The rare richardsitas betsch (collembola, symphypleona, sminthuridae) : a new species from Australia with comments on the genus and on the sminthurinae
- Medeiros, Gleyce, Greenslade, Penelope, Bellini, Bruno
- Authors: Medeiros, Gleyce , Greenslade, Penelope , Bellini, Bruno
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Insects Vol. 11, no. 8 (2020), p. 1-16
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- Description: Richardsitas Betsch is a small genus of Sminthurinae with only two species described so far, both from Madagascar. It resembles other Sminthurinae with long antennae, especially Temeritas Richards. Here we provide the first record of Richardsitas from Australia, Richardsitas subferoleum sp. nov., which is similar to R. najtae Betsch and R. griveaudi Betsch in males’ large abdomen chaetotaxy and presence of tenent-hairs on tibiotarsi II–III, but lacks mucronal chaeta and has 28 segments on the fourth antennal segment plus a unique pair of sensilla on the second. We also provide an updated genus diagnosis to Richardsitas, a key to its species, a discussion of the affinities of Temeritas and Richardsitas to other Sminthurinae, and an updated key to this subfamily. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Description: This research was supported by UFRN. B.C.B. was granted by CAPES and CNPq (PROTAX II, process #156828/2016-01 and PQ2018, process # 305426/2018-4, respectively); G.S.M. was granted by CAPES (Master scholarship).
- Authors: Medeiros, Gleyce , Greenslade, Penelope , Bellini, Bruno
- Date: 2020
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Insects Vol. 11, no. 8 (2020), p. 1-16
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Richardsitas Betsch is a small genus of Sminthurinae with only two species described so far, both from Madagascar. It resembles other Sminthurinae with long antennae, especially Temeritas Richards. Here we provide the first record of Richardsitas from Australia, Richardsitas subferoleum sp. nov., which is similar to R. najtae Betsch and R. griveaudi Betsch in males’ large abdomen chaetotaxy and presence of tenent-hairs on tibiotarsi II–III, but lacks mucronal chaeta and has 28 segments on the fourth antennal segment plus a unique pair of sensilla on the second. We also provide an updated genus diagnosis to Richardsitas, a key to its species, a discussion of the affinities of Temeritas and Richardsitas to other Sminthurinae, and an updated key to this subfamily. © 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
- Description: This research was supported by UFRN. B.C.B. was granted by CAPES and CNPq (PROTAX II, process #156828/2016-01 and PQ2018, process # 305426/2018-4, respectively); G.S.M. was granted by CAPES (Master scholarship).
Health challenges of the pacific region : Insights from history, geography, social determinants, genetics, and the microbiome
- Horwood, Paul, Tarantola, Arnaud, Goarant, Cyrille, Matsui, Mariko, Klement, Elise, Umezaki, Masahiro, Navarro, Severine, Greenhill, Andrew
- Authors: Horwood, Paul , Tarantola, Arnaud , Goarant, Cyrille , Matsui, Mariko , Klement, Elise , Umezaki, Masahiro , Navarro, Severine , Greenhill, Andrew
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 10, no. (2019), p. 1-16
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- Description: The Pacific region, also referred to as Oceania, is a geographically widespread region populated by people of diverse cultures and ethnicities. Indigenous people in the region (Melanesians, Polynesians, Micronesians, Papuans, and Indigenous Australians) are over-represented on national, regional, and global scales for the burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases. Although social and environmental factors such as poverty, education, and access to health-care are assumed to be major drivers of this disease burden, there is also developing evidence that genetic and microbiotic factors should also be considered. To date, studies investigating genetic and/or microbiotic links with vulnerabilities to infectious and non-communicable diseases have mostly focused on populations in Europe, Asia, and USA, with uncertain associations for other populations such as indigenous communities in Oceania. Recent developments in personalized medicine have shown that identifying ethnicity-linked genetic vulnerabilities can be important for medical management. Although our understanding of the impacts of the gut microbiome on health is still in the early stages, it is likely that equivalent vulnerabilities will also be identified through the interaction between gut microbiome composition and function with pathogens and the host immune system. As rapid economic, dietary, and cultural changes occur throughout Oceania it becomes increasingly important that further research is conducted within indigenous populations to address the double burden of high rates of infectious diseases and rapidly rising non-communicable diseases so that comprehensive development goals can be planned. In this article, we review the current knowledge on the impact of nutrition, genetics, and the gut microbiome on infectious diseases in indigenous people of the Pacific region.
