The effect of low molecular weight surfactants and proteins on surface stickiness of sucrose during powder formation through spray drying
- Adhikari, Benu, Howes, Tony, Wood, B. J., Bhandari, Bhesh
- Authors: Adhikari, Benu , Howes, Tony , Wood, B. J. , Bhandari, Bhesh
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Food Engineering Vol. 94, no. 2 (2009), p. 135 -143
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The effect of competitive surface migration of proteins and low molecular weight surfactants (LMS) on the powder recovery in spray drying of highly sticky sugar-rich food has been studied. Sucrose was chosen as a model sugar-rich food because it cannot be easily converted into a pure amorphous powder through spray drying. Sodium caseinate (Na-C) and hydrolyzed whey protein isolate (WPI) were used as model proteins. Polysorbate 80 (Tween-80) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (Na-DS) were used as model non-ionic and ionic LMS. A sucrose solution was spray dried without any additives to establish a base case. Following this, spray drying trials of sucrose-protein solutions were conducted. The sucrose: protein ratio was maintained at 99.5:0.5 and 99.0:1.0. Finally, 0.05% of Tween-80 and Na-DS, on a nominal feed basis, were individually added to the solutions and spray dried. The solid concentration of all of the feed solutions was set at 25% and the inlet and outlet temperatures were maintained at 170 °C and 70 °C, respectively. Powder recovery was determined using a standard procedure and taken as an indicator of the surface stickiness. Coverage of the particle surface by the proteins was determined through elemental surface analysis and a nitrogen balance. It was found that in the absence of LMS, the proteins covered up to 55% of the particle surface and increased the powder recovery to between 84% and 85%. Formation of a glassy protein-rich film acts to reduce the surface stickiness of sucrose droplets. However, when LMS was added to the sucrose-protein solutions, the recovery dropped to zero in the case of Tween-80. In the case of Na-DS the recoveries ranged to 39% and 68%. At these recoveries 83% and 59% of the protein, respectively, was displaced from the surface. This drastic effect of surfactant types on the powder recovery is explained using the Orogenic Displacement model. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Authors: Adhikari, Benu , Howes, Tony , Wood, B. J. , Bhandari, Bhesh
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Food Engineering Vol. 94, no. 2 (2009), p. 135 -143
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The effect of competitive surface migration of proteins and low molecular weight surfactants (LMS) on the powder recovery in spray drying of highly sticky sugar-rich food has been studied. Sucrose was chosen as a model sugar-rich food because it cannot be easily converted into a pure amorphous powder through spray drying. Sodium caseinate (Na-C) and hydrolyzed whey protein isolate (WPI) were used as model proteins. Polysorbate 80 (Tween-80) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (Na-DS) were used as model non-ionic and ionic LMS. A sucrose solution was spray dried without any additives to establish a base case. Following this, spray drying trials of sucrose-protein solutions were conducted. The sucrose: protein ratio was maintained at 99.5:0.5 and 99.0:1.0. Finally, 0.05% of Tween-80 and Na-DS, on a nominal feed basis, were individually added to the solutions and spray dried. The solid concentration of all of the feed solutions was set at 25% and the inlet and outlet temperatures were maintained at 170 °C and 70 °C, respectively. Powder recovery was determined using a standard procedure and taken as an indicator of the surface stickiness. Coverage of the particle surface by the proteins was determined through elemental surface analysis and a nitrogen balance. It was found that in the absence of LMS, the proteins covered up to 55% of the particle surface and increased the powder recovery to between 84% and 85%. Formation of a glassy protein-rich film acts to reduce the surface stickiness of sucrose droplets. However, when LMS was added to the sucrose-protein solutions, the recovery dropped to zero in the case of Tween-80. In the case of Na-DS the recoveries ranged to 39% and 68%. At these recoveries 83% and 59% of the protein, respectively, was displaced from the surface. This drastic effect of surfactant types on the powder recovery is explained using the Orogenic Displacement model. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
The impact of deforestation and pasture abandonment on soil properties in the wet tropics of Australia
- Rasiah, Velu, Florentine, Singarayer, Williams, B. L., Westbrooke, Martin
- Authors: Rasiah, Velu , Florentine, Singarayer , Williams, B. L. , Westbrooke, Martin
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Geoderma Vol. 120, no. 1-2 (2004), p. 35-45
