Showing items 1 - 15 of 15

Your selections:

The effect of an 8 week prescribed exercise and low-carbohydrate diet on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese individuals: A randomised controlled trial

- Perissiou, Maria, Borkoles, Erika, Kobayashi, Kent, Polman, Remco

  • Authors: Perissiou, Maria , Borkoles, Erika , Kobayashi, Kent , Polman, Remco
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Nutrients Vol. 12, no. 2 (2020), p. 482
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Low-carbohydrate (LC) diets are an effective method for treating obesity and reducing cardiometabolic risk. However, exposure to LC diets is associated with reductions in muscle mass and increased osteoporosis risk in obese individuals. The combination of exercise with a LC diet appears to attenuate muscle mass loss induced by LC diets alone, and to further improve cardiometabolic profile. However, evidence to date in obese individuals is limited. We assessed the effect of LC diet in combination with supervised exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese individuals. Male and female participants in the experimental (EX-LC structured supervised exercise program + low-carbohydrate meals n = 33 35.3 years) and control (EX-CO structured supervised exercise program + standard dietary advice n = 31 34.2 years) conditions underwent measurements of cardiorespiratory fitness ( O peak), body fat, lean muscle mass (LMM), and cardiometabolic biomarkers before and after an 8 week intervention. : Participants in the EX-LC condition demonstrated greater improvements in O peak ( = 0.002) and fat mass index (FMI, = 0.001) compared to the EX-CO condition. Achieving a ketogenic state (β-hydroxybutyrate, βHB ≥0.3 mmol/L) was associated with greater reductions in total body fat ( = 0.011), visceral adipose tissue ( = 0.025), FMI ( = 0.002) and C-reactive protein (CRP, = 0.041) but also with greater reductions in LMM ( = 0.042). : Short-term LC diet combined with prescribed exercise enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness and the cardiometabolic profile of obese individuals but was also associated with greater muscle mass loss compared to similar exercise training and standard dietary advice. The long-term effects of the LC diet should be further explored in future studies.

Efficacy of various complex and contrast set protocols acute responses and chronic muscle power development.

- Talpey, Scott

  • Authors: Talpey, Scott
  • Date: 2014
  • Type: Text , Thesis
  • Full Text:
  • Description: PhD
  • Description: "The complex and contrast methods are two separate, but related approaches to resistance training that present intriguing options for coaches who are seeking to enhance an athletes explosive lower body movement. This intrigue is caused by the post-activation potentiation (PAP) phenomenon, which provides the physiological underpinning for these training methods. Exploitation of the PAP response is believed to elicit acute responses, and ultimately chronic adaptations in an individuals explosive force producing ability to an extent that is greater than can be obtained through conventional training methods. However, evidence to support the use of these training methods is derived from investigations that have reported acute increases in performance within a single session and not over an extended period of time. Additionally, the complex method of training, in which sets of a heavy resistance exercise (conditioning action) are performed prior to sets of a lighter explosive exercise has not been investigated as extensively as the contrast method, in which heavy and light exercises are alternated in a set-by-set fashion, leading to question which method is more effective. Furthermore, it is currently not understood if a static or dynamic conditioning action is more effective in complex or contrast methods, and how a change in body position from seated to standing acutely effects explosive lower body movement. Therefore, four studies were designed to address these current gaps in the literature." "The first study sought to determine the reliability of the explosive force variables of jump height (JH), peak bar velocity (BV), peak force (PF), and peak power (PP) obtained from a countermovement jump (CMJ) test." "The second study of the thesis examined the acute responses to five different unconventional resistance training methods which attempted to capitalise on a PAP response and one conventional session where CMJs were performed without any influence from a previous conditioning action." "The third investigation of this thesis was a nine-week training study in which participants were randomly assigned to two training interventions, conventional (n = 11) or complex (n = 9)." "Due to the dramatic improvements observed in CMJ height, that were not observed in other variables, it was questioned whether the specific instructions provided to participants during training and testing throughout the study to jump for maximal height had any influence on these results. This question led to the design of a fourth study. Though not directly related to complex or contrast training, this investigation into the effects of instructions on CMJ variables has scope to alter the way this test is conducted both in research and in a practical setting.

