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Machine learning in mental health: a scoping review of methods and applications

- Shatte, Adrian, Hutchinson, Delyse, Teague, Samantha

  • Authors: Shatte, Adrian , Hutchinson, Delyse , Teague, Samantha
  • Date: 2019
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Psychological Medicine Vol. 49, no. 9 (2019), p. 1426-1448
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  • Description: This paper aims to synthesise the literature on machine learning (ML) and big data applications for mental health, highlighting current research and applications in practice. We employed a scoping review methodology to rapidly map the field of ML in mental health. Eight health and information technology research databases were searched for papers covering this domain. Articles were assessed by two reviewers, and data were extracted on the article's mental health application, ML technique, data type, and study results. Articles were then synthesised via narrative review. Three hundred papers focusing on the application of ML to mental health were identified. Four main application domains emerged in the literature, including: (i) detection and diagnosis (ii) prognosis, treatment and support (iii) public health, and (iv) research and clinical administration. The most common mental health conditions addressed included depression, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease. ML techniques used included support vector machines, decision trees, neural networks, latent Dirichlet allocation, and clustering. Overall, the application of ML to mental health has demonstrated a range of benefits across the areas of diagnosis, treatment and support, research, and clinical administration. With the majority of studies identified focusing on the detection and diagnosis of mental health conditions, it is evident that there is significant room for the application of ML to other areas of psychology and mental health. The challenges of using ML techniques are discussed, as well as opportunities to improve and advance the field.

Factors associated with psychological distress, fear and coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia

- Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Hoque, Nazmul,, Alif, Sheikh, Salehin, Masudus, Islam, Sheikh, Banik, Biswajit, Sharif, Ahmed, Nazim, Nashrin, Sultana, Farhan, Cross, Wendy

  • Authors: Rahman, Muhammad Aziz , Hoque, Nazmul, , Alif, Sheikh , Salehin, Masudus , Islam, Sheikh , Banik, Biswajit , Sharif, Ahmed , Nazim, Nashrin , Sultana, Farhan , Cross, Wendy
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Globalization and health Vol. 16, no. 1 (2020), p. 1-15
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  • Description: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the personal, professional and social life of Australians with some people more impacted than others. Objectives This study aimed to identify factors associated with psychological distress, fear and coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia. Methods A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among residents in Australia, including patients, frontline health and other essential service workers, and community members during June 2020. Psychological distress was assessed using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) level of fear was assessed using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and coping strategies were assessed using the Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS). Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the extent of psychological distress, level of fear and coping strategies while adjusting for potential confounders. Results Among 587 participants, the majority (391, 73.2%)...
  • Description: This work was supported by grant 1R21EB022356 from the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

Social capital among migrating doctors : the “bridge” over troubled water

- Terry, Daniel, Lê, Quynh

  • Authors: Terry, Daniel , Lê, Quynh
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Health Organization and Management Vol. 28, no. 3 (2014), p. 315-326
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  • Description: Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of social capital among International Medical Graduates (IMGs). It will specifically examine bridging social capital and greater intercultural communication which provides IMGs access to the wider community and plays a key role in cross-cultural adaptation and acculturation. Design/methodology/approach – A review of the literature. Findings – An Australian wide shortage of doctors has led to an increased reliance on the recruitment of IMGs. As IMGs migrate, they may encounter different meanings of illness, models of care and a number of social challenges. Nevertheless, greater cross-cultural adaptation and acculturation occurs through bridging social capital, where intercultural communication, new social networks and identity aids integration. This process produces more opportunities for economic capital growth and upward mobility than bonding social capital. Practical...

“They loved gambling more than me. ” Women's experiences of gambling-related harm as an affected other

- McCarthy, Simone, Thomas, Samantha, Pitt, Hannah, Warner, Elyse, Roderique-Davies, Gareth, Rintoul, Angela, John, Bev

  • Authors: McCarthy, Simone , Thomas, Samantha , Pitt, Hannah , Warner, Elyse , Roderique-Davies, Gareth , Rintoul, Angela , John, Bev
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Health Promotion Journal of Australia Vol. 34, no. 2 (2023), p. 284-293
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  • Description: Background: Gambling poses a global threat to public health due to its far-reaching impacts. Research has demonstrated a ripple effect of harmful gambling on social network members and broader communities. While researchers have documented extreme harms associated with an affected other, limited research has qualitatively investigated how women describe their concerns about the gambling of a social network member, and any subsequent negative impacts on their own lives. Methods: An online panel survey was conducted with women aged 18 years and older, who gambled at least once in the last 12 months, and resided in the Australian states of Victoria and New South Wales. This paper focused on the open text responses of a subsection of the sample (n = 136) who reported being negatively impacted by someone else's gambling. The study utilised reflexive thematic analysis to interpret the data. Results: Results indicated that women were concerned about the gambling behaviours of a broad range of social network members. Open text responses regarding the nature of these concerns mostly related to individualised paradigms of gambling behaviour – including whether the participant perceived their network member could afford to gamble, was being responsible with their gambling, or were gambling too frequently. Participants experienced a range of negative impacts including significant financial issues, relationship difficulties, poorer emotional wellbeing as a result of worrying about the gambler, and loss of trust. Some described the negative experiences associated with growing up with a parent who gambled. Conclusion: The research demonstrates the broad impacts of gambling on affected others. This study enhances our understanding of how women are harmed by gambling and considers the complexities of their experiences and relationships with the gambler. This extends knowledge beyond quantitative descriptors of harm among affected others and provides a critical reflection on the nuances of women's experiences with gambling and gambling harm. © 2022 The Authors. Health Promotion Journal of Australia published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australian Health Promotion Association.