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Limited information exists on the changes in soil properties, particularly from the wet tropics of Australia, under long-term abandoned pasture, which was previously grazed and was established on deforested tropical rainforest. This information may be help in successful forest reestablishment. The objectives of this study were to assess the cumulative impact deforestation, grazed and abandoned pasture on selected soil physico-chemical properties from (i) an abandoned pastureland and (ii) a recently planted rainforest (PRF), planted in the abandoned pastureland. The experimental site is a field in the Northeast Queensland (NEQ) wet tropical region of Australia. This site was deforested approximately 70 years ago and brought under unfertilized grazed pasture for 30 years. Subsequently the grazed pastureland was abandoned and remains un-grazed for 40 years. A section of the abandoned pastureland was planted, 10 years ago, with native forest species, involving different combinations in five treatments in a completely randomised block design. A nearby undisturbed rainforest is used as the background against which assessment was carried out. Soil samples from 0- to 15-cm depth were collected in July 2000 and analyzed for nitrate-N, ammonium-N, total N, total soil organic C (SOC) and labile-C, pH (in water and CaCl2), electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable Ca, Mg, Na, K, and Al, and bulk density. Compared to the rainforest, the N and C concentrations of different forms under abandoned pasture and PRF were significantly less, exclusive of the total N under abandoned pasture. More specifically, the SOC under the abandoned pasture was 37,600 mg/kg compared with 74,800 mg/kg under rainforest and 27,000 mg/kg in the PRF. The exchangeable Al under rainforest was 8.5 c molc/kg compared with 42. 4 to 80.2 c molc/kg under abandoned pasture and PRF. In general exchangeable cations (sum of Ca, Mg, K, and Na) under the rainforest were higher than the abandoned pasture. Soil under the abandoned pasture and PRF are more acidic by 0.5 to 1 units than the rainforest. Higher bulk densities under abandoned pasture and PRF led to 0.03% to 0.07% reductions in total porosities. Though we did not anticipate the soil under the abandoned pasture to recover 100% in 30-40 years, the results indicate that 40 years under abandoned pasture or 30 years of abandoned pasture plus 10 years under PRF was not sufficient to bring about substantial improvement in soil properties comparable to the rainforest. This implies the resiliency of tropical soils, in general, to recover from deforestation and cultivation induced degradation is poor. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000713
- Authors: Rasiah, Velu , Florentine, Singarayer , Williams, B. L. , Westbrooke, Martin
- Date: 2004
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Geoderma Vol. 120, no. 1-2 (2004), p. 35-45
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Limited information exists on the changes in soil properties, particularly from the wet tropics of Australia, under long-term abandoned pasture, which was previously grazed and was established on deforested tropical rainforest. This information may be help in successful forest reestablishment. The objectives of this study were to assess the cumulative impact deforestation, grazed and abandoned pasture on selected soil physico-chemical properties from (i) an abandoned pastureland and (ii) a recently planted rainforest (PRF), planted in the abandoned pastureland. The experimental site is a field in the Northeast Queensland (NEQ) wet tropical region of Australia. This site was deforested approximately 70 years ago and brought under unfertilized grazed pasture for 30 years. Subsequently the grazed pastureland was abandoned and remains un-grazed for 40 years. A section of the abandoned pastureland was planted, 10 years ago, with native forest species, involving different combinations in five treatments in a completely randomised block design. A nearby undisturbed rainforest is used as the background against which assessment was carried out. Soil samples from 0- to 15-cm depth were collected in July 2000 and analyzed for nitrate-N, ammonium-N, total N, total soil organic C (SOC) and labile-C, pH (in water and CaCl2), electrical conductivity (EC), exchangeable Ca, Mg, Na, K, and Al, and bulk density. Compared to the rainforest, the N and C concentrations of different forms under abandoned pasture and PRF were significantly less, exclusive of the total N under abandoned pasture. More specifically, the SOC under the abandoned pasture was 37,600 mg/kg compared with 74,800 mg/kg under rainforest and 27,000 mg/kg in the PRF. The exchangeable Al under rainforest was 8.5 c molc/kg compared with 42. 4 to 80.2 c molc/kg under abandoned pasture and PRF. In general exchangeable cations (sum of Ca, Mg, K, and Na) under the rainforest were higher than the abandoned pasture. Soil under the abandoned pasture and PRF are more acidic by 0.5 to 1 units than the rainforest. Higher bulk densities under abandoned pasture and PRF led to 0.03% to 0.07% reductions in total porosities. Though we did not anticipate the soil under the abandoned pasture to recover 100% in 30-40 years, the results indicate that 40 years under abandoned pasture or 30 years of abandoned pasture plus 10 years under PRF was not sufficient to bring about substantial improvement in soil properties comparable to the rainforest. This implies the resiliency of tropical soils, in general, to recover from deforestation and cultivation induced degradation is poor. © 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