Reproducibility of a laboratory-based 40-km cycle time-trial on a stationary wind-trainer in highly trained cyclists

- Laursen, Paul, Shing, Cecilia, Jenkins, David

  • Authors: Laursen, Paul , Shing, Cecilia , Jenkins, David
  • Date: 2003
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: International Journal of Sports Medicine Vol. 24, no. 7 (2003), p. 481-485
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: The purpose of the present study was to examine the reproducibility of laboratory-based 40-km cycle time-trial performance on a stationary wind-trainer. Each week, for three consecutive weeks, and on different days, forty-three highly trained male cyclists (x̄ ± SD; age = 25 ± 6 y; mass = 75 ± 7 kg; peak oxygen uptake [V̇O 2peak] = 64.8 ± 5.2 ml x kg-1 x min-1) performed: 1) a V̇O2peak test, and 2) a 40-km time-trial on their own racing bicycle mounted to a stationary wind-trainer (Cateye - Cyclosimulator). Data from all tests were compared using a one-way analysis of variance. Performance on the second and third 40-km time-trials were highly related (r=0.96; p < 0.001), not significantly different (57:21 ± 2: 57 vs. 57:12 ± 3:14 min:s), and displayed a low coefficient of variation (CV)=0.9 ± 0.7%. Although the first 40-km time-trial (58:43 ± 3: 17 min:s) was not significantly different from the second and third tests (p = 0.06), inclusion of the first test in the assessment of reliability increased within-subject CV to 3.0 ± 2.9%. 40-km time-trial speed (km x h -1) was significantly (p < 0.001) related to peak power output (W; r = 0.75), V̇O2peak (1 x min-1; r = 0.53), and the second ventilatory turnpoint (1 x min-1; r = 0.68) measured during the progressive exercise tests. These data demonstrate that the assessment of 40-km cycle time-trial performance in well-trained endurance cyclists on a stationary wind-trainer is reproducible, provided the athletes perform a familiarization trial.
  • Description: C1

Participation and dropout of Hockey New South Wales participants in 2017 and 2018: a longitudinal study

- Owen, Katherine, Foley, Bridget, Eime, Rochelle, Rose, Catriona, Reece, Lindsey

  • Authors: Owen, Katherine , Foley, Bridget , Eime, Rochelle , Rose, Catriona , Reece, Lindsey
  • Date: 2022
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: BMC Sports Science Medicine and Rehabilitation Vol. 14, no. 1 (2022), p. 103-103
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Sports have a focus on increasing participation, which contributes to increasing population levels of physical activity, social cohesion and longevity of the sport. The primary aim of this study was to examine reasons for drop-out of a popular team sport in Australia, Field Hockey and identify opportunities to increase participation. This longitudinal study obtained routinely collected registered player data from Hockey New South Wales over two consecutive years, and survey data from registered players who dropped out. Logistic regression models identified demographic subgroups who were more likely to drop out of sport, and the reasons for dropping out. In 2018, 8463 (31%) of hockey players did not return to play hockey after the previous season and 805 (10%) of these completed a survey. Specific groups who were more likely to stop playing included 5-6 years (OR: 2.1, 95% CI 1.8-2.6 reference: 12-17 years), females (OR: 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2 reference: males), Indigenous (OR: 1.2, 95% CI 1.1-1.4 reference: non-Indigenous), most disadvantaged (OR: 1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2 reference: least disadvantaged) or regional and remote (1.1, 95% CI 1.0-1.2 reference: major cities). Top reasons for drop out were medical/age (17%), change in circumstances (16%) and high cost (13%), lack of time (13%) and lack of enjoyment (7%). Although Hockey successfully reaches a large proportion of underrepresented groups in sport, these groups are more likely to drop out. Sports should consult these groups to develop enjoyable, flexible, and modifiable versions of the game that are appropriate to their needs.

A Social identity approach to understanding and promoting physical activity

- Stevens, Mark, Rees, Tim, Coffee, Pete, Steffens, Niklas, Haslam, S. Alexander, Polman, Remco

  • Authors: Stevens, Mark , Rees, Tim , Coffee, Pete , Steffens, Niklas , Haslam, S. Alexander , Polman, Remco
  • Date: 2017
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Sports Medicine Vol. 47, no. 10 (2017), p. 1911-1918
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Against the backdrop of a global physical inactivity crisis, attempts to both understand and positively influence physical activity behaviours are characterized by a focus on individual-level factors (e.g. cognitions, attitudes, motivation). We outline a new perspective, drawn from an emerging body of work exploring the applicability of social identity and self-categorization theories to domains of sport and health, from which to understand and address this pervasive problem. This social identity approach suggests that the groups to which people belong can be, and often are, incorporated into their sense of self and, through this, are powerful determinants of physical activity-related behaviour. We start by reviewing the current state of physical activity research and highlighting the potential for the social identity approach to help understand how social factors influence these behaviours. Next, we outline the theoretical underpinnings of the social identity approach and provide three key examples that speak to the analytical and practical value of the social identity approach in physical activity settings. Specifically, we argue that social identity (1) can be harnessed to promote engagement in physical activity, (2) underpins exercise group behaviour, and (3) underpins effective leadership in exercise settings. We conclude by identifying prospects for a range of theory-informed research developments.