Carbon offsetting in the road transport industry : issues and challenges of meeting the objectives

- Peters, Lies, Chattopadhyay, Gopinath, Kandra, Harpreet

  • Authors: Peters, Lies , Chattopadhyay, Gopinath , Kandra, Harpreet
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: 2021 International Conference on Maintenance and Intelligent Asset Management, ICMIAM 2021; Ballarat; 12-15 December 2021
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  • Description: The overall performance of the transport industry is generally reported in terms of moving goods, or freight or people from any location to their final destination in a safe, reliable, cost-effective, and timely manner. However, greenhouse gas and exhaust fumes resulting from their operations has an adverse impact on climate and health of people living around transport corridors. Carbon dioxide (CO2) in exhaust fumes, if not contained, can cause poisonous air pollution and contributes to global warming. Australia's Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment statistics predict that in 2030, CO2 emissions from the road transport industry through the usage of articulated and rigid trucks, are expected to grow by 37 percent from 2015 levels and is 80 percent higher compared to 2006 levels. In various parts of the world, there are annual mandatory road worthiness and exhaust testing requirements for responding to these problems. Some countries like Singapore (5.4 years) Luxembourg (6.5 years) and Austria (8.3 years), replace vehicles in five to 10 years on an average. Affordability, easy access, congestions, greenhouse gasses, impacts on health and safety are some of the important factors in asset management that can potentially impact climate change. Fleet asset management considers capital investments, operational and maintenance costs for informed decision making based on risks, life cycle costs and performances. This paper presents a review of studies on the impact of carbon offsetting on the transport infrastructure. Issues and challenges of alternative options for reducing risks and lifecycle costs along with approaches for enhancing performance covering reduction of greenhouse gasses and adverse impacts on human health have also been presented. © 2021 IEEE.

Public health messaging during disasters: Practice and attitudes of Australian emergency nurses

- Coombs, Nicole, Porter, Joanne, Barbagallo, Michael, Plummer, Virginia

  • Authors: Coombs, Nicole , Porter, Joanne , Barbagallo, Michael , Plummer, Virginia
  • Date: 2023
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australasian Emergency Care Vol. 26, no. 2 (2023), p. 193-197
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  • Description: The growing frequency of disasters increases health system demands, increasing the need for emergency departments to provide public health messaging to prevent illness and reduce risk. This study aims to explore emergency nurse practice and attitudes in providing public health messages from the emergency department during disasters in Australia. Quantitative phase of a mixed methods study, using an explanatory sequential design. Australian emergency nurses were surveyed using a validated online questionnaire. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, an enumerative content analysis, participant profiling and a factor analysis. Disaster experience varied in 143 nurse participants. The perception of the emergency nurse’s role in providing public health messages is influencing practice. Embracing teachable moments and health promotion responsibilities, attributes to positive attitudes and practice. In contrast, negative attitudes, lack of confidence, time, policy, and training, are barriers to public health messages being provided in the emergency setting. These barriers suggest that Australian emergency nurses may not have the capability, the opportunity, nor the motivation, to provide preventative messages to their patients during disasters. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors need to be addressed, ensuring nurses are confident and supported in their public health messaging practice during disasters.

Misconceptions of the deaf : giving voice to the voiceless

- Terry, Daniel, Le, Quynh, Nguyen, Hoang, Malatzky, Christina

  • Authors: Terry, Daniel , Le, Quynh , Nguyen, Hoang , Malatzky, Christina
  • Date: 2016-2017
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Health, culture and society (Pittsburgh, Pa.) Vol. 9-10, no. (2016-2017), p. 47-61
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  • Description: The Deaf usually do not see themselves as having a disability however, discourses and social stereotyping continue to portray the Deaf rather negatively. These discourses may lead to misconceptions, prejudice and possibly discrimination. A study was conducted to identify the challenges members of the Deaf community experience accessing quality health care in a small Island state of Australia. Using a qualitative approach, semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted with service providers and the Deaf community. Audist discourses of deafness as deficiency, disability and disease remain dominant in contemporary society and are inconsistency with the Deaf community’s own perception of their reality. Despite the dominant constructions of deafness and their affect on the Deaf’s experience of health service provision, many Deaf have developed skills, confidence and resilience to live in the hearing world. The Deaf were pushing back on discourses that construct deafness...

Evaluation of an assessment model to reduce waitlist times for occupational therapy in a rural community health setting

- Missen, Karen, Mills, Alyssa, McDonald, Georgia, Di Corleto, Erin, Telling, Laura, Davey, Alice

  • Authors: Missen, Karen , Mills, Alyssa , McDonald, Georgia , Di Corleto, Erin , Telling, Laura , Davey, Alice
  • Date: 2021
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australian Journal of Rural Health Vol. 29, no. 6 (2021), p. 987-992
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  • Description: Objective Community occupational therapy services have seen an increase in demand over the last three years, resulting in longer waitlist times for service provision, particularly in rural areas where it is difficult to recruit experienced occupational therapists. Utilising a demand management model, the Basic Assessment Model Pre‐Screening Tool was developed by a team of Occupational Therapists and allied health assistants to decrease client waitlist times at one rural community health service. Design An evaluation of the implementation of an assessment model with comparison of quantitative data pre and post intervention. Setting Rural Community Health Service in Victoria, Australia Participants 456 clients that were registered as community‐based clients requiring occupational therapy services. Main Outcome measure Following the implementation of the newly developed Basic Assessment Model the number of occupational therapy assessments increased and there was a decrease in the median wait time that clients were on the waitlist in comparison to pre implementation. Results There was a statistically significant decrease (p<0.001) in the median number of days spent on the waitlist for the post intervention group (80 days) compared to the pre intervention group (105 days). Conclusion The results of this study suggest that waiting lists for community occupational therapy services can be reduced by implementing this basic assessment model ultimately improving the health outcomes of clients.
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