List of Titles

Machine learning in mental health: a scoping review of methods and applications

- Shatte, Adrian, Hutchinson, Delyse, Teague, Samantha

Authors: Shatte, Adrian , Hutchinson, Delyse , Teague, Samantha
Date: 2019
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Psychological Medicine Vol. 49, no. 9 (2019), p. 1426-1448
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Description: This paper aims to synthesise the literature on machine learning (ML) and big data applications for mental health, highlighting current research and applications in practice. We employed a scoping review methodology to rapidly map the field of ML in mental health. Eight health and information technology research databases were searched for papers covering this domain. Articles were assessed by two reviewers, and data were extracted on the article's mental health application, ML technique, data type, and study results. Articles were then synthesised via narrative review. Three hundred papers focusing on the application of ML to mental health were identified. Four main application domains emerged in the literature, including: (i) detection and diagnosis (ii) prognosis, treatment and support (iii) public health, and (iv) research and clinical administration. The most common mental health conditions addressed included depression, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease. ML techniques used included support vector machines, decision trees, neural networks, latent Dirichlet allocation, and clustering. Overall, the application of ML to mental health has demonstrated a range of benefits across the areas of diagnosis, treatment and support, research, and clinical administration. With the majority of studies identified focusing on the detection and diagnosis of mental health conditions, it is evident that there is significant room for the application of ML to other areas of psychology and mental health. The challenges of using ML techniques are discussed, as well as opportunities to improve and advance the field.

A Social identity approach to understanding and promoting physical activity

- Stevens, Mark, Rees, Tim, Coffee, Pete, Steffens, Niklas, Haslam, S. Alexander, Polman, Remco

Authors: Stevens, Mark , Rees, Tim , Coffee, Pete , Steffens, Niklas , Haslam, S. Alexander , Polman, Remco
Date: 2017
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Sports Medicine Vol. 47, no. 10 (2017), p. 1911-1918
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Description: Against the backdrop of a global physical inactivity crisis, attempts to both understand and positively influence physical activity behaviours are characterized by a focus on individual-level factors (e.g. cognitions, attitudes, motivation). We outline a new perspective, drawn from an emerging body of work exploring the applicability of social identity and self-categorization theories to domains of sport and health, from which to understand and address this pervasive problem. This social identity approach suggests that the groups to which people belong can be, and often are, incorporated into their sense of self and, through this, are powerful determinants of physical activity-related behaviour. We start by reviewing the current state of physical activity research and highlighting the potential for the social identity approach to help understand how social factors influence these behaviours. Next, we outline the theoretical underpinnings of the social identity approach and provide three key examples that speak to the analytical and practical value of the social identity approach in physical activity settings. Specifically, we argue that social identity (1) can be harnessed to promote engagement in physical activity, (2) underpins exercise group behaviour, and (3) underpins effective leadership in exercise settings. We conclude by identifying prospects for a range of theory-informed research developments.

Researching people who are bereaved : managing risks to participants and researchers

- Butler, Ashleigh, Copnell, Beverley, Hall, Helen

Authors: Butler, Ashleigh , Copnell, Beverley , Hall, Helen
Date: 2019
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Nursing Ethics Vol. 26, no. 1 (2019), p. 224-234
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Description: Conducting qualitative research, especially in areas considered ‘sensitive’, presents many challenges. The processes involved in such research often expose both participants and the research team to a vast array of risks, which may cause damage to their personal, professional, social and cultural worlds. Historically, these risks have been considered independent of each other, with most studies exploring only the risks to participants or only risks to researchers. Additionally, most researchers only consider risks during data collection, frequently overlooking risks that might be present during other phases of the research project. We aim, therefore, to bring together this fractured literature to enable an integrated exploration of the current academic discourse relating to risks to participants with the literature exploring risks to researchers across all phases of the research process. This article draws on personal experiences to highlight ethical issues and risks encountered by both participants and researchers throughout all phases of a research project. Beginning in recruitment, we discuss the risk of secondary distress in participants arising from researcher contact and then explore the concept of informed consent during grief and bereavement research. We then focus on risks present during data collection, examining risks for participants, such as emotional distress, and potential safety risks for the research team. Finally, we consider the risks which arise in data analysis, including both confidentiality and the possibility of researcher burnout. Previous recommendations are summarised, with new management strategies suggested based on lessons learned along the way. © The Author(s) 2017.

