professional rugby union. Design: Observational longitudinal cohort study. Methods: Epidemiological injury data was collected from a professional rugby union team for 5 consecutive seasons. Following each season, these data informed multidisciplinary intervention strategies to reduce injury risk. The effectiveness of these strategies was iteratively assessed to inform future interventions. Specific examples of intervention strategies are provided. Results: Overall team injury burden displayed a likely beneficial decrease (−8%; injury rate ratio (IRR) 0.9, 95%CI 0.9–1.0) from 2012 to 2016. This was achieved through a most likely beneficial improvement in non-contact injury burden (−39%; IRR 0.6, 95%CI 0.6–0.7). Contact injury burden was increased, but to a lesser extent (+18%; IRR 1.2, 95%CI 1.1–1.3, most likely harmful) during the same period. Conclusions: The range of skills required to effectively manage complex injury phenomena in professional collision sport crosses disciplinary boundaries. The evidence presented here points to the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary approach to reducing injury risk. This model will likely be applicable across a range of team and individual sports.
The effect of sub-concussive impacts during a rugby tackling drill on brain function
- McNabb, Colm, Reha, Tahere, Georgieva, Julia, Jacques, Angela, Netto, Kevin, Lavender, Andrew
- Authors: McNabb, Colm , Reha, Tahere , Georgieva, Julia , Jacques, Angela , Netto, Kevin , Lavender, Andrew
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Brain Sciences Vol. 10, no. 12 (2020), p. 1-12
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Concussion is known to detrimentally affect brain health. Rugby tackles commonly occur with high collision force between tackler and ball carrier, and low impact head contact is not uncommon. Cognitive deficits following a bout of soccer ball heading has been attributed to the impact and termed sub-concussion. Although soccer ball heading studies provide evidence for acute effects of sub-concussion, it is unknown whether this phenomenon occurs following rugby tackles. This study investigates the acute effects of rugby tackles on brain function and balance in rugby players. Twenty-six volunteers were assigned to either the ball carrier (9), tackler (9) or control (8) group. Controls performed running without the tackle. Outcome measures included corticomotor function using transcranial magnetic brain stimulation (TMS) and balance was assessed by a series of tasks performed on a NeuroCom Balance Master before and immediately after a tackle training drill. Following the tackling bout, the cortical silent period (cSP) increased for the tacklers with no change for ball carrier and control groups, and no differences between groups for balance measures were observed. Lengthening of cSP observed in the tacklers following the bout has been reported in studies of concussion and may indicate long term detrimental effects. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Authors: McNabb, Colm , Reha, Tahere , Georgieva, Julia , Jacques, Angela , Netto, Kevin , Lavender, Andrew
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Brain Sciences Vol. 10, no. 12 (2020), p. 1-12
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Concussion is known to detrimentally affect brain health. Rugby tackles commonly occur with high collision force between tackler and ball carrier, and low impact head contact is not uncommon. Cognitive deficits following a bout of soccer ball heading has been attributed to the impact and termed sub-concussion. Although soccer ball heading studies provide evidence for acute effects of sub-concussion, it is unknown whether this phenomenon occurs following rugby tackles. This study investigates the acute effects of rugby tackles on brain function and balance in rugby players. Twenty-six volunteers were assigned to either the ball carrier (9), tackler (9) or control (8) group. Controls performed running without the tackle. Outcome measures included corticomotor function using transcranial magnetic brain stimulation (TMS) and balance was assessed by a series of tasks performed on a NeuroCom Balance Master before and immediately after a tackle training drill. Following the tackling bout, the cortical silent period (cSP) increased for the tacklers with no change for ball carrier and control groups, and no differences between groups for balance measures were observed. Lengthening of cSP observed in the tacklers following the bout has been reported in studies of concussion and may indicate long term detrimental effects. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
On average, a professional rugby union player is more likely than not to sustain a concussion after 25 matches
- Rafferty, James, Ranson, Craig, Oatley, Giles, Mostafa, Mohamed, Mathema, Prabhat, Crick, Tom, Moore, Isabel
- Authors: Rafferty, James , Ranson, Craig , Oatley, Giles , Mostafa, Mohamed , Mathema, Prabhat , Crick, Tom , Moore, Isabel
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: British Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 53, no. 15 (2019), p. 969-973