Biomechanical epidemiology : A novel approach for fitness activity injury prevention

- Gray, Shannon, Finch, Caroline

  • Authors: Gray, Shannon , Finch, Caroline
  • Date: 2015
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Australasian Epidemiologist Vol. 22, no. 1 (2015), p. 26-28
  • Relation: http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1058737
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: There have been limited epidemiological studies that delve into injuries sustained during fitness activities, and fewer that have explored injury prevention strategies and evaluated their success. Popular individual and team sports such as athletics, swimming, basketball and various codes of football have enjoyed extensive epidemiological attention for years, and due to the sports' popularity and public profile, will continue to be highly researched areas. Other epidemiological research has focused on sports injuries more generally, or on specific injury types such as concussion, anterior cruciate ligament injury and hamstring injury. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics' Exercise Recreation and Sport Survey (ERASS), fitness/gym is the second most popular recreation or sport activity participated in by Australians aged 15+ years. Considering the number of people who participate in fitness activities, and the devastating impact that injuries can have on the individual, their family and friends, and society, it is necessary to devote some research to preventing these.

Prevalence, cost and correlates of physical activity participation by adults in an Australian regional city

- Dassanayake, Jayantha

  • Authors: Dassanayake, Jayantha
  • Date: 2003
  • Type: Text , Thesis , Masters
  • Full Text:
  • Description: "This study aims to investigate physical activity participation by adults in the regional city of Ballarat by examining: the current levels of physical activity and how these compare with the overall Australian adult population; the PAR fpr physical inactivity and CHD, NIDDM, colon cancer, stroke, breast cancer and all-cause mortality; the curent cost of CHD, and stroke, attributable to physical inactivity; the major determinants of physical activity participation; and the theoretical models most relevant for the design and implementation of any targeted intervention programs."
  • Description: Master of Applied Science

Skill based modified sports programs for younger participants : The risk of boredom and drop out

- Eime, Rochelle, Payne, Warren, Casey, Meghan

  • Authors: Eime, Rochelle , Payne, Warren , Casey, Meghan
  • Date: 2005
  • Type: Text , Conference paper
  • Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 8, no. 4 Supplement (2005), p. 79
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Sport in Australia has recognised that children are not 'little adults'. Initially, responses included modifications to: equipment; playing surface size; some rules. In recent years many sports have developed structured, skill-based, age specific developmental programs for younger participants. The aim of this study is to investigate why participants become involved, and to find out what they enjoy most and least about these programs. Program coordinators/coaches and parents of participants (5-7 years) of two modified sports programs were interviewed. Questions included thoughts about: the program structure and resources; why participants became involved; what the participant likes/dislikes most; how the program could be improved. Behavioural theories are utilised in the discussion of these combined program results. Common themes were found between the thoughts of the program participants and "drop outs";. A main finding was that children join these sports programs to have fun, and when it ceases to become fun they get bored. Participant enjoyment was associated with game and match like activities. Many program coordinators reported altering the program structure to include more game and match like activities. The repetition of the program over two years for the participant was also a common barrier reported. In conclusion, it is recommended that sports programs for young participants are age specific and that they are modified to the full adult version. However, modify the programs to suit the needs and the desires of the children or face high drop out rates.
  • Description: 2003006003

Type D personality, stress, coping and performance on a novel sport task

- Borkoles, Erika, Kaiseler, Mariana, Evans, Andrew, Ski, Chantal, Thompson, David, Polman, Remco

  • Authors: Borkoles, Erika , Kaiseler, Mariana , Evans, Andrew , Ski, Chantal , Thompson, David , Polman, Remco
  • Date: 2018
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: PLoS One Vol. 13, no. 4 (2018), p. e0196692-e0196692
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: We investigated (1) the relationship between Type D personality, stress intensity appraisal of a self-selected stressor, coping, and perceived coping effectiveness and (2) the relationship between Type D personality and performance. In study one, 482 athletes completed the Type D personality questionnaire (DS14), stress thermometer and MCOPE in relation to a recently experienced sport stressor. Type D was associated with increased levels of perceived stress and selection of coping strategies (more emotion and avoidance coping) as well as perceptions of their effectiveness. In study two, 32 participants completed a rugby league circuit task and were assessed on pre-performance anxiety, post-performance affect and coping. Type D was associated with poorer performance (reduced distance more errors), decreases in pre-performance self-confidence and more use of maladaptive resignation/withdrawal coping. Findings suggest that Type D is associated with maladaptive coping and reduced performance. Type D individuals would benefit from interventions related to mood modification or enhancing interpersonal functioning.