- Authors: Horwood, Paul , Tarantola, Arnaud , Goarant, Cyrille , Matsui, Mariko , Klement, Elise , Umezaki, Masahiro , Navarro, Severine , Greenhill, Andrew
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article , Review
- Relation: Frontiers in Immunology Vol. 10, no. (2019), p. 1-16
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The Pacific region, also referred to as Oceania, is a geographically widespread region populated by people of diverse cultures and ethnicities. Indigenous people in the region (Melanesians, Polynesians, Micronesians, Papuans, and Indigenous Australians) are over-represented on national, regional, and global scales for the burden of infectious and non-communicable diseases. Although social and environmental factors such as poverty, education, and access to health-care are assumed to be major drivers of this disease burden, there is also developing evidence that genetic and microbiotic factors should also be considered. To date, studies investigating genetic and/or microbiotic links with vulnerabilities to infectious and non-communicable diseases have mostly focused on populations in Europe, Asia, and USA, with uncertain associations for other populations such as indigenous communities in Oceania. Recent developments in personalized medicine have shown that identifying ethnicity-linked genetic vulnerabilities can be important for medical management. Although our understanding of the impacts of the gut microbiome on health is still in the early stages, it is likely that equivalent vulnerabilities will also be identified through the interaction between gut microbiome composition and function with pathogens and the host immune system. As rapid economic, dietary, and cultural changes occur throughout Oceania it becomes increasingly important that further research is conducted within indigenous populations to address the double burden of high rates of infectious diseases and rapidly rising non-communicable diseases so that comprehensive development goals can be planned. In this article, we review the current knowledge on the impact of nutrition, genetics, and the gut microbiome on infectious diseases in indigenous people of the Pacific region.
Antimicrobial sensitivity trends and virulence genes in Shigella spp. from the Oceania region
- Malau, Elisheba, Ford, Rebecca, Valcanis, Mary, Jennison, Amy, Mosse, Jenny, Bean, David, Yoannes, Mition, Pomat, William, Horwood, Paul, Greenhill, Andrew
- Authors: Malau, Elisheba , Ford, Rebecca , Valcanis, Mary , Jennison, Amy , Mosse, Jenny , Bean, David , Yoannes, Mition , Pomat, William , Horwood, Paul , Greenhill, Andrew
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Infection, Genetics and Evolution Vol. 64, no. (2018), p. 52-56
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- Description: Shigella is a common cause of diarrhoea in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and other Oceania countries. However, little is known about the strains causing infection. Archived Shigella isolates (n = 72) were obtained from research laboratories in PNG and reference laboratories in Australia. Shigella virulence genes were detected by PCR, and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion. The ipaH virulence gene was present in all 72 isolates. The prevalence of other virulence genes was variable, with ial, invE, ipaBCD, sen/ospD3 and virF present in 60% of isolates and set1A and set1B genes present in 42% of isolates. Most S. flexneri isolates contained genes encoding enterotoxin 1 and/or enterotoxin 2. Resistance to antibiotics was common, with 51/72 isolates resistant to 2–4 antimicrobials. A greater proportion of bacteria isolated since 2010 (relative to pre-2010 isolates) were resistant to commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; suggesting that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Shigella is increasing over time in the Oceania region. There is a need for improved knowledge regarding Shigella circulation in the Oceania region and further monitoring of AMR patterns. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
- Authors: Malau, Elisheba , Ford, Rebecca , Valcanis, Mary , Jennison, Amy , Mosse, Jenny , Bean, David , Yoannes, Mition , Pomat, William , Horwood, Paul , Greenhill, Andrew
- Date: 2018
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Infection, Genetics and Evolution Vol. 64, no. (2018), p. 52-56
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Shigella is a common cause of diarrhoea in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and other Oceania countries. However, little is known about the strains causing infection. Archived Shigella isolates (n = 72) were obtained from research laboratories in PNG and reference laboratories in Australia. Shigella virulence genes were detected by PCR, and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion. The ipaH virulence gene was present in all 72 isolates. The prevalence of other virulence genes was variable, with ial, invE, ipaBCD, sen/ospD3 and virF present in 60% of isolates and set1A and set1B genes present in 42% of isolates. Most S. flexneri isolates contained genes encoding enterotoxin 1 and/or enterotoxin 2. Resistance to antibiotics was common, with 51/72 isolates resistant to 2–4 antimicrobials. A greater proportion of bacteria isolated since 2010 (relative to pre-2010 isolates) were resistant to commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; suggesting that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Shigella is increasing over time in the Oceania region. There is a need for improved knowledge regarding Shigella circulation in the Oceania region and further monitoring of AMR patterns. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
Having enough cultural food? A qualitative exploration of the experiences of migrants in a regional area of Australia
- Yeoh, Joanne, Lê, Quynh, Terry, Daniel, McManamey, Rosa
- Authors: Yeoh, Joanne , Lê, Quynh , Terry, Daniel , McManamey, Rosa
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Food Research Vol. 4, no. 2 (2014), p. 16
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The notion of food security encompasses the ability of individuals, households and communities to acquire food that is healthy, sustainable, affordable, appropriate and accessible. Despite Australia’s current ability to produce more food than required for its population, there has been substantial evidence demonstrating that many Australians struggle to feed themselves, particularly those from a cultural and linguistically diverse (CALD) background. This qualitative phenomenological study investigated the experiences of food security among migrants in a regional area of Australia (Tasmania). 33 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Tasmanian migrants. The interviews were analysed thematically using Nvivo 10.0 and three main themes emerged: (1) migrant’s experiences of food security in Tasmania; (2) the factors that influence migrant food security in Tasmania; and (3) acculturation strategies. Participants were satisfied with their current food security in Tasmania but they still encountered some challenges in the availability, accessibility and affordability of healthy and cultural food. Factors that influenced their food security were educational background, the language barrier, socioeconomic status, geographical isolation, and their cultural background. Migrants managed to adapt to the new food culture by using different acculturation strategies. Migrants residing in Tasmania encounter a diverse number of challenges pertaining to food security and use different food security strategies while acculturating to the new environment. These findings may inform other migrant communities in Australia, relevant non-government organisations and government departments and suggest strategies to address food security challenges among migrants.