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: To investigate concussion injury rates, the likelihood of sustaining concussion relative to the number of rugby union matches and the risk of subsequent injury following concussion. A four-season (2012/2013-2015/2016) prospective cohort study of injuries in professional level (club and international) rugby union. Incidence (injuries/1000 player-match-hours), severity (days lost per injury) and number of professional matches conferring a large risk of concussion were determined. The risk of injury following concussion was assessed using a survival model. Concussion incidence increased from 7.9 (95% CI 5.1 to 11.7) to 21.5 injuries/1000 player-match-hours (95% CI 16.4 to 27.6) over the four seasons for combined club and international rugby union. Concussion severity was unchanged over time (median: 9 days). Players were at a greater risk of sustaining a concussion than not after an exposure of 25 matches (95% CI 19 to 32). Injury risk (any injury) was 38% greater (HR 1.38 95% CI 1.21 to 1.56) following concussion than after a non-concussive injury. Injuries to the head and neck (HR 1.34 95% CI 1.06 to 1.70), upper limb (HR 1.59 95% CI 1.19 to 2.12), pelvic region (HR 2.07 95% CI 1.18 to 3.65) and the lower limb (HR 1.60 95% CI 1.21 to 2.10) were more likely following concussion than after a non-concussive injury. Concussion incidence increased, while severity remained unchanged, during the 4 years of this study. Playing more than 25 matches in the 2015/2016 season meant that sustaining concussion was more likely than not sustaining concussion. The 38% greater injury risk after concussive injury (compared with non-concussive injury) suggests return to play protocols warrant investigation.
- Authors: Rafferty, James , Ranson, Craig , Oatley, Giles , Mostafa, Mohamed , Mathema, Prabhat , Crick, Tom , Moore, Isabel
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: British Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 53, no. 15 (2019), p. 969-973
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: To investigate concussion injury rates, the likelihood of sustaining concussion relative to the number of rugby union matches and the risk of subsequent injury following concussion. A four-season (2012/2013-2015/2016) prospective cohort study of injuries in professional level (club and international) rugby union. Incidence (injuries/1000 player-match-hours), severity (days lost per injury) and number of professional matches conferring a large risk of concussion were determined. The risk of injury following concussion was assessed using a survival model. Concussion incidence increased from 7.9 (95% CI 5.1 to 11.7) to 21.5 injuries/1000 player-match-hours (95% CI 16.4 to 27.6) over the four seasons for combined club and international rugby union. Concussion severity was unchanged over time (median: 9 days). Players were at a greater risk of sustaining a concussion than not after an exposure of 25 matches (95% CI 19 to 32). Injury risk (any injury) was 38% greater (HR 1.38 95% CI 1.21 to 1.56) following concussion than after a non-concussive injury. Injuries to the head and neck (HR 1.34 95% CI 1.06 to 1.70), upper limb (HR 1.59 95% CI 1.19 to 2.12), pelvic region (HR 2.07 95% CI 1.18 to 3.65) and the lower limb (HR 1.60 95% CI 1.21 to 2.10) were more likely following concussion than after a non-concussive injury. Concussion incidence increased, while severity remained unchanged, during the 4 years of this study. Playing more than 25 matches in the 2015/2016 season meant that sustaining concussion was more likely than not sustaining concussion. The 38% greater injury risk after concussive injury (compared with non-concussive injury) suggests return to play protocols warrant investigation.
Type D personality, stress, coping and performance on a novel sport task
- Borkoles, Erika, Kaiseler, Mariana, Evans, Andrew, Ski, Chantal, Thompson, David, Polman, Remco
- Authors: Borkoles, Erika , Kaiseler, Mariana , Evans, Andrew , Ski, Chantal , Thompson, David , Polman, Remco
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: PLoS One Vol. 13, no. 4 (2018), p. e0196692-e0196692
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: We investigated (1) the relationship between Type D personality, stress intensity appraisal of a self-selected stressor, coping, and perceived coping effectiveness and (2) the relationship between Type D personality and performance. In study one, 482 athletes completed the Type D personality questionnaire (DS14), stress thermometer and MCOPE in relation to a recently experienced sport stressor. Type D was associated with increased levels of perceived stress and selection of coping strategies (more emotion and avoidance coping) as well as perceptions of their effectiveness. In study two, 32 participants completed a rugby league circuit task and were assessed on pre-performance anxiety, post-performance affect and coping. Type D was associated with poorer performance (reduced distance more errors), decreases in pre-performance self-confidence and more use of maladaptive resignation/withdrawal coping. Findings suggest that Type D is associated with maladaptive coping and reduced performance. Type D individuals would benefit from interventions related to mood modification or enhancing interpersonal functioning.