- Description: C1
- Description: 2003000713
- Shi, Aimin, Wang, Li-jun, Li, Dong, Adhikari, Benu
- Authors: Shi, Aimin , Wang, Li-jun , Li, Dong , Adhikari, Benu
- Date: 2013
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Carbohydrate Polymers Vol. 96, no. 2 (2013), p. 602-610
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Starch films were successfully produced by incorporating spray dried and vacuum-freeze dried starch nanoparticles. The frequency sweep, creep-recovery behavior and time-temperature superposition (TTS) on these films were studied. All these films exhibited dominant elastic behavior (than viscous behavior) over the entire frequency range (0.1-100 rad/s). The incorporation of both types of starch nanoparticles increased the storage and loss modulus, tan δ, creep strain, creep compliance and creep rate at long time frame and reduced the recovery rate of films while the effect of different kinds of starch nanoparticles on these parameters was similar both in magnitude and trend. TTS method was successfully used to predict long time (over 20 days) creep behavior through the master curves. The addition of these nanoparticles could increase the activation energy parameter used in TTS master curves. Power law and Burger's models were capable of fitting storage and loss modulus (R2 > 0.79) and creep data (R2 > 0.96), respectively. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- Description: C1
- Jayasundera, Mithila, Adhikari, Benu, Adhikari, Raju, Aldred, Peter
- Authors: Jayasundera, Mithila , Adhikari, Benu , Adhikari, Raju , Aldred, Peter
- Date: 2011
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Food Engineering Vol. 104, no. 2 (2011), p. 259-271
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: The effects of proteins and low molecular weight surfactants (LMS) on spray drying and powder characteristics of model sugar-rich foods have been studied. Fructose and sucrose were selected as model sugar-rich foods and sodium caseinate (NaCas) was selected as a model protein. Sodium stearoyl lactylate (SSL) and Polysorbate 80 (Tween-80) were chosen as model ionic and non-ionic low molecular weight surfactants. The feed solutions for spray drying had 25% solid concentration in all. To achieve identical powder recoveries of the order of 80% much higher NaCas:fructose ratio (30:70) was required compared to NaCas:sucrose ratio (0.5:99.5) which corresponded to 7.89% and 0.13% of sodium caseinate (initial bulk concentration), respectively. There was no change in powder recovery when the SSL concentration was increased from 0.01% to 0.05% in fructose-NaCas-SSL solution and also addition of 0.01% Tween-80 into fructose-NaCas solution did not affect the powder recovery (76.7 ± 2.3%), however, it was slightly affected with the increase of Tween-80 to 0.05% (69.0 ± 1.9%). At NaCas concentration above critical micelle concentration of NaCas (3% w/w), the presence of up to 0.05% low molecular weight surfactants had either no effect or minimal effect on the surface coverage of the droplets/particles and also on the powder recovery depending on the nature of the low molecular weight surfactants. The surface protein coverage and the recovery of the powder in sucrose-protein systems were very sensitive in the presence of low molecular weight surfactants due to being below the critical micelle concentration of NaCas. SSL displaced 2.0% and 29.3% of proteins from the droplet surface of sucrose-NaCas-SSL, respectively, when its concentration was varied from 0.01% to 0.05% thereby reducing the powder recovery from 75.5% to 30%. The addition of 0.01% Tween-80 in sucrose-NaCas solution resulted in a 48.2 ± 1.5% reduction in powder recovery and at 0.05% concentration, it displaced a substantial amount of NaCas from the droplet surface and no powder was recovered. These phenomena are explained on the basis of surface-glass transition temperature, dynamic surface tension, nature of surfactants and glass transition temperature of sugars used. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results showed that the powders of sucrose-NaCas, sucrose-NaCas with 0.01% SSL and all powders of fructose were amorphous. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Physiological responses to cold water immersion following cycling in the heat
- Halson, Shona, Quod, Marc, Martin, David, Gardner, Andrew, Ebert, Tammie, Laursen, Paul
- Authors: Halson, Shona , Quod, Marc , Martin, David , Gardner, Andrew , Ebert, Tammie , Laursen, Paul
- Date: 2008
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance Vol. 3, no. 3 (2008), p. 331-346