Effectiveness of a 16 week gymnastics curriculum at developing movement competence in children

- Rudd, James, Barnett, Lisa, Farrow, Damian, Berry, Jason, Borkoles, Erika, Polman, Remco

  • Authors: Rudd, James , Barnett, Lisa , Farrow, Damian , Berry, Jason , Borkoles, Erika , Polman, Remco
  • Date: 2017
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 20, no. 2 (2017), p. 164-169
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: Abstract Objectives Internationally, children's movement competence levels are low. This study's aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a 16 week gymnastics curriculum on stability, locomotive and object control skills and general body coordination. It was hypothesised that the gymnastics intervention group would demonstrate significant improvements beyond a PE comparison group. Design This study used a non-randomised control design. The intervention and comparison groups were drawn from three primary schools. The study followed the Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Nonrandomized Designs (TREND) statement for reporting. Methods A total of 333 children (51% girls, 41% intervention) with a mean age of 8.1 years ( sd = 1.1) participated. Intervention children (16 weeks x 2 hrs of gymnastics) were compared to children who received (16 × 2 hrs) standard PE curriculum. Children's movement competence was assessed using the Test of Gross Motor Development–2, Stability Skills Assessment and the Körper-Koordinationstest für Kinder. Multilevel linear mixed models, accounting for variation at the class level and adjusted for age and sex, were used to assess intervention relative to comparison differences in all aspects of movement competence. Results Stability and object control skills showed a significant ( p < .05) intervention x time interaction effect. No difference was found in locomotor skills or general coordination. Conclusions Gymnastics is effective at developing stability skills and object control skills without hindering the development of locomotor skills or general coordination. Accelerated learning of stability skills may support the development of more complex movement skills.

Selection of key trade tasks for detailed observation : Report No.1

- Stacy, R, Payne, Warren, Harvey, Jack

  • Authors: Stacy, R , Payne, Warren , Harvey, Jack
  • Date: 2004
  • Type: Text , Report
  • Relation: Defence Physical Employment Standards Project: Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: The aim of this work package was to identify a set of key job performance tasks, which were considered to represent the critical physical performance requirements and risks relevant to Infantry and Airfield Defence Guards, for more intensive examination. A total of 34 tasks were identified for further detailed observation and analysis in the next work package (WBS: 1.1.2.2). These tasks were selected using a process of analysis which was consistent with processes used in previously reported studies, such as Rayson (1998). The objectives of this analysis process were to identify those tasks that are: 1. Most physically demanding and/or impacting on cognitive function; 2. Common to all the combat arms; 3. Specific to a particular combat arm, trade or sub-trades; and 4. Considered to involve higher levels of risk of injury. The method followed a three-step process, including: 1. A preliminary review of existing ADF task analysis survey data, competency statements and sub-trade manuals; 2. A questionnaire to subject matter experts; and 3. A series of one-day workshops at Puckapunyal. The outcome of this analysis process was a list of 34 tasks that represented a combination of physically demanding tasks, common tasks and high-risk tasks. For the purposes of detailed task observation, the tasks were provisionally allocated, 20 to Infantry and 15 to Airfield Defence Guards. One duplicate task appears in both lists.

The public health care cost of physical inactivity in a regional city of Australia

- Dassanayake, Jayantha, Payne, Warren, Liya, T., Turville, Christopher

Effective assessments of a short-duration poor posture on upper limb muscle fatigue before physical exercise

- Lu, Lei, Robinson, Mark, Tan, Ying, Goonewardena, Kusal, Guo, Xinliang, Mareels, Iven, Oetomo, Denny