The effects of unihemispheric concurrent dual-site transcranial direct current stimulation on motor sequence learning in healthy individuals: A randomized, clinical trial

- Talimkhani, Ailin, Abdollahi, Iraj, Zoghi, Maryam, Talebi Ghane, Elaheh, Jaberzadeh, Shapour

Authors: Talimkhani, Ailin , Abdollahi, Iraj , Zoghi, Maryam , Talebi Ghane, Elaheh , Jaberzadeh, Shapour
Date: 2018
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Iranian red crescent medical journal Vol. 20, no. 7 (2018), p.
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Description: Background: Unihemispheric concurrent dual-site anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCSUHCDS) of primary motor cortex (M1) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) are introduced as effective techniques on M1 corticospinal excitability enhancement and its after-effects. Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating the potential effects of multiple sessions of a-tDCSUHCDS of M1-DLPFC on motor skills learning in healthy individuals. Methods: The randomized, clinical trial was conducted on a total of 37 volunteers completed all sessions of the study and were randomly divided into two groups of a-tDCSUHCDS and sham stimulation by the block randomization method. The current study was performed from January to May 2017 in Iran. Participants attended daily 20-minute motor training sessions for three consecutive days, while they concurrently received a-tDCS. Motor skills were assessed before the intervention (day 1), immediately after the intervention (day 3), and one week after the completion of the intervention. Results: A total of 37 participants were included in the data analysis. Immediately after the completion of the intervention on day 3, mean skills in the experimental and control groups were 0.33 and 0.30, respectively. One week after the completion of the intervention, mean skills in the experimental and control groups were 0.36 and 0.29, respectively. The trend of motor learning considerably increased in the experimental (0.17 P < 0.001) and control (0.11 P < 0.001) groups. No significant difference was observed in motor learning immediately after the intervention between the groups (P = 0.23), while there was a significant difference in long-term offline learning between the groups (P = 0.04). Conclusions: Greater motor skills in the a-tDCSUHCDS group compared with the sham tDCS group at one week retention indicated the robustness of the a-tDCSUHCDS effect.

What is ‘Value’ When aesthetics meets ethics inside and outside of the Academy

- Bolt, Barbara, MacNeill, Kate, McPherson, Megan, Ednie-Brown, Pia, Barrett, Estelle, Wilson, Carole, Miller, Sarah, Sierra, Marie

Authors: Bolt, Barbara , MacNeill, Kate , McPherson, Megan , Ednie-Brown, Pia , Barrett, Estelle , Wilson, Carole , Miller, Sarah , Sierra, Marie
Date: 2017
Type: Text , Conference paper
Relation: ACUADS annual conference; Canberra, ; 28th-29th September 2017; published in ACUADS Conference proceedings
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Description: As a ‘new’ research discipline, the creative arts challenges ethics understandings with emergent research practices. In this paper we focus on a current learning and teaching project that attends to ethical know-how in creative practice research in order to address the gaps between institutional research know-how and the practices of creative practitioners in the world. Graduate creative practice researchers working in the university are required to observe the University’s Code of Conduct for Research and adhere to the guidelines provided by the National Statement, however practicing artists working in the community are not similarly constrained. Once creative practice PhD graduates leave the university, they are no longer required to gain ethics clearance for their work but use their own developed sense of ethics to make “judgment calls.” Ethical know-how is situated, contextual, and a mainstay of all professional practices in action. The aim of this paper is to examine the notion of value as it is perceived by academics, practitioners and PAR researchers in and beyond the university as this relates ethical know-how. Through an examination of a survey of PAR supervisors and RHD candidates this paper will discuss issues specific to the creative practice disciplines. This analysis enables us to raise issues specific to the creative arts disciplines and will help us prepare our graduate researchers to become ethical and innovative practitioners in the real world.

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