List of Titles

Evaluation of high-temperature pyrolysis and CO2 gasification performance of bituminous coal in an entrained flow gasifier

- Shahabuddin, M., Kibria, M., Bhattacharya, Sankar

Authors: Shahabuddin, M. , Kibria, M. , Bhattacharya, Sankar
Date: 2021
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Journal of the Energy Institute Vol. 94, no. (2021), p. 294-309
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Description: This study used an entrained flow gasifier to assess the pyrolysis and gasification performance of Bangladeshi Barapukurian bituminous coal. The pyrolysis and CO2 gasification were conducted at temperatures of 1000°C–1400 °C under atmospheric pressure. The carbon conversion, syngas yield and pollutant emissions of coal using two different particle size of 90–106 and 250–300 μm have been analysed under CO2 concentration of 10–80 vol%. Solid residue (char/ash) was analysed by using scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) methods. Results show that the release of volatile matter increases up to the temperature of 1200 °C. However, the temperature needs to increase at 1400 °C for the complete carbon conversion. Based on the CO/H2 ratio, syngas conditioning is required while using a temperature of 1200 °C or above, especially over the stoichiometric CO2 concentrations. Considering the heating value of syngas for power generation, the use of CO2 should be limited to less than 20% at a temperature of 1200–1400 °C. Particle size is important for carbon conversion but there is no significant impact on the heating value of syngas. Installation of the syngas cleaning system is required to drop the pollutants emission from the ppmv range to the ppbv range. © 2020 Energy Institute

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Distribution of arsenic and heavy metals in soils and surface waters in Central Victoria (Ballarat, Creswick and Maldon)

- Sultan, Khawar

Authors: Sultan, Khawar
Date: 2006
Type: Text , Thesis , PhD
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Description: "Three sampling campaigns were conducted in the Ballarat, Creswick and Maldon areas. The sampling area is part of the Golden Triangle region where significant gold-mining activities took place from the 1850s to the present day. [...] Locations were chosen to evaluate arsenic distribution in soils, surface waters and plants in different environments. Easy access to sampling locations allowed detailed scientific sampling, especially in the seasonality study. The different range of environments such as agricultural, state forest, mining, urban and rural provided an opportunity to compare the concentrations of arsenic and other elements in the study area. The study of the three selected areas combined provided further understanding of possible exposure and pathways through which arsenic can get into the food chain. "The objective of the study is to measure levels of heavy metals/metalloids in soils, water and plants in various environments, identify whether the heavy metals/metalloids are mobile and bioavailable and understand the importance of clays and oxide complexes in the fixation of metals."
Description: Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Phytoremediation of atmospheric pollutants in the era of climate change

- Khan, Atika, Riaz, Anam, Mahmood, Athar, Bibi, Safura, Florentine, Singarayer, Javaid, Muhammad, Nargis, Javaria

Authors: Khan, Atika , Riaz, Anam , Mahmood, Athar , Bibi, Safura , Florentine, Singarayer , Javaid, Muhammad , Nargis, Javaria
Date: 2023
Type: Text , Book chapter
Relation: Climate-resilient agriculture, vol 1 : crop responses and agroecological perspectives Chapter 12 p. 257-272
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Description: It is now widely recognized that natural vegetation and many economically important crop species are significantly harmed by a variety of compounds that are found in the atmosphere in the form of pollutants. These pollutants are the result of anthropomorphic actions, which lead to increasing concentrations of harmful chemicals in the atmosphere. These include oxides of sulfur and nitrogen, ozone (O 3), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide, fluorides, and organic particulate matter (PM). With regard to the effect of these chemicals on crops and other vegetable species, the amount and type of damage depend on the concentration of gaseous pollutants in the atmosphere, the duration of the exposure time for the crops, and the nature of the growing season. Furthermore, the genotype of the plant governs the extent of damage caused by these atmospheric pollutants and can result in either acute or chronic damage. Polluting chemical contaminants have a variety of direct impacts on vegetation, which can include the plants' heat exchange parameters, together with their biological properties, antimicrobial activities, gene functions, and yielding characteristics. In addition, they frequently show modifications to the foliar structure and photosynthetic processes, which can cause an increase in the emission of reactive oxygen species, which are harmful to the plants' biological, physiological, and biochemical processes. These species can include hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, and hydrogen peroxide, and, consequently, the health of crops, for example, will require remedial action, such as the neutralization of free radicals by the formation and coordinated action of enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants. In order to contribute to such remediation processes, this chapter has focused on these air pollutants and their impact on vital physiological functions such as photosynthesis, respiration, carbon allocation, and the stomatal function of plants. © The Author(s). All rights reserved.

Agriculture management and seasonal impact on soil properties, water, sediment and chemicals transport in a hazelnut orchard (Croatia)

- Dugan, Ivan, Pereira, Paulo, Barcelo, Damia, Telak, Leon, Filipovic, Vilim, Filipović, Lana, Kisic, Ivica, Bogunovic, Igor

Authors: Dugan, Ivan , Pereira, Paulo , Barcelo, Damia , Telak, Leon , Filipovic, Vilim , Filipović, Lana , Kisic, Ivica , Bogunovic, Igor
Date: 2022
Type: Text , Journal article
Relation: Science of the Total Environment Vol. 839, no. (2022), p. 156346-156346
Full Text: false
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Description: Soil and water conservation practices are key to agroecosystems sustainability and avoiding diffuse pollution. Here, we compare the impacts of different types of mulch, barley straw (Straw), wooden chips (Chip) and tillage (Till) on vegetation mulch cover (VMC) soil properties, bulk density (BD), mean weight diameter (MWD), water stable aggregates (WSA), soil water content (SWC), soil organic matter (SOM), pH and total phosphorous (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb). We also assessed the ponding time (PT), runoff time (RT), runoff, sediment concentration (SC), sediment loss (SL) and chemicals transport (the same studied in soil). A set of rainfall simulation experiments (90 in total) was applied in the different Spring, Summer, and Fall treatments. The results showed that mulch increased VMC in all the seasons, while other properties (BD MWD, WSA SOM, pH) were not affected, especially in Spring. The biggest impact was observed in Fall, especially in the Till plot, due to the tillage practices applied in Summer. Mulch increased PT, RT and reduced runoff, SL and chemicals transport. Chemical losses were very much associated with SL, and the concentration of P and metals in soil depended on soil Ca and pH. SWC, MWD and runoff were inversely related to PT, RT and SC. Finally, BD, VMC and SOM were highly associated. Overall, tillage practices dramatically impact SL, and diffuse pollution and urgent measures are needed to reverse this. Mulching is excellent and cost-effective to mitigate the impacts of agriculture on land degradation and diffuse pollution. [Display omitted] •Impacts of season and soil management were studied in a hazelnut orchard.•Season had a strong impact on hydrological response.•Water, sediment and chemicals loss were high in Fall.•Tillage increased the chemicals transport.•Sustainable measures are needed to revert the tillage impact.

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