  • Authors: Lu, Lei , Robinson, Mark , Tan, Ying , Goonewardena, Kusal , Guo, Xinliang , Mareels, Iven , Oetomo, Denny
  • Date: 2020
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Frontiers in physiology Vol. 11, no. (2020), p. 541974-541974
  • Full Text: false
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: A forward head and rounded shoulder posture is a poor posture that is widely seen in everyday life. It is known that sitting in such a poor posture with long hours will bring health issues such as muscle pain. However, it is not known whether sitting in this poor posture for a short period of time will affect human activities. This paper investigates the effects of a short-duration poor posture before some typical physical activities such as push-ups. The experiments are set up as follows. Fourteen male subjects are asked to do push-ups until fatigue with two surface electromyography (sEMG) at the upper limb. Two days later, they are asked to sit in this poor posture for 15 min with eight sEMG sensors located at given back muscles. Then they do the push-ups after the short-duration poor posture. The observations from the median frequency of sEMG signals at the upper limb indicate that the short-duration poor posture does affect the fatigue procedure of push-ups. A significant decreasing trend of the performance of push-ups is obtained after sitting in this poor posture. Such effects indicate that some parts of the back muscles indeed get fatigued with only 15 min sitting in this poor posture. By further investigating the time-frequency components of sEMG of back muscles, it is observed that the low and middle frequencies of sEMG signals from the infraspinatus muscle of the dominant side are demonstrated to be more prone to fatigue with the poor posture. Although this study focuses only on push-ups, similar experiments can be arranged for other physical exercises as well. This study provides new insights into the effect of a short-duration poor posture before physical activities. These insights can be used to guide athletes to pay attention to postures before physical activities to improve performance and reduce the risk of injury.

Physiological and anthropometric characteristics of starters and non-starters and playing positions in elite Australian Rules football : A case study

- Young, Warren, Newton, Robert, Doyle, Tim, Chapman, Dale, Cormack, Stuart, Stewart, Glenn, Dawson, Brian

  • Authors: Young, Warren , Newton, Robert , Doyle, Tim , Chapman, Dale , Cormack, Stuart , Stewart, Glenn , Dawson, Brian
  • Date: 2005
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 8, no. 3 (Sep 2005), p. 333-345
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: A purpose of this study was to determine if pre-season anthropometric and physiological measures were significantly different for the players from one Australian Football League (AFL) club selected to play in the first game of the season compared to the players not selected. Another purpose was to compare fitness test results for defenders, forwards and mid-fielders in the same AFL club. Thirty-four players were tested for isolated quadriceps and hamstrings strength, leg extensor muscle strength and power, upper body strength, sprinting speed, vertical jump (VJ), endurance, skinfolds and hamstring flexibility. The starters who were selected to play the first game were a significantly older and more experienced playing group, and were significantly better (p < 0.05) in measures of leg power, sprinting speed and the distance covered in the Yo Yo intermittent recovery test compared to the non-starters. Although there were trends for the superiority of the starters, the differences in lower and upper body strength, VJ and predicted VO(2)max were nonsignificant. The forwards generally produced the worst fitness scores of the playing positions with the midfielders having significantly lower skinfolds and the defenders possessing better hamstring strength and VJ compared to the forwards. It was concluded that some fitness qualities can differentiate between starters and non-starters, at least in one AFL club. Comparisons of playing positions and the development of fitness norms for AFL players require further research.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003001187

Relationship between pre-season anthropometric and fitness measures and indicators of playing performance in elite junior Australian rules football

- Young, Warren, Pryor, Luke

  • Authors: Young, Warren , Pryor, Luke
  • Date: 2007
  • Type: Text , Journal article
  • Relation: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport Vol. 10, no. 2 (2007), p. 110-118
  • Full Text:
  • Reviewed:
  • Description: The purpose of this research was to determine the relationships between selected anthropometric and fitness measures with indicators of performance in elite junior Australian football players. During the pre-season, 485 players from the elite Victorian under-18 Australian Rules football competition were tested for height, body mass, hand span, arm length, standing reach, vertical jump, 5 and 20 m sprint times, agility, predicted over(V, ) O2 max and sit and reach flexibility. Performance indicators included being selected for the first game of the season and the number of possessions, marks, hitouts, and the number of games where votes were awarded in the first eight games of the season. The top and bottom four teams on the ladder were also compared after eight games. Players were divided into groups on the basis of the above indicators and the groups were compared statistically by analysis of variance (ANOVA). There were several significant differences between selected and non-selected players. Players acquiring the most possessions were significantly (p < 0.05) shorter (effect size: ES = 0.78), with less body mass (ES = 0.55) and possessed greater acceleration (ES = 0.44-0.56) and endurance (ES = 0.51). Body mass was significantly related to the number of marks and height was related to hitouts (p < 0.05). Acceleration was the only fitness quality to discriminate between higher and lower vote winners. The players from the top four teams had a significantly greater standing reach (p = 0.038, ES = 0.53), were heavier (p = 0.032, ES = 0.55) but not superior in any fitness measure. Generally hand span, agility and flexibility were not related to performance indicators. It was concluded that shorter and lighter players who possess high levels of speed and endurance are more likely to acquire possessions and be awarded votes, however these attributes do not guarantee team success. The small relationships between agility and flexibility to performance might be explained by the choice of tests used to assess these qualities. © 2006 Sports Medicine Australia.
  • Description: C1
  • Description: 2003005642
  • 1