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: Cold water immersion (CWI) has become a popular means of enhancing recovery from various forms of exercise. However, there is minimal scientific information on the physiological effects of CWI following cycling in the heat. Purpose: To examine the safety and acute thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, metabolic, endocrine, and inflammatory responses to CWI following cycling in the heat. Methods: Eleven male endurance trained cyclists completed two simulated ?40-min time trials at 34.3±1.1°C. AU subjects completed both a CWI trial (11.5°C for 60 s repeated three times) and a control condition. (CONT; passive recovery in 24.2±1.8°C) in a randomized cross-over design. Capillary blood samples were assayed for lactate, glucose, pH, and blood, gases. Venous blood samples were assayed for catecholamines, Cortisol, testosterone, creatine kinase, C-reactive protein, IL-6, and IGF-1 on 7 of the 11 subjects. Heart rate (HR), rectal (Tre), and skin temperatures (Tsk) were measured throughout recovery. Results: CWI elicited a significantly lower HR (CWI: ?11.6±9 bpm vs. CONT: ?106±4 bpm; P = .02), Tre (CWI: ?1.99±0. 50°C vs. CONT: ?1.49±0.50°C; P = .01) and Tsk. However, all other measures were not significantly different between conditions. All participants subjectively reported enhanced sensations of recovery following CWI. Conclusion: CWI did not result in hypothermia and can be considered safe following high intensity cycling in the heat, using the above protocol. CWI significantly reduced heart rate and core temperature; however, all other metabolic and endocrine markers were not affected by CWI. © 2008 Human Kinetics, Inc.
- Description: C1
In search of New Atlantis : What can HET on innovation reveal about the path out of the 2009 great recession?
- Authors: Courvisanos, Jerry
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at 22nd Conference of the History of Economic Thought Society of Australia, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia : 14th-17th July 2009
- Full Text:
- Description: The 2009 “Great Recession” has created a severe collapse of business expectations to coincide with severe financial overexposure. In this economic climate there is the tendency for the private sector to withdraw from investing in the future and for the public sector to seek to protect the major institutions of capitalism. Both lead to the exclusion of innovation and the concomitant deterioration of the accumulation process. In this context, there have been calls by some prescient economists and politicians to recognise this severe downturn as the opportunity for the generation and implementation of new knowledge. Innovation needs to be generated - particularly eco-innovation into sustainable development - and supported with a large public and private accumulation programme. In about 1623, Francis Bacon wrote a fable about a secret undiscovered island, Bensalem, in which scientific progress through innovation (Bacon’s “instauration”) created an idyllic economy where humanity was in concert with nature. This Bacon juxtaposed with another island, Atlantis, which gained wealth and prominence through its domination over nature, until nature took its revenge. From Adam Smith onwards writings on economics have recognised the power of innovation to drive an economy. Using Bensalem as the ideal, this paper appraises visions of innovation and accumulation from various HET schools (especially Neoclassical, Austrian, Schumpeterian, Post-Keynesian, Ecological) to assess what these schools can contribute to development of an ecologically sustainable economic trajectory out of the 2009 Great Recession.
- Description: 2003007361
- Authors: Courvisanos, Jerry
- Date: 2009
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: Paper presented at 22nd Conference of the History of Economic Thought Society of Australia, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia : 14th-17th July 2009
- Full Text:
- Description: The 2009 “Great Recession” has created a severe collapse of business expectations to coincide with severe financial overexposure. In this economic climate there is the tendency for the private sector to withdraw from investing in the future and for the public sector to seek to protect the major institutions of capitalism. Both lead to the exclusion of innovation and the concomitant deterioration of the accumulation process. In this context, there have been calls by some prescient economists and politicians to recognise this severe downturn as the opportunity for the generation and implementation of new knowledge. Innovation needs to be generated - particularly eco-innovation into sustainable development - and supported with a large public and private accumulation programme. In about 1623, Francis Bacon wrote a fable about a secret undiscovered island, Bensalem, in which scientific progress through innovation (Bacon’s “instauration”) created an idyllic economy where humanity was in concert with nature. This Bacon juxtaposed with another island, Atlantis, which gained wealth and prominence through its domination over nature, until nature took its revenge. From Adam Smith onwards writings on economics have recognised the power of innovation to drive an economy. Using Bensalem as the ideal, this paper appraises visions of innovation and accumulation from various HET schools (especially Neoclassical, Austrian, Schumpeterian, Post-Keynesian, Ecological) to assess what these schools can contribute to development of an ecologically sustainable economic trajectory out of the 2009 Great Recession.