- Authors: Yeoh, Joanne , Lê, Quynh , Terry, Daniel , McManamey, Rosa
- Date: 2014
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Journal of Food Research Vol. 4, no. 2 (2014), p. 16
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: The notion of food security encompasses the ability of individuals, households and communities to acquire food that is healthy, sustainable, affordable, appropriate and accessible. Despite Australia’s current ability to produce more food than required for its population, there has been substantial evidence demonstrating that many Australians struggle to feed themselves, particularly those from a cultural and linguistically diverse (CALD) background. This qualitative phenomenological study investigated the experiences of food security among migrants in a regional area of Australia (Tasmania). 33 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Tasmanian migrants. The interviews were analysed thematically using Nvivo 10.0 and three main themes emerged: (1) migrant’s experiences of food security in Tasmania; (2) the factors that influence migrant food security in Tasmania; and (3) acculturation strategies. Participants were satisfied with their current food security in Tasmania but they still encountered some challenges in the availability, accessibility and affordability of healthy and cultural food. Factors that influenced their food security were educational background, the language barrier, socioeconomic status, geographical isolation, and their cultural background. Migrants managed to adapt to the new food culture by using different acculturation strategies. Migrants residing in Tasmania encounter a diverse number of challenges pertaining to food security and use different food security strategies while acculturating to the new environment. These findings may inform other migrant communities in Australia, relevant non-government organisations and government departments and suggest strategies to address food security challenges among migrants.
Wave 2 strains of atypical Vibrio cholerae El Tor caused the 2009-2011 cholera outbreak in Papua New Guinea
- Greenhill, Andrew, Mutreja, Ankur, Bulach, Dieter, Belousoff, Matthew, Jonduo, Marinjho, Collins, Deirdre, Kas, Monalisa, Wapling, Johanna, Seemann, Torsten, Lafana, Alice, Dougan, Gordon, Brown, Mark, Horwood, Paul
- Authors: Greenhill, Andrew , Mutreja, Ankur , Bulach, Dieter , Belousoff, Matthew , Jonduo, Marinjho , Collins, Deirdre , Kas, Monalisa , Wapling, Johanna , Seemann, Torsten , Lafana, Alice , Dougan, Gordon , Brown, Mark , Horwood, Paul
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Microbial genomics Vol. 5, no. 3 (2019), p. 1-5
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera, a globally important human disease for at least 200 years. In 2009-2011, the first recorded cholera outbreak in Papua New Guinea (PNG) occurred. We conducted genetic and phenotypic characterization of 21 isolates of V. cholerae, with whole-genome sequencing conducted on 2 representative isolates. The PNG outbreak was caused by an atypical El Tor strain harbouring a tandem repeat of the CTX prophage on chromosome II. Whole-genome sequence data, prophage structural analysis and the absence of the SXT integrative conjugative element was indicative that the PNG isolates were most closely related to strains previously isolated in South-East and East Asia with affiliations to global wave 2 strains. This finding suggests that the cholera outbreak in PNG was caused by an exotic (non-endemic) strain of V. cholerae that originated in South-East Asia.
- Authors: Greenhill, Andrew , Mutreja, Ankur , Bulach, Dieter , Belousoff, Matthew , Jonduo, Marinjho , Collins, Deirdre , Kas, Monalisa , Wapling, Johanna , Seemann, Torsten , Lafana, Alice , Dougan, Gordon , Brown, Mark , Horwood, Paul
- Date: 2019
- Type: Text , Journal article
- Relation: Microbial genomics Vol. 5, no. 3 (2019), p. 1-5
- Full Text:
- Reviewed:
- Description: Vibrio cholerae is the causative agent of cholera, a globally important human disease for at least 200 years. In 2009-2011, the first recorded cholera outbreak in Papua New Guinea (PNG) occurred. We conducted genetic and phenotypic characterization of 21 isolates of V. cholerae, with whole-genome sequencing conducted on 2 representative isolates. The PNG outbreak was caused by an atypical El Tor strain harbouring a tandem repeat of the CTX prophage on chromosome II. Whole-genome sequence data, prophage structural analysis and the absence of the SXT integrative conjugative element was indicative that the PNG isolates were most closely related to strains previously isolated in South-East and East Asia with affiliations to global wave 2 strains. This finding suggests that the cholera outbreak in PNG was caused by an exotic (non-endemic) strain of V. cholerae that originated in South-East Asia.
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