- Authors: Borkoles, Erika , Kaiseler, Mariana , Evans, Andrew , Ski, Chantal , Thompson, David , Polman, Remco
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: PLoS One Vol. 13, no. 4 (2018), p. e0196692-e0196692
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: We investigated (1) the relationship between Type D personality, stress intensity appraisal of a self-selected stressor, coping, and perceived coping effectiveness and (2) the relationship between Type D personality and performance. In study one, 482 athletes completed the Type D personality questionnaire (DS14), stress thermometer and MCOPE in relation to a recently experienced sport stressor. Type D was associated with increased levels of perceived stress and selection of coping strategies (more emotion and avoidance coping) as well as perceptions of their effectiveness. In study two, 32 participants completed a rugby league circuit task and were assessed on pre-performance anxiety, post-performance affect and coping. Type D was associated with poorer performance (reduced distance more errors), decreases in pre-performance self-confidence and more use of maladaptive resignation/withdrawal coping. Findings suggest that Type D is associated with maladaptive coping and reduced performance. Type D individuals would benefit from interventions related to mood modification or enhancing interpersonal functioning.
The effectiveness of online mental health first aid training in community rugby : a mixed-methods approach
- Russell, Suzanna, Kelly, Vincent, Polman, Remco, Warren-James, Matthew
- Authors: Russell, Suzanna , Kelly, Vincent , Polman, Remco , Warren-James, Matthew
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 20, no. 7 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training exists to improve supportive behaviours towards peers, increase mental health literacy, and reduce stigma. Community sport clubs have potential to successfully deliver mental health programs. This study investigated the effectiveness of online MHFA training undertaken by members of the rugby community and evaluated the feasibility and usefulness of the online delivery mode and users’ engagement with it. A mixed-methods approach was used to provide depth of understanding through qualitative analysis, combined with quantitative outcomes. Online surveys examining participants’ knowledge and perceptions were administered pre- and post-MHFA training. Significant improvements (p < 0.05) across all assessed domains were observed post- compared to pre-MHFA training. A large effect size was identified in relation to advice giving and sign and symptom identification. A moderate effect size pre- to post-improvement was identified for users’ perceptions of therapy’s effectiveness, the ability of people with severe mental health conditions to recover, and benefit of a healthcare professional. Participants endorsed the MHFA program to improve mental health literacy, advance non-technical skills, and improve confidence. MHFA training can increase the awareness and knowledge of mental health issues in key individuals in community sport clubs and enable them to aid people with mental health concerns. Online MHFA training is associated with improved mental health literacy and may be a suitable and economically sustainable model for community sport. © 2023 by the authors.
- Authors: Russell, Suzanna , Kelly, Vincent , Polman, Remco , Warren-James, Matthew
- Date: 2023
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Vol. 20, no. 7 (2023), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) training exists to improve supportive behaviours towards peers, increase mental health literacy, and reduce stigma. Community sport clubs have potential to successfully deliver mental health programs. This study investigated the effectiveness of online MHFA training undertaken by members of the rugby community and evaluated the feasibility and usefulness of the online delivery mode and users’ engagement with it. A mixed-methods approach was used to provide depth of understanding through qualitative analysis, combined with quantitative outcomes. Online surveys examining participants’ knowledge and perceptions were administered pre- and post-MHFA training. Significant improvements (p < 0.05) across all assessed domains were observed post- compared to pre-MHFA training. A large effect size was identified in relation to advice giving and sign and symptom identification. A moderate effect size pre- to post-improvement was identified for users’ perceptions of therapy’s effectiveness, the ability of people with severe mental health conditions to recover, and benefit of a healthcare professional. Participants endorsed the MHFA program to improve mental health literacy, advance non-technical skills, and improve confidence. MHFA training can increase the awareness and knowledge of mental health issues in key individuals in community sport clubs and enable them to aid people with mental health concerns. Online MHFA training is associated with improved mental health literacy and may be a suitable and economically sustainable model for community sport. © 2023 by the authors.
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