- Description: 2003007361
Understanding victims of identity theft: Preliminary insights
- Turville, Kylie, Yearwood, John, Miller, Charlynn
- Authors: Turville, Kylie , Yearwood, John , Miller, Charlynn
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings
- Full Text:
- Description: Identity theft is not a new crime, however changes in society and the way that business is conducted have made it an easier, attractive and more lucrative crime. When a victim discovers the misuse of their identity they must then begin the process of recovery, including fixing any issues that may have been created by the misuse. For some victims this may only take a small amount of time and effort, however for others they may continue to experience issues for many years after the initial moment of discovery. To date, little research has been conducted within Australia or internationally regarding what a victim experiences as they work through the recovery process. This paper presents a summary of the identity theft domain with an emphasis on research conducted within Australia, and identifies a number of issues regarding research in this area. The paper also provides an overview of the research project currently being undertaken by the authors in obtaining an understanding of what victims of identity theft experience during the recovery process; particularly their experiences when dealing with organizations. Finally, it reports on some of the preliminary work that has already been conducted for the research project. © 2010 IEEE.
- Authors: Turville, Kylie , Yearwood, John , Miller, Charlynn
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Conference proceedings
- Full Text:
- Description: Identity theft is not a new crime, however changes in society and the way that business is conducted have made it an easier, attractive and more lucrative crime. When a victim discovers the misuse of their identity they must then begin the process of recovery, including fixing any issues that may have been created by the misuse. For some victims this may only take a small amount of time and effort, however for others they may continue to experience issues for many years after the initial moment of discovery. To date, little research has been conducted within Australia or internationally regarding what a victim experiences as they work through the recovery process. This paper presents a summary of the identity theft domain with an emphasis on research conducted within Australia, and identifies a number of issues regarding research in this area. The paper also provides an overview of the research project currently being undertaken by the authors in obtaining an understanding of what victims of identity theft experience during the recovery process; particularly their experiences when dealing with organizations. Finally, it reports on some of the preliminary work that has already been conducted for the research project. © 2010 IEEE.
Understanding victims of identity theft: A grounded theory approach
- Turville, Kylie, Firmin, Sally, Yearwood, John, Miller, Charlynn
- Authors: Turville, Kylie , Firmin, Sally , Yearwood, John , Miller, Charlynn
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 5th International Conference on Qualitative Research in IT and IT in Qualitative Research, QualIT 2010
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Being a victim of identity theft can be a devastating and life-changing event. Once the victim discovers the misuse they need to begin the process of recovery. For the "lucky" victims this may take only a couple of phone calls and a small amount of time; however, some victims may experience difficulties for many year. In order to recover, victims of crime require support and assistance; however, within Australia this support is sadly lacking. In order to identify the issues currently faced by victims of identity theft as they work through the recovery process, a Grounded Theory methodology was identified as most appropriate. This paper provides a brief overview of the history of the research project; a brief introduction of grounded theory with a focus on preconceived ideas and their implications; and a description of the research project currently being undertaken. A discussion of some issues experienced when using grounded theory within an IT department with very little experience of qualitative research will be provided, along with some preliminary results.
- Description: E1
- Authors: Turville, Kylie , Firmin, Sally , Yearwood, John , Miller, Charlynn
- Date: 2010
- Type: Text , Conference paper
- Relation: 5th International Conference on Qualitative Research in IT and IT in Qualitative Research, QualIT 2010
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Being a victim of identity theft can be a devastating and life-changing event. Once the victim discovers the misuse they need to begin the process of recovery. For the "lucky" victims this may take only a couple of phone calls and a small amount of time; however, some victims may experience difficulties for many year. In order to recover, victims of crime require support and assistance; however, within Australia this support is sadly lacking. In order to identify the issues currently faced by victims of identity theft as they work through the recovery process, a Grounded Theory methodology was identified as most appropriate. This paper provides a brief overview of the history of the research project; a brief introduction of grounded theory with a focus on preconceived ideas and their implications; and a description of the research project currently being undertaken. A discussion of some issues experienced when using grounded theory within an IT department with very little experience of qualitative research will be provided, along with some preliminary results.
- Description: E1
Thermodynamic analysis questions claims of improved cardiac efficiency by dietary fish oil
- Loiselle, Denis, Han, June-Chiew, Goo, Eden, Chapman, Brian, Barclay, Christopher, Hickey, Anthony, Taberner, Andrew
- Authors: Loiselle, Denis , Han, June-Chiew , Goo, Eden , Chapman, Brian , Barclay, Christopher , Hickey, Anthony , Taberner, Andrew
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of General Physiology Vol. 148, no. 3 (2016), p. 183-193
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Studies in the literature describe the ability of dietary supplementation by omega-3 fish oil to increase the pumping efficiency of the left ventricle. Here we attempt to reconcile such studies with our own null results. We undertake a quantitative analysis of the improvement that could be expected theoretically, subject to physiological constraints, by posing the following question: By how much could efficiency be expected to increase if inefficiencies could be eliminated? Our approach utilizes thermodynamic analyses to investigate the contributions, both singly and collectively, of the major components of cardiac energetics to total cardiac efficiency. We conclude that it is unlikely that fish oils could achieve the required diminution of inefficiencies without greatly compromising cardiac performance.
- Authors: Loiselle, Denis , Han, June-Chiew , Goo, Eden , Chapman, Brian , Barclay, Christopher , Hickey, Anthony , Taberner, Andrew
- Date: 2016
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of General Physiology Vol. 148, no. 3 (2016), p. 183-193
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Studies in the literature describe the ability of dietary supplementation by omega-3 fish oil to increase the pumping efficiency of the left ventricle. Here we attempt to reconcile such studies with our own null results. We undertake a quantitative analysis of the improvement that could be expected theoretically, subject to physiological constraints, by posing the following question: By how much could efficiency be expected to increase if inefficiencies could be eliminated? Our approach utilizes thermodynamic analyses to investigate the contributions, both singly and collectively, of the major components of cardiac energetics to total cardiac efficiency. We conclude that it is unlikely that fish oils could achieve the required diminution of inefficiencies without greatly compromising cardiac performance.
- Brown, Henry, Dawson, Brian, Binnie, Martyn, Pinnington, Hugh, Sim, Marc, Clemons, Tristan, Peeling, Peter
- Authors: Brown, Henry , Dawson, Brian , Binnie, Martyn , Pinnington, Hugh , Sim, Marc , Clemons, Tristan , Peeling, Peter
- Date: 2017
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: European Journal of Sport Science Vol. 17, no. 6 (2017), p. 741-747
- Full Text: false
- Reviewed:
- Description: This study compared markers of muscle damage and inflammation elevated by a matched-intensity interval running session on soft sand and grass surfaces. In a counterbalanced, repeated-measures and crossover design, 10 well-trained female athletes completed 2 interval-based running sessions 1 week apart on either a grass or a sand surface. Exercise heart rate (HR) was fixed at 83–88% of HR maximum. Venous blood samples were collected pre-, post- and 24 h post-exercise, and analysed for myoglobin (Mb) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Perceptual ratings of exertion (RPE) and muscle soreness (DOMS) were recorded immediately post- and 24 h post-exercise. A significant time effect showed that Mb increased from pre- to post-exercise on grass (p =.008) but not on sand (p =.611). Furthermore, there was a greater relative increase in Mb on grass compared with that on sand (p =.026). No differences in CRP were reported between surfaces (p >.05). The HR, RPE and DOMS scores were not significantly different between conditions (p >.05). These results suggest that in response to a matched-intensity exercise bout, markers of post-exercise muscle damage may be reduced by running on softer ground surfaces. Such training strategy may be used to minimize musculoskeletal strain while still incurring an equivalent cardiovascular training stimulus. © 2017 European College of Sport Science.
A novel hamstring strain injury prevention system: post-match strength testing for secondary prevention in football
- Wollin, Martin, Thorborg, Kristian, Drew, Michael, Pizzari, Tania
- Authors: Wollin, Martin , Thorborg, Kristian , Drew, Michael , Pizzari, Tania
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article , Editorial
- Relation: British Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. , no. (2019), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Authors: Wollin, Martin , Thorborg, Kristian , Drew, Michael , Pizzari, Tania
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article , Editorial
- Relation: British Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. , no. (2019), p.
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
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